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Biswas T, Vogel H, Biedermann PHW, Lehenberger M, Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN. Few chemoreceptor genes in the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum may reflect its specialized ecology. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:764. [PMID: 39107741 PMCID: PMC11302349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoreception is crucial for insect fitness, underlying for instance food-, host-, and mate finding. Chemicals in the environment are detected by receptors from three divergent gene families: odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs). However, how the chemoreceptor gene families evolve in parallel with ecological specializations remains poorly understood, especially in the order Coleoptera. Hence, we sequenced the genome and annotated the chemoreceptor genes of the specialised ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and compared its chemoreceptor gene repertoires with those of other scolytines with different ecological adaptations, as well as a polyphagous cerambycid species. RESULTS We identified 67 ORs, 38 GRs, and 44 IRs in T. lineatum ('Tlin'). Across gene families, T. lineatum has fewer chemoreceptors compared to related scolytines, the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei and the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae, and clearly fewer receptors than the polyphagous cerambycid Anoplophora glabripennis. The comparatively low number of chemoreceptors is largely explained by the scarcity of large receptor lineage radiations, especially among the bitter taste GRs and the 'divergent' IRs, and the absence of alternatively spliced GR genes. Only one non-fructose sugar receptor was found, suggesting several sugar receptors have been lost. Also, we found no orthologue in the 'GR215 clade', which is widely conserved across Coleoptera. Two TlinORs are orthologous to ORs that are functionally conserved across curculionids, responding to 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Trypodendron lineatum reproduces inside the xylem of decaying conifers where it feeds on its obligate fungal mutualist Phialophoropsis ferruginea. Like previous studies, our results suggest that stenophagy correlates with small chemoreceptor numbers in wood-boring beetles; indeed, the few GRs may be due to its restricted fungal diet. The presence of TlinORs orthologous to those detecting 2-PE and GLVs in other species suggests these compounds are important for T. lineatum. Future functional studies should test this prediction, and chemoreceptor annotations should be conducted on additional ambrosia beetle species to investigate whether few chemoreceptors is a general trait in this specialized group of beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Biswas
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter H W Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Stegen-Wittental, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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Wang Z, Wang X, Liu W, Chen R, Liu Y. Functional Characterization of an Odorant Receptor Expressed in Newly Hatched Larvae of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2024; 15:564. [PMID: 39194769 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, Spodoptera frugiperda has emerged as a significant invasive pest globally, posing a serious threat to agriculture due to its broad diet, migratory behavior, and ability to cause extensive plant damage. While extensive research has focused on the olfactory capabilities of adult S. frugiperda, understanding of the olfactory process in larvae remains limited, despite larvae playing a crucial role in crop damage. To address this gap, we identified an odorant receptor (OR), SfruOR40, expressed in the first-instar larvae through phylogenetic analysis. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we compared SfruOR40 expression levels in larvae and adults. We then characterized the function of SfruOR40 against 67 compounds using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and found that SfruOR40 responded to three plant volatiles. Further, behavioral experiments revealed a larval attraction to (-)-trans-Caryophyllene oxide. This study elucidates SfruOR40's role in the olfactory recognition of newly hatched S. frugiperda larvae, expanding our knowledge of such mechanisms in Noctuid moths. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of plant-derived natural products for biological pest control from a behavioral ecology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Run Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Wang Z, Liu D, Ma L, Cheng H, Lin C, Fu L, Chen Y, Dong X, Liu C. Genome-wide analysis of gustatory receptor genes and identification of the fructose gustatory receptor in Arma chinensis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30795. [PMID: 38765039 PMCID: PMC11096949 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gustatory receptors (GRs) allow insects to sense tastes in their external environment. Gustatory perception is crucial for distinguishing between beneficial and harmful or toxic compounds, affecting survival. This study is the first to identify and classify the GR genes and investigate their expression in the predatory Arma chinensis. Thirteen GR genes (ArmaGr1-ArmaGr13) were identified and classified into four families via phylogenetic analysis. In the predacious developmental stages, ArmaGr7 expression gradually increased from the 2nd to 5th instar stages and then to adults. However, ArmaGr7 was also highly expressed in the non-predation 1st instar nymph and egg stages. ArmaGr7 expression was localized in the antennae, scalpella, forelegs, wings, head, and midgut of male and female adults, with wings displaying the highest expression. Furthermore, ArmaGr7 expression was positively correlated with fructose solution intake; molecular docking results showed that fructose could effectively dock withArmaGr7. A protein structure comparison revealed that the ArmaGr7 structure was different from that of other GR43a-like proteins, which may be related to the gene splicing of the A. chinensis GR gene. These results elucidate the crucial role of ArmaGr7 in fructose recognition by A. chinensis and provide a foundation for further studies on gustatory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dianyu Liu
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No. 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Le Ma
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No. 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changjin Lin
