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Oliveira JGDS, Costa ASDS, Ferreira IV, Carvalho MDO, Siqueira JAM, Aires CAM. Human norovirus in Brazil: an update of reports in different settings. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01444-5. [PMID: 39012425 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is an important etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis and has become even more relevant in Brazil after the implementation of the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in 2006 through the public health system, now representing a significant portion of the etiology of acute diarrheal diseases. Although diagnosing acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus is a relatively simple process, and the infection tends to be self-limited, the virus can be considerably harmful to vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The spread of norovirus is also particularly favorable among such groups due to its mode of transmission, favored by cluttered environments such as in hospitals and densely populated regions. Additionally, norovirus' ability to spread through water and food creates the need for measures to ensure adequate sanitation and the development of effective measures to prevent outbreaks and severe manifestations of the disease. This review aims to address the main reports of human norovirus detected in Brazil over the years, focusing on clinical-hospital, food-related, and urban conglomerate contexts, including the circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Vincenzi Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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Cantelli CP, Silva MR, Pimenta LM, Tavares GCL, Baduy GA, Duch AAS, Menezes LDM, Fialho AM, Maranhão AG, Fumian TM, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG. Evaluation of Extraction Methods to Detect Noroviruses in Ready-to-Eat Raw Milk Minas Artisanal Cheese. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:188-199. [PMID: 38441780 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess two homogenization methods to recover norovirus from Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) made with raw bovine milk obtained from four microregions of the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, with different ripening times and geographical and abiotic characteristics. For this purpose, 33 fiscal samples were artificially contaminated with norovirus GI and GII, and Mengovirus (MgV), used as an internal process control (IPC). TRIzol® reagent and Proteinase K homogenization methods were evaluated for all samples were then subjected to RNA extraction using viral magnetic beads and RT-qPCR Taqman® for viral detection/quantification. Proteinase K method showed better efficiency results for both norovirus GI and GII, with means recovery efficiency of 45.7% (95% CI 34.3-57.2%) and 41.4% (95% CI 29.1-53.6%), respectively, when compared to TRIzol method (16.6% GI, 95% CI 8.4-24.9%, and 12.3% GII, 95% CI 7.0-17.6%). The limits of detection for norovirus GI and GII for this method were 101GC/g and 103GC/g, respectively, independent of cheese origin. MgV was detected and revealed in 100% success rate in all types of cheese, with mean recovery efficiency of 25.6% for Proteinase K, and 3.8% for the TRIzol method. According to cheese origin, Triangulo Mineiro MAC had the highest mean recovery rates for the three viral targets surveyed (89% GI, 87% GII, and 51% MgV), while Serro MAC showed the lowest rates (p < 0.001). Those results indicate that the proteinase K adapted method is suitable for norovirus GI and GII detection in MAC and corroborated MgV as an applicable IPC to be used during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Pacheco Cantelli
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | | | - Laís Marques Pimenta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Caetano Lanzieri Tavares
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Assad Baduy
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonçalves Maranhão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Luz IS, Miagostovich MP. Evaluation of heat treatment for inactivation of norovirus genogroup II in foods. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1159-1165. [PMID: 35312990 PMCID: PMC9433490 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective food processing technology is a key step in eliminating human noroviruses in foods mainly due to their stability in diverse environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rising temperatures for inactivation of norovirus genogroup (G) II and murine norovirus 1 in samples of tomato sauce (72-74 °C for 1 min) and ground meat (100 °C for 30 min). Spiking experiments were carried out in triplicate using TRIzol® reagent method associated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) TaqMan™ system combined with previous free RNA digestion. Success rate and efficiency recoveries of both viruses as well limit of detection of a method for each matrix were also conducted. The heat treatment applied here proved to be efficient to reduce the burden of norovirus GII in a range of 1-4 log10 genomic copies per gram (percentage ranging from 0.45 to 104.54%) in both matrices. The experiments in this study showed that the results of norovirus GII and murine norovirus 1 in tomato sauce and ground meat tested during thermal treatments cannot be generalized to other food matrices, since there may be food-specific protective effects, as the presence of different components, that can interfere in virus inactivation. Studies using different food matrices reinforce the importance to investigate viruses' inactivation thermal processes in foods due to the resistance of these viruses to adverse conditions, contributing to food security in food virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S Luz
