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Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM. Endophytic Diaporthe as Promising Leads for the Development of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers for a Sustainable Agriculture. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2453. [PMID: 36557707 PMCID: PMC9784053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are responsible for causing economic and production losses in several crops worldwide, thus reducing the quality and quantity of agricultural supplies. To reduce the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, strategies and approaches using microorganisms are being used in plant disease management. Most of the studies concerning plant-growth promotion and biological agents to control plant diseases are mainly focused on bacteria. In addition, a great portion of registered and commercialized biopesticides are bacterial-based products. Despite fungal endophytes having been identified as promising candidates for their use in biological control, it is of the utmost importance to develop and improve the existing knowledge on this research field. The genus Diaporthe, encompasses plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes that have been screened for secondary metabolite, mainly due to their production of polyketides and a variety of unique bioactive metabolites with agronomic importance. Some of these metabolites exhibit antifungal and antibacterial activity for controlling plant pathogens, and phytotoxic activity for the development of potential mycoherbicides. Moreover, species of Diaporthe are reported as promising agents in the development of biofertilizers. For this reason, in this review we summarize the potential of Diaporthe species to produce natural products with application in agriculture and describe the benefits of these fungi to promote their host plant's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hilário
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Micael F. M. Gonçalves
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Dos Reis JBA, do Vale HMM, Lorenzi AS. Insights into taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of Cerrado endophytic fungi: a review exploring an unique Brazilian biome and methodological limitations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:202. [PMID: 35999403 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and it is known for harboring a wide variety of endemic plant and microbial species, among which are endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms capable of colonizing the interior of plant tissues without causing disease in host plants. Especially in the Cerrado biome, this group of microorganisms is still poorly studied and information on species estimation, ecological and evolutionary importance is not accurate and remains unknown. Also, it is extremely important to emphasize that great part of studies available on Cerrado endophytic fungi are national literature, including master's dissertations, course conclusion works or unpublished doctoral theses. The majority of these studies has highlighted that the endemic plant species are an important habitat for fungal endophytes, and new species have increasingly been described. Due to the lack of international literature on Cerrado endophytic fungi, the present review brings a bibliographic survey on taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of fungal endophytes from a unique environment. This review also emphasizes the importance of studying Brazilian endophytic fungi from Cerrado as a source of new technologies (biofertilizer and biocontroller), since they are secondary metabolite-producing organisms with different biological activities for biotechnological, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helson Mário Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Iantas J, Savi DC, Schibelbein RDS, Noriler SA, Assad BM, Dilarri G, Ferreira H, Rohr J, Thorson JS, Shaaban KA, Glienke C. Endophytes of Brazilian Medicinal Plants With Activity Against Phytopathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:714750. [PMID: 34539608 PMCID: PMC8442585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogens are responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance induction and biological control have been exploited in agriculture due to their enormous potential. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi of leaves and petioles of medicinal plants Vochysia divergens and Stryphnodendron adstringens located in two regions of high diversity in Brazil, Pantanal, and Cerrado, respectively. We recovered 1,304 fungal isolates and based on the characteristics of the culture, were assigned to 159 phenotypes. One isolate was selected as representative of each phenotype and studied for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Isolates with better biological activities were identified based on DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyzes. Among the 159 representative isolates, extracts from 12 endophytes that inhibited the mycelial growth (IG) of Colletotrichum abscissum (≥40%) were selected to expand the antimicrobial analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined against citrus pathogens, C. abscissum, Phyllosticta citricarpa and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and the maize pathogen Fusarium graminearum. The highest activity against C. abscissum were from extracts of Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CMRP4328 (IG: 83% and MIC: 40 μg/mL) and Diaporthe vochysiae CMRP4322 (IG: 75% and MIC: 1 μg/mL), both extracts also inhibited the development of post-bloom fruit drop symptoms in citrus flowers. The extracts were promising in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. citricarpa and reducing the production of pycnidia in citrus leaves. Among the isolates that showed activity, the genus Diaporthe was the most common, including the new species D. cerradensis described in this study. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography, UV detection, and mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography analyzes of extracts produced by endophytes that showed high activity, indicated D. vochysiae CMRP4322 and P. stromaticum CMRP4328 as promising strains that produce new bioactive natural products. We report here the capacity of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants to produce secondary metabolites with biological activities against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The description of the new species D. cerradensis, reinforces the ability of medicinal plants found in Brazil to host a diverse group of fungi with biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucélia Iantas
- Postgraduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Biomedicine, Centro Universitário Católica de Santa Catarina, Joinville, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renata da Silva Schibelbein
- Postgraduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sandriele Aparecida Noriler
- Postgraduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Dilarri