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyao Fu
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No. 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No. 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
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4
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Zhang S, Jacquin-Joly E, Montagné N, Liu F, Liu Y, Wang G. Identification of an odorant receptor responding to sex pheromones in Spodoptera frugiperda extends the novel type-I PR lineage in moths. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:489-502. [PMID: 37573259 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In moths, pheromone receptors (PRs) are crucial for intraspecific sexual communication between males and females. Moth PRs are considered as an ideal model for studying the evolution of insect PRs, and a large number of PRs have been identified and functionally characterized in different moth species. Moth PRs were initially thought to fall into a single monophyletic clade in the odorant receptor (OR) family, but recent studies have shown that ORs in another lineage also bind type-I sex pheromones, which indicates that type-I PRs have multiple independent origins in the Lepidoptera. In this study, we investigated whether ORs of the pest moth Spodoptera frugiperda belonging to clades closely related to this novel PR lineage may also have the capacity to bind type-I pheromones and serve as male PRs. Among the 7 ORs tested, only 1 (SfruOR23) exhibited a male-biased expression pattern. Importantly, in vitro functional characterization showed that SfruOR23 could bind several type-I sex pheromone compounds with Z-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald), a minor component found in female sex pheromone glands, as the optimal ligand. In addition, SfruOR23 also showed weak responses to plant volatile organic compounds. Altogether, we characterized an S. frugiperda PR positioned in a lineage closely related to the novel PR clade, indicating that the type-I PR lineage can be extended in moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Li Z, Capoduro R, Bastin–Héline L, Zhang S, Sun D, Lucas P, Dabir-Moghaddam D, François MC, Liu Y, Wang G, Jacquin-Joly E, Montagné N, Meslin C. A tale of two copies: Evolutionary trajectories of moth pheromone receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221166120. [PMID: 37155838 PMCID: PMC10193968 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheromone communication is an essential component of reproductive isolation in animals. As such, evolution of pheromone signaling can be linked to speciation. For example, the evolution of sex pheromones is thought to have played a major role in the diversification of moths. In the crop pests Spodoptera littoralis and S. litura, the major component of the sex pheromone blend is (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, which is lacking in other Spodoptera species. It indicates that a major shift occurred in their common ancestor. It has been shown recently in S. littoralis that this compound is detected with high specificity by an atypical pheromone receptor, named SlitOR5. Here, we studied its evolutionary history through functional characterization of receptors from different Spodoptera species. SlitOR5 orthologs in S. exigua and S. frugiperda exhibited a broad tuning to several pheromone compounds. We evidenced a duplication of OR5 in a common ancestor of S. littoralis and S. litura and found that in these two species, one duplicate is also broadly tuned while the other is specific to (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate. By using ancestral gene resurrection, we confirmed that this narrow tuning evolved only in one of the two copies issued from the OR5 duplication. Finally, we identified eight amino acid positions in the binding pocket of these receptors whose evolution has been responsible for narrowing the response spectrum to a single ligand. The evolution of OR5 is a clear case of subfunctionalization that could have had a determinant impact in the speciation process in Spodoptera species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Li
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Rémi Capoduro
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Lucie Bastin–Héline
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des plantes, UMR 5667, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, LyonF-69364, France
| | - Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Philippe Lucas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Diane Dabir-Moghaddam
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Marie-Christine François
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
| | - Camille Meslin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, Université Paris Cité, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Versailles78026, France
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6
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Mazumdar T, Hänniger S, Shukla SP, Murali A, Bartram S, Heckel DG, Boland W. 8-HQA adjusts the number and diversity of bacteria in the gut microbiome of Spodoptera littoralis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1075557. [PMID: 36744087 PMCID: PMC9891463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1075557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolinic carboxylic acids are known for their metal ion chelating properties in insects, plants and bacteria. The larval stages of the lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera littoralis, produce 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8-HQA) in high concentrations from tryptophan in the diet. At the same time, the larval midgut is known to harbor a bacterial population. The motivation behind the work was to investigate whether 8-HQA is controlling the bacterial community in the gut by regulating the concentration of metal ions. Knocking out the gene for kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in the insect using CRISPR/Cas9 eliminated production of 8-HQA and significantly increased bacterial numbers and diversity in the larval midgut. Adding 8-HQA to the diet of knockout larvae caused a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial numbers with minimal effects on diversity. Enterococcus mundtii dominates the community in all treatments, probably due to its highly efficient iron uptake system and production of the colicin, mundticin. Thus host factors and bacterial properties interact to determine patterns of diversity and abundance in the insect midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilottama Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Shantanu P. Shukla