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Marize P Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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Silva MR, Ferreira FC, Maranhão AG, Lanzarini NM, de Carvalho Castro KN, Miagostovich MP. Assessment of Viral Contamination of Five Brazilian Artisanal Cheese Produced from Raw Milk: a Randomized Survey. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:528-534. [PMID: 34318441 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses have been described as important contaminants in fresh and ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches, deli meat and dairy products. This is a cross-sectional randomized survey to estimate the prevalence of norovirus and human adenovirus (HAdV) from 100 Brazilian artisanal raw milk cheese samples (Minas and Coalho) obtained from different agroindustries in four producing regions in the states of Minas Gerais and one in Piauí, respectively. From October 2017 to April 2018, norovirus genogroups I and II and HAdV were investigated in these cheese samples by RT-qPCR and qPCR, respectively. Viruses were detected in 43 samples, being 26 norovirus GI strains, 14 HAdV, and 3 both viruses. Norovirus GII strains were not detected. Viral concentrations ranged from 6.17 × 104 to 1.44 × 107 genome copies/L-1 and murine norovirus 1 used as internal process control showed 100% success rate of recovery with efficiency of 10%. There was a trend towards a higher positivity rate for both viruses in the rainy season, and HAdV were more commonly found among samples with higher fecal coliform counts. This study is a first step in assessing the risk that this contamination may pose to the consumer of raw products as well as emphasizing the need for good manufacturing practices, quality control systems in the dairy industry and markets. As a randomized survey, we established baseline figures for viruses' prevalence in five types of ready-to-eat raw milk artisanal Brazilian cheese, to allow any monitoring trends, setting control targets and future local risk analyses studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando César Ferreira
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonçalves Maranhão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Maria Lanzarini
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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Delorme MM, Pimentel TC, Freitas MQ, da Cunha DT, Silva R, Guimarães JT, Scudino H, Esmerino EA, Duarte MCKH, Cruz AG. Consumer innovativeness and perception about innovative processing technologies: A case study with sliced Prato cheese processed by ultraviolet radiation. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Delorme
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói 24230‐340Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Pimentel
- Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR) Campus Paranavaí Paranavaí Paraná 87506‐370Brazil
| | | | - Diogo T da Cunha
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira 13484‐350Brazil
| | - Ramon Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói 24230‐340Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos Rio de Janeiro 20270‐021 Brazil
| | - Jonas Toledo Guimarães
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói 24230‐340Brazil
| | - Hugo Scudino
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói 24230‐340Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriano G Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos Rio de Janeiro 20270‐021 Brazil
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da Silva DAF, Vallim DC, Rosas CDO, de Mello VM, Brandão MLL, de Filippis I. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains collected in Brazil by Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:316-324. [PMID: 33063325 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen with the ability to adapt to different environmental conditions, resulting in safety issues for food producers. Foods contaminated by L. monocytogenes can represent a risk if consumed by susceptible individuals such as elderly, pregnant women and the immunocompromised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of a collection of L. monocytogenes isolated from different matrices in Brazil during the period of 1979-2015. A total of 51 L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains isolated from clinical samples (n = 3) and food samples (n = 48) were characterized by Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing (MVLST). The strains were assigned to nine virulence types (VT): VT-11 (n = 3, 5·9%), VT-45 (n = 27, 52·9%), VT-59 (n = 11, 21·6%), VT-68 (n = 3, 5·9%), VT-94 (n = 2, 3·9%), VT-107 (n = 2, 3·9%), VT-184 (n = 1, 1·9%), VT-185 (n = 1, 1·9%) and VT-186 (n = 1, 1·9%); and four of them (VT-11, VT-45, VT-59 and VT-68) have already been associated with cases of listeriosis worldwide. The VT-11, VT-59 (Epidemic Clone V) and VT-186 were identified in blood culture samples, as well as in different classes of foods. It is recommended that the epidemiological surveillance agencies evaluate the risk that foods contaminated with L. monocytogenes VTs pose to susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A F da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D C Vallim
- Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonoses - Listeria Sector, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C D O Rosas
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V M de Mello
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M L L Brandão
- Laboratory of Microbiology Control, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I de Filippis
- Laboratory of Reference Microorganisms, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Luz IDS, Vasconcellos L, Medeiros VDM, Miranda CAC, Rosas CDO, Pimenta MMA, Ferreira FC, Romão CMCPA, Brandão MLL, Miagostovich MP. Assessment of the microbiological quality of natural mineral waters according to the manufacturing time of 20 L returnable packs in Brazil. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5873008. [PMID: 32678435 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of natural mineral waters commercialized in 20 L returnable packs in Brazil by investigating the presence of bacteria and viruses in packs with different manufacturing times (Tm). With this purpose, 99 water samples from 33 lots (n = 3/batch) of 15 brands, obtained from packs with three intervals of Tm, were analyzed. Total coliforms (16.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.9%), sulphite-reducing Clostridium (5.0%) and Escherichia coli (2.0%) were detected but enterococci and norovirus GII not. Regarding brands, 11 (73.3%) presented unsatisfactory results for at least one of the lots analyzed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysis revealed six sequence types and strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested and were able to produce biofilms. Human adenovirus (4) and norovirus GI (9) were also identified in nine samples randomly selected. Natural mineral waters commercialized in 20 L packs with Tm ≥ 2 years presented more microbiological contamination (P ≤ 0.012) than ones with a Tm of 0-1 year or a Tm of 1-2 years. These results suggest that the validity period of reusable 20 L packs should be reduced or that they can no longer be reused.
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