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Postgraduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Diversity, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060859. [PMID: 32517286 PMCID: PMC7356110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various diseases. The secondary metabolites responsible for the pharmacological properties can be produced directly by the plant or by endophytic fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of different parts of S. terebinthifolius and to identify chemical compounds produced by endophytes and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. For this, fruits, stem bark and roots were dried, ground and placed in fungal growth medium. The selected endophytes were grown and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate. DPPH, FRAP, β-carotene bleaching and antimicrobial assays were performed. The phylogenetic tree was elaborated, encompassing 15 different species. The fungal extracts showed hydroxybenzoic acids and 1-dodecanol as predominant compounds. All fungal extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The fungal extracts exhibited bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial ATCC strains and against methicillin-resistant nosocomial bacteria. Among the 10 endophytic fungi evaluated, the extract of the fungus Ochrocladosporium elatum showed higher phenolic content and exhibited higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in all tests. Together, the results increase the known diversity of S. terebinthifolius endophytic fungi, secondary metabolites produced and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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Savi DC, Noriler SA, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Rohr J, Glienke C, Shaaban KA. Dihydroisocoumarins produced by Diaporthe cf. heveae LGMF1631 inhibiting citrus pathogens. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:381-392. [PMID: 31401763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus black spot (CBS) and post-bloom fruit drop (PFD), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa and Colletotrichum abscissum, respectively, are two important citrus diseases worldwide. CBS depreciates the market value and prevents exportation of citrus fruits to Europe. PFD under favorable climatic conditions can cause the abscission of flowers, thereby reducing citrus production by 80%. An ecofriendly alternative to control plant diseases is the use of endophytic microorganisms, or secondary metabolites produced by them. Strain LGMF1631, close related to Diaporthe cf. heveae 1, was isolated from the medicinal plant Stryphnodendron adstringens and showed significant antimicrobial activity, in a previous study. In view of the potential presented by strain LGMF1631, and the absence of chemical data for secondary metabolites produced by D. cf. heveae, we decided to characterize the compounds produced by strain LGMF1631. Based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB phylogenetic analysis, strain LGMF1631 was confirmed to belong to D. cf. heveae 1. Chemical assessment of the fungal strain LGMF1631 revealed one new seco-dihydroisocoumarin [cladosporin B (1)] along with six other related, already known dihydroisocoumarin derivatives and one monoterpene [(-)-(1S,2R,3S,4R)-p-menthane-1,2,3-triol (8)]. Among the isolated metabolites, compound 5 drastically reduced the growth of both phytopathogens in vitro and completely inhibited the development of CBS and PFD in citrus fruits and flowers. In addition, compound 5 did not show toxicity against human cancer cell lines or citrus leaves, at concentrations higher than used for the inhibition of the phytopathogens, suggesting the potential use of (-)-(3R,4R)-cis-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (5) to control citrus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sandriele Aparecida Noriler
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Gos FMW, Thorson JS, Glienke C, Rohr J. Secondary metabolites produced by Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 with antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:453-460. [PMID: 30565048 PMCID: PMC6531336 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is one of the most important citrus diseases in subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, and fruits with CBS lesions are still subject to quarantine regulations in the European Union. Despite the high application of fungicides, the disease remains present in the citrus crops of Central and South America. In order to find alternatives to help control CBS and reduce the use of fungicides, we explored the antifungal potential of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant Vochysia divergens found in the Pantanal biome. Two different culture media and temperatures were selected to identify the most efficient conditions for the production of active secondary metabolites. The metabolites produced by strain Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 cultured in SG medium at 36 °C considerably inhibited the development of P. citricarpa. Three isoflavones and five diketopiperazines were identified, and the compounds 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-genistein and 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-daidzein showed high activity against P. citricarpa, with the MIC of 33 μg/mL and inhibited the production of asexual spores of P. citricarpa on leaves and citrus fruits. Compounds that inhibit conidia formation may be a promising alternative to reduce the use of fungicides in the control of CBS lesions, especially in regions where sexual reproduction does not occur, as in the USA. Our data suggest the use of Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 or its metabolites as an ecological alternative to be used in association with the fungicides for the control of CBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Francielly M W Gos
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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Combinational Effect of Rumex tingitanus (Polygonaceae) Hexane Extract and Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxin against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3895834. [PMID: 30175130 PMCID: PMC6106810 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3895834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing insect resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins is a serious problem which makes it urgent to look for new eco-friendly strategies. Combining these toxins with other biomolecules is one of the promising strategies against insect pests. In this work, we evaluated the bioinsecticidal potential of Rumex tingitanus extracts and B. thuringiensis strain BLB250 against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The chemical composition of the hexane extract, the most active fraction, was analyzed to validate the correlation between chemical composition and biological activity. Among the tested extracts, only the hexanic extract showed toxicity against first and second instar larvae with LC50 of 2.56 and 2.95 mg g−1, respectively. The Bacillus thuringiensis BLB250 delta-endotoxins showed toxicity with an LC50 of 56.3 μg g−1. Therefore, the investigated combinational effect of BLB250 delta-endotoxins and R. tingitanus hexane extract proved significant synergistic effect against S. littoralis larvae. The GC-MS analysis of R. tingitanus hexane extract showed the richness of this extract in phytosterols such as β and γ-sitosterol (48.91%), campesterol (6.43%), and β-amyrin (8.92%) which are known for their insecticidal activity. This novel finding highlights the potential use of this combination against insect pests to prevent the appearance of resistance problems.
