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Li S, Ding Q, Zhang L, Shi F, Liu C, Li T, Shi Y, Qi M, Wang L, Dong B, Song S, Sun J, Kim JS, Li C. Gold core@CeO 2 halfshell Janus nanocomposites catalyze targeted sulfate radical for periodontitis therapy. J Control Release 2024; 370:600-613. [PMID: 38735394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The sulfate radical (SO4•-), known for its high reactivity and long lifespan, has emerged as a potent antimicrobial agent. Its exceptional energy allows for the disruption of vital structures and metabolic pathways in bacteria that are usually inaccessible to common radicals. Despite its promising potential, the efficient generation of this radical, particularly through methods involving enzymes and photocatalysis, remains a substantial challenge. Here, we capitalized on the peroxidase (POD)-mimicking activity and photocatalytic properties of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanozymes, integrating these properties with the enhanced concept of plasma gold nanorod (GNR) to develop a half-encapsulated core@shell GNRs@CeO2 Janus heterostructure impregnated with persulfate. Under near-infrared irradiation, the GNRs generate hot electrons, thereby boosting the CeO2's enzyme-like activity and initiating a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm. This distinct nanoarchitecture facilitates functional specialization, wherein the heterostructure and efficient light absorption ensured continuous hot electron flow, not only enhancing the POD-like activity of CeO2 for the production of SO4•- effectively, but also contributing a significant photothermal effect, disrupting periodontal plaque biofilm and effectively eradicating pathogens. Furthermore, the local temperature elevation synergistically enhances the POD-like activity of CeO2. Transcriptomics analysis, as well as animal experiments of the periodontitis model, have revealed that pathogens undergo genetic information destruction, metabolic disorders, and pathogenicity changes in the powerful ROS system, and profound therapeutic outcomes in vivo, including anti-inflammation and bone preservation. This study demonstrated that energy transfer to augment nanozyme activity, specifically targeting ROS generation, constitutes a significant advancement in antibacterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Qihang Ding
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Fangyu Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Manlin Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
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Shen J, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wei X, Wang Z, Han B. Osteogenic mechanism of chlorogenic acid and its application in clinical practice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396354. [PMID: 38873428 PMCID: PMC11169668 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polyphenols may have a role in counteracting oxidative stress, which is associated with aging and several bone-related diseases. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound formed by the esterification of caffeic and quininic acids with osteogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review discusses the potential of CGA to enhance osteogenesis by increasing the osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblast survival, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, as well as its ability to attenuate osteoclastogenesis by enhancing osteoclast apoptosis and impeding osteoclast regeneration. CGA can be involved in bone remodeling by acting directly on pro-osteoclasts/osteoblasts or indirectly on osteoclasts by activating the nuclear factor kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/acting osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Finally, we provide perspectives for using CGA to treat bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jia B, Zhang B, Li J, Qin J, Huang Y, Huang M, Ming Y, Jiang J, Chen R, Xiao Y, Du J. Emerging polymeric materials for treatment of oral diseases: design strategy towards a unique oral environment. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3273-3301. [PMID: 38507263 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases are prevalent but challenging diseases owing to the highly movable and wet, microbial and inflammatory environment. Polymeric materials are regarded as one of the most promising biomaterials due to their good compatibility, facile preparation, and flexible design to obtain multifunctionality. Therefore, a variety of strategies have been employed to develop materials with improved therapeutic efficacy by overcoming physicobiological barriers in oral diseases. In this review, we summarize the design strategies of polymeric biomaterials for the treatment of oral diseases. First, we present the unique oral environment including highly movable and wet, microbial and inflammatory environment, which hinders the effective treatment of oral diseases. Second, a series of strategies for designing polymeric materials towards such a unique oral environment are highlighted. For example, multifunctional polymeric materials are armed with wet-adhesive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions through advanced chemistry and nanotechnology to effectively treat oral diseases. These are achieved by designing wet-adhesive polymers modified with hydroxy, amine, quinone, and aldehyde groups to provide strong wet-adhesion through hydrogen and covalent bonding, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, by developing antimicrobial polymers including cationic polymers, antimicrobial peptides, and antibiotic-conjugated polymers, and by synthesizing anti-inflammatory polymers with phenolic hydroxy and cysteine groups that function as immunomodulators and electron donors to reactive oxygen species to reduce inflammation. Third, various delivery systems with strong wet-adhesion and enhanced mucosa and biofilm penetration capabilities, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, patches, and microneedles, are constructed for delivery of antibiotics, immunomodulators, and antioxidants to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide insights into challenges and future development of polymeric materials for oral diseases with promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jinlong Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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Zhu D, Qiao P, Zhou Q, Sun H, Xin B, Wu B, Tang C. Effect of 15 days -6° head-down bed rest on microbial communities of supragingival plaque in young men. