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Walsh ME, King GA, Ünal E. Not just binary: embracing the complexity of nuclear division dynamics. Nucleus 2024; 15:2360601. [PMID: 38842147 PMCID: PMC11164224 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2360601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division presents a challenge for eukaryotic cells: how can chromosomes effectively segregate within the confines of a membranous nuclear compartment? Different organisms have evolved diverse solutions by modulating the degree of nuclear compartmentalization, ranging from complete nuclear envelope breakdown to complete maintenance of nuclear compartmentalization via nuclear envelope expansion. Many intermediate forms exist between these extremes, suggesting that nuclear dynamics during cell division are surprisingly plastic. In this review, we highlight the evolutionary diversity of nuclear divisions, focusing on two defining characteristics: (1) chromosome compartmentalization and (2) nucleocytoplasmic transport. Further, we highlight recent evidence that nuclear behavior during division can vary within different cellular contexts in the same organism. The variation observed within and between organisms underscores the dynamic evolution of nuclear divisions tailored to specific contexts and cellular requirements. In-depth investigation of diverse nuclear divisions will enhance our understanding of the nucleus, both in physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E. Walsh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Grant A. King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elçin Ünal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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King GA, Wettstein R, Varberg JM, Chetlapalli K, Walsh ME, Gillet LC, Hernández-Armenta C, Beltrao P, Aebersold R, Jaspersen SL, Matos J, Ünal E. Meiotic nuclear pore complex remodeling provides key insights into nuclear basket organization. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204039. [PMID: 36515990 PMCID: PMC9754704 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large proteinaceous assemblies that mediate nuclear compartmentalization. NPCs undergo large-scale structural rearrangements during mitosis in metazoans and some fungi. However, our understanding of NPC remodeling beyond mitosis remains limited. Using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we discovered that NPCs undergo two mechanistically separable remodeling events during budding yeast meiosis in which parts or all of the nuclear basket transiently dissociate from the NPC core during meiosis I and II, respectively. Meiosis I detachment, observed for Nup60 and Nup2, is driven by Polo kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Nup60 at its interface with the Y-complex. Subsequent reattachment of Nup60-Nup2 to the NPC core is facilitated by a lipid-binding amphipathic helix in Nup60. Preventing Nup60-Nup2 reattachment causes misorganization of the entire nuclear basket in gametes. Strikingly, meiotic nuclear basket remodeling also occurs in the distantly related fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our study reveals a conserved and developmentally programmed aspect of NPC plasticity, providing key mechanistic insights into the nuclear basket organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A. King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Rahel Wettstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Madison E. Walsh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ludovic C.J. Gillet
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hernández-Armenta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sue L. Jaspersen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Joao Matos
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elçin Ünal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Hernández-Sánchez F, Peraza-Reyes L. Spatiotemporal Dynamic Regulation of Organelles During Meiotic Development, Insights From Fungi. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886710. [PMID: 35547805 PMCID: PMC9081346 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell development involves precise regulation of organelle activity and dynamics, which adapt the cell architecture and metabolism to the changing developmental requirements. Research in various fungal model organisms has disclosed that meiotic development involves precise spatiotemporal regulation of the formation and dynamics of distinct intracellular membrane compartments, including peroxisomes, mitochondria and distinct domains of the endoplasmic reticulum, comprising its peripheral domains and the nuclear envelope. This developmental regulation implicates changes in the constitution and dynamics of these organelles, which modulate their structure, abundance and distribution. Furthermore, selective degradation systems allow timely organelle removal at defined meiotic stages, and regulated interactions between membrane compartments support meiotic-regulated organelle dynamics. This dynamic organelle remodeling is implicated in conducting organelle segregation during meiotic differentiation, and defines quality control regulatory systems safeguarding the inheritance of functional membrane compartments, promoting meiotic cell rejuvenation. Moreover, organelle remodeling is important for proper activity of the cytoskeletal system conducting meiotic nucleus segregation, as well as for meiotic differentiation. The orchestrated regulation of organelle dynamics has a determinant contribution in the formation of the renewed genetically-diverse offspring of meiosis.
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