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Noriler SA, Savi DC, Aluizio R, Palácio-Cortes AM, Possiede YM, Glienke C. Bioprospecting and Structure of Fungal Endophyte Communities Found in the Brazilian Biomes, Pantanal, and Cerrado. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1526. [PMID: 30087658 PMCID: PMC6066559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been recognized as hosts of high diverse endophytic microorganisms, including fungi that produce secondary metabolites with biological activity. Two biomes in Brazil, Pantanal (wetland), and Cerrado (savannah), are known as biodiversity hotspots, and despite their importance as a reservoir for several species, knowledge about the fungal biodiversity in these biomes is very limited. Fungal endophytic communities associated with leaves and petioles of the medicinal plants Vochysia divergens (from Pantanal) and Stryphnodendron adstringens (from Cerrado) were analyzed and studied for their antimicrobial activity against human and plant pathogens. A total of 1,146 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from plants collected in January and June of 2016 and grouped into 124 morphotypes. One isolate of each morphotype was identified by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene, which revealed the presence of 24 genera, including 3 possible new genera, and 48 taxa. Differences in the endophytic community according to the biomes were observed concerning the analyzed morphotypes. However, when we analyzed the diversity of genera and richness, they were similar for both plants, with Diaporthe, Phyllosticta, and Neofusicoccum as dominant genera. In addition, the community composition of V. divergens differs according to the analyzed plant tissues (petiole and leaf). These data suggested that both, the plant species and plant tissues play a role in the composition of endophytic community. As regards the biotechnological potential, 5 isolates showed activity against the phytopathogens Phyllosticta citricarpa, Colletotrichum abscissum, and Fusarium verticilioides, and 8 isolates showed high activity against clinical pathogens and were selected for the production of crude extract in different culture media. Extract from cultivation of Diaporthe sp. LGMF1548 and LGMF1583 and Neofusicoccum brasiliense LGMF1535 showed activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebssiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans. In addition, extracts of Diaporthe cf. heveae LGMF1631 inhibited 90% of the mycelial growth of the P. citricarpa and 70% of C. abscissum and may represent an alternative to be used in the biological control of these phytopathogens. Future research will focus on the chemical characterization and structural elucidation of these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiani C. Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aluizio
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Yvelise M. Possiede
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Yan DH, Song X, Li H, Luo T, Dou G, Strobel G. Antifungal Activities of Volatile Secondary Metabolites of Four Diaporthe Strains Isolated from Catharanthus roseus. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:E65. [PMID: 29848985 PMCID: PMC6023506 DOI: 10.3390/jof4020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four endophytic fungi were isolated from the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus, and were identified as Diaporthe spp. with partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), beta-tubulin (TUB), histone H3 (HIS), calmodulin (CAL) genes, and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (TEF1-TUB-HIS--CAL-ITS) multigene phylogeny suggested for species delimitation in the Diaporthe genus. Each fungus produces a unique mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with an abundant mixture of terpenoids analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber-GC/MS. These tentatively-detected terpenes included α-muurolene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, and α-thujene, as well as other minor terpenoids, including caryophyllene, patchoulene, cedrene, 2-carene, and thujone. The volatile metabolites of each isolate showed antifungal properties against a wide range of plant pathogenic test fungi and oomycetes, including Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum, and Phytophthora cinnamomi. The growth inhibition of the pathogens varied between 10% and 60% within 72 h of exposure. To our knowledge, the endophytic Diaporthe-like strains are first reported from Catharanthus roseus. VOCs produced by each strain of the endophytic Diaporthe fungi were unique components with dominant monoterpenes comparing to known Diaporthe fungal VOCs. A discussion is presented on the inhibitive bioactivities of secondary metabolites among endophytic Diaporthe fungi and this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Yan
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Hongchang Li
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Tushou Luo
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Guiming Dou