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1331023. [PMID: 38328428 PMCID: PMC10849213 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1331023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in the microbial community of supragingival plaques to explore the effects of spaceflight microgravity environment on oral microecology. Methods Sixteen healthy male volunteers were recruited, and supragingival plaque samples were collected under -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) at five-time points: day 1 before HDBR; days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR; and day 6 of recovery. Bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using gene sequencing technology with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V3-V4 hypervariable region amplification and the obtained data were analyzed bioinformatically. Results Alpha diversity analysis showed a significant increase in species richness in supragingival plaque samples on day 15 of HDBR compared with that at pre-HDBR. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the community composition differed among the groups. Species distribution showed that, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundances of Corynebacterium and Aggregatibacter increased significantly during HDBR, while those of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Lautropia decreased significantly. Moreover, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundance of Leptotrichia increased significantly on day 6 of recovery, whereas the relative abundances of Porphyromonas and Streptococcus decreased significantly. Network analysis showed that the interaction relationship between the dominant genera became simpler during HDBR, and the positive and negative correlations between them showed dynamic changes. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis showed that the amino acid metabolism function of plaque microorganisms was more enriched during HDBR. Discussion In summary, in a 15-day simulated microgravity environment, the diversity, species distribution, interaction relationship, and metabolic function of the supragingival plaque microbial community changed, which suggests that microgravity may affect the oral microecosystem by changing the balance of supragingival plaque microbial communities and further leading to the occurrence and development of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- 306th Clinical College of PLA, The Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- 306th Clinical College of PLA, The Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingmu Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Human Circadian Rhythm and Sleep, Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Wu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhua Tang
- 306th Clinical College of PLA, The Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Dong Y, Lou F, Yan L, Luo S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lv S, Xu J, Kang N, Luo Z, Liu Y, Pu J, Ji P, Jin X. Salivary microbiota and metabolic phenotype of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38169073 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a prevalent oral mucosal disease, affecting around 20% of the global population. It can greatly impair the quality of life for affected individuals. However, the exact etiology of RAU remains unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 16S rRNA sequencing (16S rRNA-seq) and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were employed to investigate the salivary microbiota and metabolic phenotype between RAU patients (N = 61) and healthy controls (HCs) (N = 105). RESULTS Findings from 16S rRNA -seq indicated reduced oral microbial diversity in RAU patients compared to HCs, but increased interactions. Clinical variables did not show any significant association with the overall diversity of oral microbiota in RAU patients. However, significant correlations were observed between specific microorganisms and clinical variables. LC-MS results revealed dysregulation of amino acid, lipid, nucleotide, and caffeine metabolism in RAU patients. Furthermore, correlation analysis of 16S rRNA-seq and LC-MS data revealed a significant association between salivary microbiota and metabolites in RAU patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed notable differences in salivary microbiota and metabolic profiles between RAU patients and HCs, indicating a strong link between oral microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic disturbances, and the onset and progression of RAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangzhi Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiping Lv
