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Rømer Villumsen K, Allahghadry T, Karwańska M, Frey J, Bojesen AM. Quinolone Resistance in Gallibacterium anatis Determined by Mutations in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:903. [PMID: 37237806 PMCID: PMC10215703 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of the important pathogen, Gallibacterium anatis, which causes salpingitis and peritonitis in poultry, relies on treatment using antimicrobial compounds. Among these, quinolones and fluoroquinolones have been used extensively, leading to a rise in the prevalence of resistant strains. The molecular mechanisms leading to quinolone resistance, however, have not previously been described for G. anatis, which is the aim of this study. The present study combines phenotypic antimicrobial resistance data with genomic sequence data from a collection of G. anatis strains isolated from avian hosts between 1979 and 2020. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for nalidixic acid, as well as for enrofloxacin for each included strain. In silico analyses included genome-wide queries for genes known to convey resistance towards quinolones, identification of variable positions in the primary structure of quinolone protein targets and structural prediction models. No resistance genes known to confer resistance to quinolones were identified. Yet, a total of nine positions in the quinolone target protein subunits (GyrA, GyrB, ParC and ParE) displayed substantial variation and were further analyzed. By combining variation patterns with observed resistance patterns, positions 83 and 87 in GyrA, as well as position 88 in ParC, appeared to be linked to increased resistance towards both quinolones included. As no notable differences in tertiary structure were observed between subunits of resistant and sensitive strains, the mechanism behind the observed resistance is likely due to subtle shifts in amino acid side chain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Rømer Villumsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Toloe Allahghadry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Magdalena Karwańska
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joachim Frey
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Yang C, Han J, Berglund B, Zou H, Gu C, Zhao L, Meng C, Zhang H, Ma X, Li X. Dissemination of bla NDM-5 and mcr-8.1 in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae in an animal breeding area in Eastern China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1030490. [PMID: 36338046 PMCID: PMC9627307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal farms have become one of the most important reservoirs of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp. (CRK) owing to the wide usage of veterinary antibiotics. "One Health"-studies observing animals, the environment, and humans are necessary to understand the dissemination of CRK in animal breeding areas. Based on the concept of "One-Health," 263 samples of animal feces, wastewater, well water, and human feces from 60 livestock and poultry farms in Shandong province, China were screened for CRK. Five carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and three carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (CRKQ) strains were isolated from animal feces, human feces, and well water. The eight strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. All strains carried the carbapenemase-encoding gene bla NDM-5, which was flanked by the same core genetic structure (IS5-bla NDM-5-ble MBL-trpF-dsbD-IS26-ISKox3) and was located on highly related conjugative IncX3 plasmids. The colistin resistance gene mcr-8.1 was carried by three CRKP and located on self-transmissible IncFII(K)/IncFIA(HI1) and IncFII(pKP91)/IncFIA(HI1) plasmids. The genetic context of mcr-8.1 consisted of IS903-orf-mcr-8.1-copR-baeS-dgkA-orf-IS903 in three strains. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis confirmed the clonal spread of CRKP carrying-bla NDM-5 and mcr-8.1 between two human workers in the same chicken farm. Additionally, the SNP analysis showed clonal expansion of CRKP and CRKQ strains from well water in different farms, and the clonal CRKP was clonally related to isolates from animal farms and a wastewater treatment plant collected in other studies in the same province. These findings suggest that CRKP and CRKQ are capable of disseminating via horizontal gene transfer and clonal expansion and may pose a significant threat to public health unless preventative measures are taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huiyun Zou
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Gu
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianjun Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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