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Gary Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Pattnaik SS, Ranganathan S, Ampasala DR, Syed A, Ameen F, Busi S. Attenuation of quorum sensing regulated virulence and biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by Diaporthe phaseolorum SSP12. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:177-189. [PMID: 29571725 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 emerged as the significant pathogenic microorganism in majority of the hospital-acquired infections due to its resistance to the conventional antibiotics by virtue of its highly organized quorum sensing and associated biofilm formation. In the present study, quorum sensing attenuation potential of Diaporthe phaseolorum SSP12 extract was investigated against P. aeruginosa PAO1 amply supported by molecular docking studies. D. phaseolorum SSP12 extract significantly inhibited the production of LasI/R mediated LasA protease, LasB elastase and chitinase with 66.52 ± 5.41, 71.26 ± 4.58 and 61.16 ± 4.28% of inhibition respectively at a concentration of 750 μg mL-1. In addition, RhlI/R mediated production of pyocyanin, exopolysaccharides and rhamnolipids were also down-regulated by 74.71 ± 3.97, 66.41 ± 3.62 and 63.75 ± 3.76% respectively on treatment with sub-MIC concentration of D. phaseolorum SSP12. The light, fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis confirmed the significant disruption in biofilm formation. The presence of bioactive constituents such as phenyl ethylalcohol, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, fenaclon, 1, 4-phenylenediacetic acid, and benzyl hydrazine in D. phaseolorum SSP12 extract was evident from Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometric (GC-MS) analysis. From the in silico molecular docking studies, fenaclon and 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol competitively binds to QS receptors LasR and RhlR and alters the binding of its cognate ligands and modulates the expression of virulence phenotypes. The promising anti quorum sensing efficacy of D. phaseolorum SSP12 extract suggested new avenues for development of anti-infective drugs from fungal derived metabolites to counteract the problems associated with conventional antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Swaraj Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - SampathKumar Ranganathan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Dinakara Rao Ampasala
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Gos FMWR, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Glienke C, Rohr J. Phaeophleospora vochysiae Savi & Glienke sp. nov. Isolated from Vochysia divergens Found in the Pantanal, Brazil, Produces Bioactive Secondary Metabolites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3122. [PMID: 29449610 PMCID: PMC5814415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms associated with plants are highly diverse and can produce a large number of secondary metabolites, with antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and cytotoxic activities. We are particularly interested in exploring endophytes from medicinal plants found in the Pantanal, a unique and widely unexplored wetland in Brazil. In a bio-prospecting study, strains LGMF1213 and LGMF1215 were isolated as endophytes from Vochysia divergens, and by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses were characterized as Phaeophleospora vochysiae sp. nov. The chemical assessment of this species reveals three major compounds with high biological activity, cercoscosporin (1), isocercosporin (2) and the new compound 3-(sec-butyl)-6-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone (3). Besides the isolation of P. vochysiae as endophyte, the production of cercosporin compounds suggest that under specific conditions this species causes leaf spots, and may turn into a pathogen, since leaf spots are commonly caused by species of Cercospora that produce related compounds. In addition, the new compound 3-(sec-butyl)-6-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone showed considerable antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity, which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani C Savi
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210. CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Francielly Maria Wilke Ramos Gos
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210. CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210. CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.
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Gos FMWR, Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Thorson JS, Aluizio R, Possiede YM, Rohr J, Glienke C. Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vochysia divergens (Pantanal, Brazil). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1642. [PMID: 28932210 PMCID: PMC5592219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM). However, to date, the knowledge about endophytes from Brazil remains scarce. Thus, we analyzed the antimicrobial potential of 10 actinomycetes isolated from the medicinal plant Vochysia divergens located in the Pantanal sul-mato-grossense, an unexplored wetland in Brazil. Strains were classified as belonging to the Aeromicrobium, Actinomadura, Microbacterium, Microbispora, Micrococcus, Sphaerisporangium, Streptomyces, and Williamsia genera, through morphological and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyzes. A susceptibility analysis demonstrated that the strains were largely resistant to the antibiotics oxacillin and nalidixic acid. Additionally, different culture media (SG and R5A), and temperatures (28 and 36°C) were evaluated to select the best culture conditions to produce the active SM. All conditions were analyzed for active metabolites, and the best antibacterial activity was observed from metabolites produced with SG medium at 36°C. The LGMB491 (close related to Aeromicrobium ponti) extract showed the highest activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL, and it was selected for SM identification. Strain LGMB491 produced 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1), indole-3-carbaldehyde (2), 3-(hydroxyacetyl)-indole (4), brevianamide F (5), and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (6) as major compounds with antibacterial activity. In this study, we add to the knowledge about the endophytic community from the medicinal plant V. divergens and report the isolation of rare actinomycetes that produce highly active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiani C. Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Aluizio
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Yvelise M. Possiede
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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