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoyan Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wu M, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Gong Y, Chen Z, Liao B, Xiong Y, Zhou X, Li Y. SVep1, a temperate phage of human oral commensal Streptococcus vestibularis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1256669. [PMID: 37779698 PMCID: PMC10536254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacteriophages play a vital role in the human oral microbiome, yet their precise impact on bacterial physiology and microbial communities remains relatively understudied due to the limited isolation and characterization of oral phages. To address this gap, the current study aimed to isolate and characterize novel oral phages. Methods To achieve this, oral bacteria were isolated using a culture-omics method from 30 samples collected from healthy individuals. These bacteria were then cultured in three different types of media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The samples were subsequently subjected to full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing for analysis. Subsequently, we performed the isolation of lytic and lysogenic phages targeting all these bacteria. Results In the initial step, a total of 75 bacterial strains were successfully isolated, representing 30 species and 9 genera. Among these strains, Streptococcus was found to have the highest number of species. Using a full-length 16S rRNA gene similarity threshold of 98.65%, 14 potential novel bacterial species were identified. In the subsequent phase, a temperate phage, which specifically targets the human oral commensal bacterium S. vestibularis strain SVE8, was isolated. The genome of S. vestibularis SVE8 consists of a 1.96-megabase chromosome, along with a 43,492-base pair prophage designated as SVep1. Annotation of SVep1 revealed the presence of 62 open reading frames (ORFs), with the majority of them associated with phage functions. However, it is worth noting that no plaque formation was observed in S. vestibularis SVE8 following lytic induction using mitomycin C. Phage particles were successfully isolated from the supernatant of mitomycin C-treated cultures of S. vestibularis SVE8, and examination using transmission electron microscopy confirmed that SVep1 is a siphovirus. Notably, phylogenetic analysis suggested a common ancestral origin between phage SVep1 and the cos-type phages found in S. thermophilus. Discussion The presence of SVep1 may confer immunity to S. vestibularis against infection by related phages and holds potential for being engineered as a genetic tool to regulate oral microbiome homeostasis and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyue Chen
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Parga A, Balboa S, Otero-Casal P, Otero A. New Preventive Strategy against Oral Biofilm Formation in Caries-Active Children: An In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1263. [PMID: 37627682 PMCID: PMC10451667 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum quenching (QQ) is the inhibition of bacterial communication, i.e., quorum sensing (QS). QS is a key mechanism in regulating biofilm formation and phenotype in complex bacterial communities, such as those found within cariogenic biofilms. Whereas QQ approaches were shown to effectively reduce biomass, knowledge of their impact on the taxonomic composition of oral polymicrobial biofilms remains scarce. Here, we investigate the effect of the QQ lactonase Aii20J on biomass production and taxonomical composition of biofilms. We collected supragingival plaque samples from 10 caries-free and 10 caries-active children and cultured them to generate in vitro biofilms. We describe significant biomass reductions upon Aii20J exposure, as assessed by crystal violet assays. Taxonomical profiling using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed no significant changes in bacterial composition at the genus level. Interestingly, at the species level Aii20J-treatment increased the abundance of Streptococcus cristatus and Streptococcus salivarius. Both S. cristatus and S. salivarius express pH-buffering enzymes (arginine deiminase and urease, respectively) that catalyze ammonia production, thereby potentially raising local pH and counteracting the biofilm's cariogenic potential. Within the limitations of the study, our findings provide evidence of the biofilm-modulating ability of QQ and offer novel insights into alternative strategies to restore homeostasis within dysbiotic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parga
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Cross-Disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, Centro de Saúde Santa Comba-Negreira, SERGAS, 15841 Santa Comba, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Chen BY, Li YL, Lin WZ, Bi C, Du LJ, Liu Y, Zhou LJ, Liu T, Xu S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu H, Zhang WC, Zhang ZY, Duan SZ. Integrated Omic Analysis of Human Plasma Metabolites and Microbiota in a Hypertension Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:2074. [PMID: 37432207 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is closely related to metabolic dysregulation, which is associated with microbial dysbiosis and altered host-microbiota interactions. However, plasma metabolite profiles and their relationships to oral/gut microbiota in hypertension have not been evaluated in depth. Plasma, saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected from 52 hypertensive participants and 24 healthy controls in a cross-sectional cohort. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microbial profiling of oral and gut samples was determined via 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. Correlations between metabolites and clinic parameters/microbiota were identified using Spearman's correlation analysis. Metabolomic evaluation showed distinct clusters of metabolites in plasma between hypertensive participants and control participants. Hypertensive participants had six significantly increased and thirty-seven significantly decreased plasma metabolites compared to controls. The plasma metabolic similarity significantly correlated with the community similarity of microbiota. Both oral and gut microbial community composition had significant correlations with metabolites such as Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a molecule involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Plasma metabolites had a larger number of significant correlations with bacterial genera than fungal genera. The shared oral/gut bacterial genera had more correlations with metabolites than unique genera but shared fungal genera and metabolites did not show clear clusters. The hypertension group had fewer correlations between plasma metabolites and bacteria/fungi than controls at species level. The integrative analysis of plasma metabolome and oral/gut microbiome identified unreported alterations of plasma metabolites in hypertension and revealed correlations between altered metabolites and oral/gut microbiota. These observations suggested metabolites and microbiota may become valuable targets for therapeutic and preventive interventions of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
