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Xu D, Wang Z, Zhuang W, Zhang F, Xie Y, Wang T. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of BAHD Acyltransferase Family in Taxus mairei. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3777. [PMID: 38612586 PMCID: PMC11011543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BAHD acyltransferases are involved in catalyzing and regulating the secondary metabolism in plants. Despite this, the members of BAHD family and their functions have not been reported in the Taxus species. In this study, a total of 123 TwBAHD acyltransferases from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei genome were identified and divided into six clades based on phylogenetic analysis, of which Clade VI contained a Taxus-specific branch of 52 members potentially involved in taxol biosynthesis. Most TwBAHDs from the same clade shared similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Besides the typical conserved motifs within the BAHD family, the YPLAGR motif was also conserved in multiple clades of T. mairei. Moreover, only one pair of tandem duplicate genes was found on chromosome 1, with a Ka/Ks ratio < 1, indicating that the function of duplicate genes did not differentiate significantly. RNA-seq analysis revealed different expression patterns of TwBAHDs in MeJA induction and tissue-specific expression experiments. Several TwBAHD genes in the Taxus-specific branch were highly expressed in different tissues of T. mairei, suggesting an important role in the taxol pathway. This study provides comprehensive information for the TwBAHD gene family and sets up a basis for its potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
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Subban K, Kempken F. Insights into Taxol® biosynthesis by endophytic fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6151-6162. [PMID: 37606790 PMCID: PMC10560151 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
There have been two hundred reports that endophytic fungi produce Taxol®, but its production yield is often rather low. Although considerable efforts have been made to increase Taxol/taxanes production in fungi by manipulating cocultures, mutagenesis, genome shuffles, and gene overexpression, little is known about the molecular signatures of Taxol biosynthesis and its regulation. It is known that some fungi have orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, but the overall architecture of this pathway is unknown. A biosynthetic putative gene homology approach, combined with genomics and transcriptomics analysis, revealed that a few genes for metabolite residues may be located on dispensable chromosomes. This review explores a number of crucial topics (i) finding biosynthetic pathway genes using precursors, elicitors, and inhibitors; (ii) orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway for rate-limiting genes/enzymes; and (iii) genomics and transcriptomics can be used to accurately predict biosynthetic putative genes and regulators. This provides promising targets for future genetic engineering approaches to produce fungal Taxol and precursors. KEY POINTS: • A recent trend in predicting Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi. • Understanding the Taxol biosynthetic pathway and related enzymes in fungi. • The genetic evidence and formation of taxane from endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Kempken
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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REN J, WU Y, ZHU Z, CHEN R, ZHANG L. Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:761-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Huang JJ, Wei T, Ye ZW, Zheng QW, Jiang BH, Han WF, Ye AQ, Han PY, Guo LQ, Lin JF. Microbial Cell Factory of Baccatin III Preparation in Escherichia coli by Increasing DBAT Thermostability and in vivo Acetyl-CoA Supply. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803490. [PMID: 35095813 PMCID: PMC8790024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the rapid development of genome mining in this decade, the substrate channel of paclitaxel might be identified in the near future. A robust microbial cell factory with gene dbat, encoding a key rate-limiting enzyme 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-transferase (DBAT) in paclitaxel biosynthesis to synthesize the precursor baccatin III, will lay out a promising foundation for paclitaxel de novo synthesis. Here, we integrated gene dbat into the wild-type Escherichia coli BW25113 to construct strain BWD01. Yet, it was relatively unstable in baccatin III synthesis. Mutant gene dbat S189V with improved thermostability was screened out from a semi-rational mutation library of DBAT. When it was over-expressed in an engineered strain N05 with improved acetyl-CoA generation, combined with carbon source optimization of fermentation engineering, the production level of baccatin III was significantly increased. Using this combination, integrated strain N05S01 with mutant dbat S189V achieved a 10.50-fold increase in baccatin III production compared with original strain BWD01. Our findings suggest that the combination of protein engineering and metabolic engineering will become a promising strategy for paclitaxel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-jun Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-wei Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-wang Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wen-feng Han
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-qi Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-yun Han
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Screening of Acetyl Donors and the Robust Enzymatic Synthesis of Acetyl-CoA by 10-Deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is the precursor of many bio-manufacturing products and is also the hub of the cellular metabolism of energy and substances. However, acetyl-CoA is not a bulk commodity and its application is hindered due to its high cost and low yield. In this study, we screened acetyl donor candidates and utilized 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT) in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA with CoASH as the acetyl acceptor. Among the tested candidates, acetylsalicylic acid methyl ester was identified to be the best acetyl donor, followed by acetyl-trans-resveratrol, acetylsalicylic acid ethyl ester, acetylsalicylsalicylic acid, and 4-acetoxyacetanilide. The enzymatic reaction conditions were optimized and the maximum yield of acetyl-CoA reached 14.82 mg/mL, which is the highest yield among all reported approaches to date. Meanwhile, 4.22 mg/mL of the by-product salicylic acid methyl ester, which is another industrial material, was produced. Additionally, a preliminary purification process for acetyl-CoA was established, in which 40 mg acetyl-CoA (HPLC purity > 98%) was acquired from the finished 20 mL reaction system (feeding 46 mg CoASH and 34 mg ASME) with a recovery rate of 86%. Our study lays the foundation for the large-scale production of acetyl-CoA by an enzymatic approach and will promote its application in different fields.
