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Teatero S, McGeer A, Tyrrell GJ, Hoang L, Smadi H, Domingo MC, Levett PN, Finkelstein M, Dewar K, Plevneshi A, Athey TBT, Gubbay JB, Mulvey MR, Martin I, Demczuk W, Fittipaldi N. Canada-Wide Epidemic of emm74 Group A Streptococcus Invasive Disease. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy085. [PMID: 29780850 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections due to hitherto extremely rare type emm74 strains has increased in several Canadian provinces since late 2015. We hypothesized that the cases recorded in the different provinces are linked and caused by strains of an emm74 clone that recently emerged and expanded explosively. Methods We analyzed both active and passive surveillance data for iGAS infections and used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the emm74 strains responsible for these invasive infections country-wide. Results Genome analysis showed that highly clonal emm74 strains, genetically different from emm74 organisms previously circulating in Canada, were responsible for a country-wide epidemic of >160 invasive disease cases. The emerging clone belonged to multilocus sequence typing ST120. The analysis also revealed dissemination patterns of emm74 subclonal lineages across Canadian provinces. Clinical data analysis indicated that the emm74 epidemic disproportionally affected middle-aged or older male individuals. Homelessness, alcohol abuse, and intravenous drug usage were significantly associated with invasive emm74 infections. Conclusions In a period of 20 months, an emm74 GAS clone emerged and rapidly spread across several Canadian provinces located more than 4500 km apart, causing invasive infections primarily among disadvantaged persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Teatero
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Tyrrell
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linda Hoang
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanan Smadi
- New Brunswick Department of Health, Communicable Disease and Control, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Marc-Christian Domingo
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Paul N Levett
- Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Ken Dewar
- Genome Québec Innovation Centre, and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Walter Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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