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9
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Zhao A, Sun J, Liu Y. Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1137947. [PMID: 37091673 PMCID: PMC10117668 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1137947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are complex microbial communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances. Their formation is a multi-step process. Biofilms are a significant problem in treating bacterial infections and are one of the main reasons for the persistence of infections. They can exhibit increased resistance to classical antibiotics and cause disease through device-related and non-device (tissue) -associated infections, posing a severe threat to global health issues. Therefore, early detection and search for new and alternative treatments are essential for treating and suppressing biofilm-associated infections. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the formation of bacterial biofilms, associated infections, detection methods, and potential treatment strategies, aiming to provide researchers with the latest progress in the detection and treatment of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yipin Liu,
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10
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Tagg JR, Harold LK, Jain R, Hale JDF. Beneficial modulation of human health in the oral cavity and beyond using bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance-producing streptococcal probiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1161155. [PMID: 37056747 PMCID: PMC10086258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity contains a diversity of microbial habitats that have been adopted and adapted to as homeland by an amazingly heterogeneous population of microorganisms collectively referred to as the oral microbiota. These microbes generally co-habit in harmonious homeostasis. However, under conditions of imposed stress, as with changes to the host’s physiology or nutritional status, or as a response to foreign microbial or antimicrobial incursions, some components of the oral “microbiome” (viz. the in situ microbiota) may enter a dysbiotic state. This microbiome dysbiosis can manifest in a variety of guises including streptococcal sore throats, dental caries, oral thrush, halitosis and periodontal disease. Most of the strategies currently available for the management or treatment of microbial diseases of the oral cavity focus on the repetitive “broad sweep” and short-term culling of oral microbe populations, hopefully including the perceived principal pathogens. Both physical and chemical techniques are used. However, the application of more focused approaches to the harnessing or elimination of key oral cavity pathogens is now feasible through the use of probiotic strains that are naturally adapted for oral cavity colonization and also are equipped to produce anti-competitor molecules such as the bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (viz BLIS). Some of these probiotics are capable of suppressing the proliferation of a variety of recognized microbial pathogens of the human mouth, thereby assisting with the restoration of oral microbiome homeostasis. BLIS K12 and BLIS M18, the progenitors of the BLIS-producing oral probiotics, are members of the human oral cavity commensal species Streptococcus salivarius. More recently however, a number of other streptococcal and some non-streptococcal candidate oral probiotics have also been promoted. What is becoming increasingly apparent is that the future for oral probiotic applications will probably extend well beyond the attempted limitation of the direct pathological consequences of oral microbiome dysbiosis to also encompass a plethora of systemic diseases and disorders of the human host. The background to and the evolving prospects for the beneficial modulation of the oral microbiome via the application of BLIS-producing S. salivarius probiotics comprises the principal focus of the present review.
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11
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Lu Y, Li Z, Peng X. Regulatory effects of oral microbe on intestinal microbiota and the illness. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1093967. [PMID: 36816583 PMCID: PMC9928999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1093967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the association between oral health, intestinal microbiota, and systemic diseases has been further validated. Some oral microbial species have been isolated from pathological intestine mucosa or feces and identified as biomarkers for intestinal diseases. A small proportion of oral microbiome passes through or colonizes the lower gastrointestinal tract, even in healthy individuals. Opportunistic pathogens from the oral cavity may expand and participate in the occurrence and progression of intestinal diseases when the anatomical barrier is disrupted. These disruptors interact with the intestinal microbiota, disturbing indigenous microorganisms, and mucosal barriers through direct colonization, blood circulation, or derived metabolite pathways. While interacting with the host's immune system, oral-derived pathogens stimulate inflammation responses and guide the transition of the intestinal microenvironment from a healthy state to a pre-disease state. Therefore, the oral-gut microbiome axis sheds light on new clinical therapy options, and gastrointestinal tract ecology balance necessitates simultaneous consideration of both oral and gut microbiomes. This review summarizes possible routes of oral microbes entering the intestine and the effects of certain oral bacteria on intestinal microbiota and the host's immune responses.