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Wang T, Li L, Zhuang W, Zhang F, Shu X, Wang N, Wang Z. Recent Research Progress in Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway and Acylation Reactions Mediated by Taxus Acyltransferases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102855. [PMID: 34065782 PMCID: PMC8151764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most effective anticancer drugs in the world that is widely used in the treatments of breast, lung and ovarian cancer. The elucidation of the taxol biosynthetic pathway is the key to solve the problem of taxol supply. So far, the taxol biosynthetic pathway has been reported to require an estimated 20 steps of enzymatic reactions, and sixteen enzymes involved in the taxol pathway have been well characterized, including a novel taxane-10β-hydroxylase (T10βOH) and a newly putative β-phenylalanyl-CoA ligase (PCL). Moreover, the source and formation of the taxane core and the details of the downstream synthetic pathway have been basically depicted, while the modification of the core taxane skeleton has not been fully reported, mainly concerning the developments from diol intermediates to 2-debenzoyltaxane. The acylation reaction mediated by specialized Taxus BAHD family acyltransferases (ACTs) is recognized as one of the most important steps in the modification of core taxane skeleton that contribute to the increase of taxol yield. Recently, the influence of acylation on the functional and structural diversity of taxanes has also been continuously revealed. This review summarizes the latest research advances of the taxol biosynthetic pathway and systematically discusses the acylation reactions supported by Taxus ACTs. The underlying mechanism could improve the understanding of taxol biosynthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the mass production of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Lingyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-84347055
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Chakravarthi BVSK, Singh S, Kamalraj S, Gupta VK, Jayabaskaran C. Evaluation of spore inoculum and confirmation of pathway genetic blueprint of T13αH and DBAT from a Taxol-producing endophytic fungus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21139. [PMID: 33273486 PMCID: PMC7712836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxol (paclitaxel), a plant-derived anticancer drug, has been among the most successful anticancer drugs of natural origin. Endophytic fungi have been proposed as a prominent alternative source for Taxol and its intermediate Baccatin III, however the very low yields remain a hinderance to their commercial utilization. Significant research efforts towards this end are underway globally. Here, we report the results on our earlier reported Taxol-producing endophytic fungus, Fusarium solani from the standpoint of spores as seed inoculum and media selection for enhanced Taxol and baccatin III yields. Spores produced on M1D medium with 94.76% viability were used for further media optimization for Taxol and Baccatin III production in five different liquid media under static and shaker condition at different cultivation days. Taxol and Baccatin III when quantified through competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA), showed maximum production at 136.3 µg L−1 and 128.3 µg L−1, respectively in the modified flask basal broth (MFBB) under shaking condition. Further, two important genes of this pathway, namely taxane 13α-hydroxylase (T13αH) and 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT) have been identified in this fungus. These findings are hoped to assist in further manipulation and metabolic engineering of the parent F. solani strain towards the enhanced production of Taxol and baccatin III.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satpal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subban Kamalraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), SRUC Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries, DG1 3NE, UK
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Evaluation of the anticancer activity of enzymatically synthesized Baccatin III: an intermediate precursor of Taxol®. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:465. [PMID: 33088661 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baccatin III is an important precursor for the synthesis of clinically important anticancer drug Taxol. Previously, we have characterized a key enzyme of 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT) which catalyses the 10-deacetylbaccatin III into baccatin III in taxol biosynthesis. Here, in the present study, we have evaluated and compared the cytotoxic properties of the enzymatically synthesized baccatin III (ESB III) with standard baccatin III in different human cancer cell lines, namely human cervical cancer (HeLa), human lung cancer (A549), human skin cancer (A431) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2). Among the various cancer lines tested, HeLa was more susceptible to ESB III with IC50 of 4.30 µM while IC50 values for A549, A431 and HepG2 ranged from 4 to 7.81 µM. Further, it showed G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, production of reactive oxygen species and depolarised mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, annexin V-FITC staining was performed which showed the apoptotic cell death of HeLa cells, when treated with ESB III. Hence, ESB III was capable to show anticancer activities by inducing apoptotic cell death which could further be used for the semisynthesis of taxol in future.
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