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Kogo H, Kikuchi-Kokubo Y, Tajika Y, Iizuka-Kogo A, Yamamoto H, Ikezawa M, Kurahashi H, Matsuzaki T. Differential phosphorylation of two serine clusters in mouse HORMAD1 during meiotic prophase I progression. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114133. [PMID: 38897409 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mouse HORMAD1 is a phospho-protein involved in multiple functions during meiotic prophase I. To obtain insight into the significance of its phosphorylation, we generated phospho-specific antibodies against two serine residues, Ser307 and Ser378, representing each of two serine clusters in mouse HORMAD1. The Ser307 phosphorylation is detectable from early leptotene substage in both wild-type and Spo11-/- spermatocytes, indicating that Ser307 is a primary and SPO11-independent phosphorylation site. In contrast, the Ser378 phosphorylation is negligible at earlier substages in wild-type and Spo11-/- spermatocytes. After mid-zygotene substage, the Ser378 phosphorylation is abundant on unsynapsed chromosome axes in wild-type spermatocytes and is detected only in a part of unsynapsed chromosome axes in Spo11-/- spermatocytes. We also generated a non-phosphorylated Ser307-specific antibody and found that Ser307 is phosphorylated on sex chromosome axes but is almost entirely unphosphorylated on desynapsed chromosome axes in diplotene spermatocytes. These results demonstrated a substage-specific phosphorylation status of mouse HORMAD1, which might be associated with multiple substage-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Division of Molecular Genetics, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuka Kikuchi-Kokubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tajika
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Iizuka-Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hanako Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Maiko Ikezawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Raices M, Balmir F, Silva N, Li W, Grundy MK, Hoffman DK, Altendorfer E, Camacho CJ, Bernstein KA, Colaiácovo MP, Yanowitz J. Genetic and physical interactions reveal overlapping and distinct contributions to meiotic double-strand break formation in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581796. [PMID: 38463951 PMCID: PMC10925144 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious lesions experienced by our genome. Yet, DSBs are intentionally induced during gamete formation to promote the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. While the conserved topoisomerase-like enzyme Spo11 catalyzes DSBs, additional regulatory proteins-referred to as "Spo11 accessory factors"- regulate the number, timing, and placement of DSBs during early meiotic prophase ensuring that SPO11 does not wreak havoc on the genome. Despite the importance of the accessory factors, they are poorly conserved at the sequence level suggesting that these factors may adopt unique functions in different species. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the genetic and physical interactions between the DSB factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans providing new insights into conserved and novel functions of these proteins. This work shows that HIM-5 is the determinant of X-chromosome-specific crossovers and that its retention in the nucleus is dependent on DSB-1, the sole accessory factor that interacts with SPO-11. We further provide evidence that HIM-5 coordinates the actions of the different accessory factors sub-groups, providing insights into how components on the DNA loops may interact with the chromosome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Balmir
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Nicola Silva
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Li
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Tsinghua U. Medical School, China
| | - McKenzie K. Grundy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Elisabeth Altendorfer
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 334, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Jaime Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Kara A. Bernstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 334, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Judith Yanowitz
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
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Castellano-Pozo M, Sioutas G, Barroso C, Prince JP, Lopez-Jimenez P, Davy J, Jaso-Tamame AL, Crawley O, Shao N, Page J, Martinez-Perez E. The kleisin subunit controls the function of C. elegans meiotic cohesins by determining the mode of DNA binding and differential regulation by SCC-2 and WAPL-1. eLife 2023; 12:e84138. [PMID: 37650378 PMCID: PMC10497282 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex plays essential roles in chromosome segregation, 3D genome organisation, and DNA damage repair through its ability to modify DNA topology. In higher eukaryotes, meiotic chromosome function, and therefore fertility, requires cohesin complexes containing meiosis-specific kleisin subunits: REC8 and RAD21L in mammals and REC-8 and COH-3/4 in Caenorhabditis elegans. How these complexes perform the multiple functions of cohesin during meiosis and whether this involves different modes of DNA binding or dynamic association with chromosomes is poorly understood. Combining time-resolved methods of protein removal with live imaging and exploiting the temporospatial organisation of the C. elegans germline, we show that REC-8 complexes provide sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) and DNA repair, while COH-3/4 complexes control higher-order chromosome structure. High-abundance COH-3/4 complexes associate dynamically with individual chromatids in a manner dependent on cohesin loading (SCC-2) and removal (WAPL-1) factors. In contrast, low-abundance REC-8 complexes associate stably with chromosomes, tethering sister chromatids from S-phase until the meiotic divisions. Our results reveal that kleisin identity determines the function of meiotic cohesin by controlling the mode and regulation of cohesin-DNA association, and are consistent with a model in which SCC and DNA looping are performed by variant cohesin complexes that coexist on chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josh P Prince
- MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph Davy
- MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Crawley
- MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nan Shao
- MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jesus Page
- Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Enrique Martinez-Perez
- MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
- Imperial College Faculty of MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
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Trivedi S, Blazícková J, Silva N. PARG and BRCA1-BARD1 cooperative function regulates DNA repair pathway choice during gametogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12291-12308. [PMID: 36478097 PMCID: PMC9757042 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic chromosome segregation relies on programmed DNA double-strand break induction. These are in turn repaired by homologous recombination, generating physical attachments between the parental chromosomes called crossovers. A subset of breaks yields recombinant outcomes, while crossover-independent mechanisms repair the majority of lesions. The balance between different repair pathways is crucial to ensure genome integrity. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans BRC-1/BRCA1-BRD-1/BARD1 and PARG-1/PARG form a complex in vivo, essential for accurate DNA repair in the germline. Simultaneous depletion of BRC-1 and PARG-1 causes synthetic lethality due to reduced crossover formation and impaired break repair, evidenced by hindered RPA-1 removal and presence of aberrant chromatin bodies in diakinesis nuclei, whose formation depends on spo-11 function. These factors undergo a similar yet independent loading in developing oocytes, consistent with operating in different pathways. Abrogation of KU- or Theta-mediated end joining elicits opposite effects in brc-1; parg-1 doubles, suggesting a profound impact in influencing DNA repair pathway choice by BRC-1-PARG-1. Importantly, lack of PARG-1 catalytic activity suppresses untimely accumulation of RAD-51 foci in brc-1 mutants but is only partially required for fertility. Our data show that BRC-1/BRD-1-PARG-1 joint function is essential for genome integrity in meiotic cells by regulating multiple DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Trivedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Blazícková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Silva
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +420 549 49 8033;
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Fernando LM, Quesada-Candela C, Murray M, Ugoaru C, Yanowitz JL, Allen AK. Proteasomal subunit depletions differentially affect germline integrity in C. elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901320. [PMID: 36060813 PMCID: PMC9428126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protein complex that is canonically known for its ability to degrade proteins in cells and maintain protein homeostasis. Non-canonical or non-proteolytic roles of proteasomal subunits exist but remain less well studied. We provide characterization of germline-specific functions of different 19S proteasome regulatory particle (RP) subunits in C. elegans using RNAi specifically from the L4 stage and through generation of endogenously tagged 19S RP lid subunit strains. We show functions for the 19S RP in regulation of proliferation and maintenance of integrity of mitotic zone nuclei, in polymerization of the synaptonemal complex (SC) onto meiotic chromosomes and in the timing of SC subunit redistribution to the short arm of the bivalent, and in turnover of XND-1 proteins at late pachytene. Furthermore, we report that certain 19S RP subunits are required for proper germ line localization of WEE-1.3, a major meiotic kinase. Additionally, endogenous fluorescent labeling revealed that the two isoforms of the essential 19S RP proteasome subunit RPN-6.1 are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the hermaphrodite. Also, we demonstrate that the 19S RP subunits RPN-6.1 and RPN-7 are crucial for the nuclear localization of the lid subunits RPN-8 and RPN-9 in oocytes, further supporting the ability to utilize the C. elegans germ line as a model to study proteasome assembly real-time. Collectively, our data support the premise that certain 19S RP proteasome subunits are playing tissue-specific roles, especially in the germ line. We propose C. elegans as a versatile multicellular model to study the diverse proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles that proteasome subunits play in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quesada-Candela
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Makaelah Murray
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Caroline Ugoaru
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Judith L. Yanowitz
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Departments of Developmental Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Genetics, The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Judith L. Yanowitz, ; Anna K. Allen,
| | - Anna K. Allen
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Judith L. Yanowitz, ; Anna K. Allen,
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