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12
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Fraser D, Ganesan SM. Microbiome, alveolar bone, and metabolites: Connecting the dots. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1074339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome (OM) is a diverse and dynamic collection of species, separated from alveolar bone by the oral mucosa. Pathogenic shifts in the OM (dysbiosis) during periodontitis are associated with an inflammatory response in the oral mucosa that drives alveolar bone resorption. Alveolar bone is also affected by metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. Accumulating evidence has linked another microbial community, the gut microbiome (GM), to systemic bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Underlying this connection is the biologic activity of metabolites, byproducts of host and bacterial activity. Limited evidence also suggests that metabolites in the oral cavity signal between the OM and immune system, influencing both alveolar bone homeostasis and pathologic bone destruction in periodontitis. While the oral cavity and gut are connected through the gastrointestinal tract, dissimilar roles for known metabolites between these two niches exemplify the difficulty in translating knowledge on gut-derived metabolites and bone metabolism to alveolar bone. Integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic approaches hold promise for resolving these challenges and identifying novel metabolites which impact alveolar bone health. Further interrogation through mechanistic testing in pre-clinical models and carefully controlled clinical studies have potential to lead toward translation of these discoveries into meaningful therapies.
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Mojdami ZD, Barbour A, Oveisi M, Sun C, Fine N, Saha S, Marks C, Elebyary O, Watson E, Tenenbaum H, Azarpazhooh A, Glogauer M. The Effect of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck Region on the Oral Innate Immune Response and Oral Microbiome: A Prospective Cohort Study of Head and Neck Tumour Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179594. [PMID: 36076990 PMCID: PMC9456060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), form a significant component of the innate host response, and the consequence of the interaction between the oral microbiota and PMNs is a crucial determinant of oral health status. The impact of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck tumour (HNT) treatment on the oral innate immune system, neutrophils in particular, and the oral microbiome has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize RT-mediated changes in oral neutrophils (oPMNs) and the oral microbiome in patients undergoing RT to treat HNTs. Oral rinse samples were collected prior to, during and post-RT from HNT patients receiving RT at Dental Oncology at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. The oPMNs counts and activation states were analysed using flow cytometry, and the oral microbiome was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) drops in oPMN counts and the activation states of the CD11b, CD16, CD18, CD64 and H3Cit markers from pre-RT to post-RT were observed. Moreover, exposure to RT caused a significant reduction in the relative abundance of commensal Gram-negative bacteria and increased the commensal Gram-positive microbes. Ionizing radiation for the treatment of HNTs simultaneously decreased the recruitment of oPMNs into the oral cavity and suppressed their activation state. The oral microbiome composition post-RT was altered significantly due to RT which may favour the colonization of specific microbial communities unfavourable for the long-term development of a balanced oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorna Mojdami
- Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Abdelahhad Barbour
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Morvarid Oveisi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Chunxiang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Sourav Saha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Cara Marks
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Omnia Elebyary
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Erin Watson
- Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Howard Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.G.)
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14
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A Microphysiometric System Based on LAPS for Real-Time Monitoring of Microbial Metabolism. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat and protein) are the cornerstones of daily diet, among which carbohydrates provide energy for the muscles and central nervous system during movement and exercise. The breakdown of carbohydrates starts in the oral cavity, where they are primarily hydrolyzed to glucose and then metabolized to organic acids. The end products may have an impact on the oral microenvironment, so it is necessary to monitor the process of microbial metabolism and to measure the pH change. Although a pH meter has been widely used, it is limited by its sensitivity. We then introduce a light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), which has been used in extracellular acidification detection of living cells with the advantages of being objective, quantitative and highly sensitive. However, it is difficult to use in monitoring bacterial metabolism because bacteria cannot be immobilization on the LAPS chip as easily as living cells. Therefore, a microphysiometric system integrated with Transwell insert and microfluidic LAPS chip was designed and constructed to solve this problem. The decrease in pH caused by glucose fermentation in Lactobacillus rhamnosus was successfully measured by this device. This proves the feasibility of the system for metabolism detection of non-adhere targets such as microorganisms and even 3D cells and organoids.
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