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aishwarya Murali
- Department of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G. Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: David G. Heckel, ✉
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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7
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Vandroux P, Li Z, Capoduro R, François MC, Renou M, Montagné N, Jacquin-Joly E. Activation of pheromone-sensitive olfactory neurons by plant volatiles in the moth Agrotis ipsilon does not occur at the level of the pheromone receptor protein. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1035252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In moths, mate finding relies on female-emitted sex pheromones that the males have to decipher within a complex environmental odorant background. Previous studies have shown that interactions of both sex pheromones and plant volatiles can occur in the peripheral olfactory system, and that some plant volatiles can activate the pheromone-specific detection pathway. In the noctuid moth Agrotis ipsilon, plant volatiles such as heptanal activate the receptor neurons tuned to the pheromone component (Z)7-12:OAc. However, the underlying mechanisms remain totally unknown. Following the general rule that states that one olfactory receptor neuron usually expresses only one type of receptor protein, a logic explanation would be that the receptor protein expressed in (Z)7-12:OAc-sensitive neurons recognizes both pheromone and plant volatiles. To test this hypothesis, we first annotated odorant receptor genes in the genome of A. ipsilon and we identified a candidate receptor putatively tuned to (Z)7-12:OAc, named AipsOR3. Then, we expressed it in Drosophila olfactory neurons and determined its response spectrum to a large panel of pheromone compounds and plant volatiles. Unexpectedly, the receptor protein AipsOR3 appeared to be very specific to (Z)7-12:OAc and was not activated by any of the plant volatiles tested, including heptanal. We also found that (Z)7-12:OAc responses of Drosophila neurons expressing AipsOR3 were not affected by a background of heptanal. As the Drosophila olfactory sensilla that house neurons in which AipsOR3 was expressed contain other olfactory proteins – such as odorant-binding proteins – that may influence its selectivity, we also expressed AipsOR3 in Xenopus oocytes and confirmed its specificity and the lack of activation by plant volatiles. Altogether, our results suggest that a still unknown second odorant receptor protein tuned to heptanal and other plant volatiles is expressed in the (Z)7-12:OAc-sensitive neurons of A. ipsilon.
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Zhang S, Tang J, Li Y, Li D, Chen G, Chen L, Yang Z, He N. The silkworm gustatory receptor BmGr63 is dedicated to the detection of isoquercetin in mulberry. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221427. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gustatory systems in phytophagous insects are used to perceive feeding stimulants and deterrents, and are involved in insect decisions to feed on particular plants. During the process, gustatory receptors (Grs) can recognize diverse phytochemicals and provide a molecular basis for taste perception. The silkworm, as a representative Lepidoptera species, has developed a strong feeding preference for mulberry leaves. The mulberry-derived flavonoid glycoside, isoquercetin, is required to induce feeding behaviours. However, the corresponding Grs for isoquercetin and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular methods, voltage clamp recordings and feeding assays to identify silkworm BmGr63, which was tuned to isoquercetin. The use of qRT-PCR confirmed that
BmGr63
was highly expressed in the mouthpart of fourth and fifth instar larvae. Functional analysis showed that oocytes expressing
BmGr63
from the ‘bitter’ clade responded to mulberry extracts. Among 20 test chemicals, BmGr63 specifically recognized isoquercetin. The preference for isoquercetin was not observed in
BmGr63
knock-down groups. The tuning between BmGr63 and isoquercetin has been demonstrated, which is meaningful to explain the silkworm-mulberry feeding mechanism from molecular levels and thus provides evidence for further feeding relationship studies between phytophagous insects and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Yin N, Xiao H, Yang A, Wu C, Liu N. Genome-Wide Analysis of Odorant and Gustatory Receptors in Six Papilio Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:779. [PMID: 36135480 PMCID: PMC9500883 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemical interactions of insects and host plants are shaping the evolution of chemosensory receptor gene families. However, the correlation between host range and chemoreceptor gene repertoire sizes is still elusive in Papilionidae. Here, we addressed the issue of whether host plant diversities are correlated with the expansions of odorant (ORs) or gustatory (GRs) receptors in six Papilio butterflies. By combining genomics, transcriptomics and bioinformatics approaches, 381 ORs and 328 GRs were annotated in the genomes of a generalist P. glaucus and five specialists, P. xuthus, P. polytes, P. memnon, P. machaon and P. dardanus. Orthologous ORs or GRs in Papilio had highly conserved gene structure. Five Papilio specialists exhibited a similar frequency of intron lengths for ORs or GRs, but which was different from those in the generalist. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 60 orthologous OR groups, 45 of which shared one-to-one relationships. Such a single gene in each butterfly also occurred in 26 GR groups. Intriguingly, bitter GRs had fewer introns than other GRs and clustered into a large clade. Focusing on the two chemoreceptor gene families in P. xuthus, most PxutORs (52/58) were expressed in antennae and 31 genes in reproductive tissues. Eleven out of 28 foretarsus-expressed PxutGRs were female-biased genes, as strong candidates for sensing oviposition stimulants. These results indicate that the host range may not shape the large-scale expansions of ORs and GRs in Papilio butterflies and identify important molecular targets involved in olfaction, oviposition or reproduction in P. xuthus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Naiyong Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-871-63862665
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