1
|
Huang Z, Xiao F, Wang Q, Zhang X, Shen Y, Deng Y, Shi P. BSC2 modulates AmB resistance via the maintenance of intracellular sodium/potassium ion homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Res Microbiol 2024:104245. [PMID: 39245192 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on BSC2 have shown that it enhances yeast cell resistance to AmB via antioxidation and induces multidrug resistance by contributing to biofilm formation. Herein, we found that BSC2 overexpression could reverse the sensitivity of pmp3Δ to AmB and help the tested strains restore the intracellular sodium/potassium balance under exposure to AmB. Meanwhile, overexpression of the chitin gene CHS2 could simulate BSC2 to reverse the sensitivity of pmp3Δ and nha1Δ to high salt or AmB. However, BSC2 overexpression in flo11Δ failed to induce AmB resistance, form biofilms, and affect cell wall biogenesis, while CHS2 overexpression compensated the resistance of flo11Δ to AmB. Additionally, BSC2 levels were positively correlated with maintaining cell membrane integrity under exposure to AmB, CAS, or a combination of both. BSC2 overexpression in nha1Δ exhibited a similar function of CHS2, which can compensate for the sensitivity of the mutant to high salt. Altogether, the results demonstrate for the first time that BSC2 may promote ion equilibrium by strengthening cell walls and inhibiting membrane damage in a FLO path-dependent manner, thus enhancing the resistance of yeast cells to AmB. This study also reveals the possible mechanism of antifungal drugs CAS and AmB combined to inhibit fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Fulong Xiao
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuhu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China; Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yunxia Deng
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Xining, 810016, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palma F, Acunzo M, Della Marca R, Dell'Annunziata F, Folliero V, Chianese A, Zannella C, Franci G, De Filippis A, Galdiero M. Evaluation of antifungal spectrum of Cupferron against Candida albicans. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106835. [PMID: 39117014 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast accounting for about 50-90 % of all cases of candidiasis in humans, ranging from superficial to systemic potentially life-threatening infections. The presence of several virulence factors, including biofilm, hyphal transition, and proteolytic enzymes production, worsens the fungal infections burden on healthcare system resources. Hence, developing new bioactive compounds with antifungal activity is a pressing urgence for the scientific community. In this perspective, we evaluated the anti-Candida potential of the N-Nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt (cupferron) against standard and clinical C. albicans strains. Firstly, the in vitro cytotoxicity of cupferron was checked in the range 400-12.5 μg/mL against human microglial cells (HMC-3). Secondly, its antifungal spectrum was explored via disk diffusion test, broth-microdilution method, and time-killing curve analysis, validating the obtained results through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Additionally, we evaluated the cupferron impact on the main virulence determinants of Candida albicans. At non-toxic concentrations (100-12.5 μg/mL), the compound exerted interesting anti-Candida activity, registering a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 50 and 100 μg/mL against the tested strains, with a fungistatic effect until 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, cupferron was able to counteract fungal virulence at MIC and sub-MIC values (50-12.5 μg/mL). These findings may propose cupferron as a new potential antifungal option for the treatment of Candida albicans infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Acunzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Della Marca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang T, Xiong J, Wang L, Feng Z, Hang S, Yu J, Li W, Feng Y, Lu H, Jiang Y. Unexpected Inhibitory Effect of Octenidine Dihydrochloride on Candida albicans Filamentation by Impairing Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Disrupting Cell Membrane Integrity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1675. [PMID: 38136708 PMCID: PMC10741164 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans filamentation plays a significant role in developing both mucosal and invasive candidiasis, making it a crucial virulence factor. Consequently, exploring and identifying inhibitors that impede fungal hyphal formation presents an intriguing approach toward antifungal strategies. In line with this anti-filamentation strategy, we conducted a comprehensive screening of a library of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that possess inhibitory properties against hyphal growth. The compound octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) exhibits potent inhibition of hyphal growth in C. albicans across different hyphae-inducing media at concentrations below or equal to 3.125 μM. This remarkable inhibitory effect extends to biofilm formation and the disruption of mature biofilm. The mechanism underlying OCT's inhibition of hyphal growth is likely attributed to its capacity to impede ergosterol biosynthesis and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), compromising the integrity of the cell membrane. Furthermore, it has been observed that OCT demonstrates protective attributes against invasive candidiasis in Galleria mellonella larvae through its proficient eradication of C. albicans colonization in infected G. mellonella larvae by impeding hyphal formation. Although additional investigation is required to mitigate the toxicity of OCT in mammals, it possesses considerable promise as a potent filamentation inhibitor against invasive candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Munzen ME, Goncalves Garcia AD, Martinez LR. An update on the global treatment of invasive fungal infections. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1095-1117. [PMID: 37750748 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a serious problem affecting many people worldwide, creating critical economic and medical consequences. Fungi are ubiquitous and can cause invasive diseases in individuals mostly living in developing countries or with weakened immune systems, and antifungal drugs currently available have important limitations in tolerability and efficacy. In an effort to counteract the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with invasive fungal infections, various approaches are being utilized to discover and develop new antifungal agents. This review discusses the challenges posed by fungal infections, outlines different methods for developing antifungal drugs and reports on the status of drugs currently in clinical trials, which offer hope for combating this serious global problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Munzen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu XM, Li L, Bao JD, Wang JY, Liang S, Zhao LL, Huang CL, Yan JY, Cai YY, Wu XY, Dong B, Liu XH, Klionsky DJ, Lin FC. MoVast2 combined with MoVast1 regulates lipid homeostasis and autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. Autophagy 2023; 19:2353-2371. [PMID: 36803211 PMCID: PMC10351449 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2181739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process among eukaryotes that degrades unwanted materials such as protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria and even viruses to maintain cell survival. Our previous studies have demonstrated that MoVast1 acts as an autophagy regulator regulating autophagy, membrane tension, and sterol homeostasis in rice blast fungus. However, the detailed regulatory relationships between autophagy and VASt domain proteins remain unsolved. Here, we identified another VASt domain-containing protein, MoVast2, and further uncovered the regulatory mechanism of MoVast2 in M. oryzae. MoVast2 interacted with MoVast1 and MoAtg8, and colocalized at the PAS and deletion of MoVAST2 results in inappropriate autophagy progress. Through TOR activity analysis, sterols and sphingolipid content detection, we found high sterol accumulation in the ΔMovast2 mutant, whereas this mutant showed low sphingolipids and low activity of both TORC1 and TORC2. In addition, MoVast2 colocalized with MoVast1. The localization of MoVast2 in the MoVAST1 deletion mutant was normal; however, deletion of MoVAST2 leads to mislocalization of MoVast1. Notably, the wide-target lipidomic analyses revealed significant changes in sterols and sphingolipids, the major PM components, in the ΔMovast2 mutant, which was involved in lipid metabolism and autophagic pathways. These findings confirmed that the functions of MoVast1 were regulated by MoVast2, revealing that MoVast2 combined with MoVast1 maintained lipid homeostasis and autophagy balance by regulating TOR activity in M. oryzae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong-Yi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guevara-Lora I, Bras G, Juszczak M, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Gorecki A, Manrique-Moreno M, Dymek J, Pyza E, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M. Cecropin D-derived synthetic peptides in the fight against Candida albicans cell filamentation and biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1045984. [PMID: 36713201 PMCID: PMC9880178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1045984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progressive increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, makes the search for new therapies crucial in the face of the growing drug resistance of prevalent nosocomial yeast strains. The latest research focuses on the active compounds of natural origin, inhibiting fungal growth, and preventing the formation of fungal biofilms. Antimicrobial peptides are currently the subject of numerous studies concerning effective antifungal therapy. In the present study, the antifungal properties of two synthetic peptides (ΔM3, ΔM4) derived from an insect antimicrobial peptide - cecropin D - were investigated. The fungicidal activity of both compounds was demonstrated against the yeast forms of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis, reaching a MFC99.9 in the micromolar range, while Candida glabrata showed greater resistance to these peptides. The scanning electron microscopy revealed a destabilization of the yeast cell walls upon treatment with both peptides; however, their effectiveness was strongly modified by the presence of salt or plasma in the yeast environment. The transition of C. albicans cells from yeast to filamentous form, as well as the formation of biofilms, was effectively reduced by ΔM4. Mature biofilm viability was inhibited by a higher concentration of this peptide and was accompanied by increased ROS production, activation of the GPX3 and SOD5 genes, and finally, increased membrane permeability. Furthermore, both peptides showed a synergistic effect with caspofungin in inhibiting the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells, and an additive effect was also observed for the mixtures of peptides with amphotericin B. The results indicate the possible potential of the tested peptides in the prevention and treatment of candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Bras
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Juszczak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gorecki
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jakub Dymek
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland,*Correspondence: Maria Rapala-Kozik,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo L, Mao X, Li Y, Zhou Z. Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs)-loaded citral nanoemulsion controls green mold in citrus by damaging the cell membrane of Penicillium digitatum. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:854-864. [PMID: 36746557 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Citrus is susceptible to Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum) infection in post-harvest storage, resulting in enormous economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and potential mechanism of the combination of Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and citral (two natural antifungal components derived from citrus) against P. digitatum in vitro and citrus fruit. The results show that PMFs can enhance the antifungal activity of citral nanoemulsion, and PMFs-loaded citral nanoemulsion (PCT) has significant antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent manner. PCT can evidently inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro, and effectively control the growth of green mold on postharvest citrus fruit. Furthermore, PCT treatment resulted in the alteration of mycelia morphology, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and membrane lipid peroxidation. These changes can disrupt the normal structure and function of the cell membrane, as evidenced by the reduction of total lipid and ergosterol content in the mycelia and the stronger red fluorescence of the cells emitted after PI staining. Based on the above results, we infer that PCT has a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum, and its potential mechanism is related to the destruction of the cell membrane. Therefore, PCT can be considered as a botanical fungicide for citrus preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxue Mao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lian X, Scott-Thomas A, Lewis JG, Bhatia M, Chambers ST. A Novel Monoclonal Antibody 1D2 That Broadly Inhibits Clinically Important Aspergillus Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090960. [PMID: 36135685 PMCID: PMC9502797 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous airborne fungus, is the predominant cause (>90%) of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunosuppressed patients and has a high mortality. New approaches to prevention and treatment are needed because of the poor efficacy, toxicity and side effects of the current anti-Aspergillus drugs on patients. Thus, we aim to explore a new avenue to combat Aspergillus infection by using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1D2 against a glycoprotein on the cell wall of Aspergillus. The ability of this mAb to inhibit attachment, germination, and growth of Aspergillus conidia and hyphae in vitro were examined. A dose-dependent growth inhibition of Aspergillus conidia in the presence of mAb 1D2 was found. The mAb 1D2 inhibited attachment of Aspergillus conidia to an untreated slide surface and fibronectin-treated surface compared to an unrelated mAb 6B10. When conidia were exposed to 1D2 concomitantly with inoculation into culture media, the mAb prevented the swelling and germination of conidia. This inhibitory ability of 1D2 was less apparent if it was added two hours after inoculation. Damage to hyphae was also observed when 1D2 was added to Aspergillus hyphae that had been incubated in media overnight. These in vitro results indicate that mAb 1D2 broadly inhibits clinically important Aspergillus species and has a promising therapeutic effect both as prophylaxis to inhibit an Aspergillus infection as well as a treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Lian
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Clinical Medical School, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Amy Scott-Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - John G. Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-364-0649
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lian X, Scott-Thomas A, Lewis JG, Bhatia M, MacPherson SA, Zeng Y, Chambers ST. Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105563. [PMID: 35628374 PMCID: PMC9146623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of IA remain challenging. Given the broad range of non-specific clinical symptoms and the shortcomings of current diagnostic techniques, most patients are either diagnosed as “possible” or “probable” cases but not “proven”. Moreover, because of the lack of sensitive and specific tests, many high-risk patients receive an empirical therapy or a prolonged treatment of high-priced antifungal agents, leading to unnecessary adverse effects and a high risk of drug resistance. More precise diagnostic techniques alongside a targeted antifungal treatment are fundamental requirements for reducing the morbidity and mortality of IA. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity in targeting the corresponding antigen(s) may have the potential to improve diagnostic tests and form the basis for novel IA treatments. This review summarizes the up-to-date application of mAb-based approaches in assisting IA diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Lian
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Amy Scott-Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
| | - John G. Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Sean A. MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Haematology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine), The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-364-0649
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sionov RV, Steinberg D. Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030631. [PMID: 35327432 PMCID: PMC8945038 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of various infectious diseases, especially those associated with biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic materials. There is an urgent need for new treatment protocols that can also target biofilm-embedded bacteria. Many secondary metabolites of plants possess anti-bacterial activities, and especially the phytocannabinoids of the Cannabis sativa L. varieties have reached a renaissance and attracted much attention for their anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities at concentrations below the cytotoxic threshold on normal mammalian cells. Accordingly, many synthetic cannabinoids have been designed with the intention to increase the specificity and selectivity of the compounds. The structurally unrelated endocannabinoids have also been found to have anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. Recent data suggest for a mutual communication between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiota. The present review focuses on the anti-microbial activities of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids integrated with some selected issues of their many physiological and pharmacological activities.
Collapse
|