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Polinski JM, Castellano KR, Buckley KM, Bodnar AG. Genomic signatures of exceptional longevity and negligible aging in the long-lived red sea urchin. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114021. [PMID: 38564335 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) is one of the Earth's longest-living animals, reported to live more than 100 years with indeterminate growth, life-long reproduction, and no increase in mortality rate with age. To understand the genetic underpinnings of longevity and negligible aging, we constructed a chromosome-level assembly of the red sea urchin genome and compared it to that of short-lived sea urchin species. Genome-wide syntenic alignments identified chromosome rearrangements that distinguish short- and long-lived species. Expanded gene families in long-lived species play a role in innate immunity, sensory nervous system, and genome stability. An integrated network of genes under positive selection in the red sea urchin was involved in genomic regulation, mRNA fidelity, protein homeostasis, and mitochondrial function. Our results implicated known longevity genes in sea urchin longevity but also revealed distinct molecular signatures that may promote long-term maintenance of tissue homeostasis, disease resistance, and negligible aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea G Bodnar
- Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA.
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Compton ZT, Mellon W, Harris V, Rupp S, Mallo D, Kapsetaki S, Wilmot M, Kennington R, Noble K, Baciu C, Ramirez L, Peraza A, Martins B, Sudhakar S, Aksoy S, Furukawa G, Vincze O, Giraudeau MT, Duke E, Spiro S, Flach E, Davidson H, Li C, Zehnder A, Graham TA, Troan B, Harrison T, Tollis M, Schiffman J, Aktipis A, Abegglen L, Maley C, Boddy A. Cancer Prevalence Across Vertebrates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.15.527881. [PMID: 36824942 PMCID: PMC9948983 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.527881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is pervasive across multicellular species, but what explains differences in cancer prevalence across species? Using 16,049 necropsy records for 292 species spanning three clades (amphibians, sauropsids and mammals) we found that neoplasia and malignancy prevalence increases with adult weight (contrary to Petos Paradox) and somatic mutation rate, but decreases with gestation time. Evolution of cancer susceptibility appears to have undergone sudden shifts followed by stabilizing selection. Outliers for neoplasia prevalence include the common porpoise (<1.3%), the Rodrigues fruit bat (<1.6%) the black-footed penguin (<0.4%), ferrets (63%) and opossums (35%). Discovering why some species have particularly high or low levels of cancer may lead to a better understanding of cancer syndromes and novel strategies for the management and prevention of cancer.
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Li S, Vazquez JM, Sudmant PH. The evolution of aging and lifespan. Trends Genet 2023; 39:830-843. [PMID: 37714733 PMCID: PMC11147682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a nearly inescapable trait among organisms yet lifespan varies tremendously across different species and spans several orders of magnitude in vertebrates alone. This vast phenotypic diversity is driven by distinct evolutionary trajectories and tradeoffs that are reflected in patterns of diversification and constraint in organismal genomes. Age-specific impacts of selection also shape allele frequencies in populations, thus impacting disease susceptibility and environment-specific mortality risk. Further, the mutational processes that spawn this genetic diversity in both germline and somatic cells are strongly influenced by age and life history. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of the evolution of aging and lifespan at organismal, population, and cellular scales, and highlight outstanding questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA.
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Compton ZT, Harris V, Mellon W, Rupp S, Mallo D, Kapsetaki SE, Wilmot M, Kennington R, Noble K, Baciu C, Ramirez L, Peraza A, Martins B, Sudhakar S, Aksoy S, Furukawa G, Vincze O, Giraudeau M, Duke EG, Spiro S, Flach E, Davidson H, Zehnder A, Graham TA, Troan B, Harrison TM, Tollis M, Schiffman JD, Aktipis A, Abegglen LM, Maley CC, Boddy AM. Cancer Prevalence Across Vertebrates. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3117313. [PMID: 37461608 PMCID: PMC10350200 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3117313/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is pervasive across multicellular species, but what explains differences in cancer prevalence across species? Using 16,049 necropsy records for 292 species spanning three clades (amphibians, sauropsids and mammals) we found that neoplasia and malignancy prevalence increases with adult weight (contrary to Peto's Paradox) and somatic mutation rate, but decreases with gestation time. Evolution of cancer susceptibility appears to have undergone sudden shifts followed by stabilizing selection. Outliers for neoplasia prevalence include the common porpoise (<1.3%), the Rodrigues fruit bat (<1.6%) the black-footed penguin (<0.4%), ferrets (63%) and opossums (35%). Discovering why some species have particularly high or low levels of cancer may lead to a better understanding of cancer syndromes and novel strategies for the management and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Compton
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Valerie Harris
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Walker Mellon
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Shawn Rupp
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Diego Mallo
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Stefania E. Kapsetaki
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Mallory Wilmot
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ryan Kennington
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kathleen Noble
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Cristina Baciu
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Lucia Ramirez
- Genomic Sciences Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ashley Peraza
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Brian Martins
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Sushil Sudhakar
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Selin Aksoy
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Gabriella Furukawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Orsolya Vincze
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Elizabeth G. Duke
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Simon Spiro
- Wildlife Health Services, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Edmund Flach
- Wildlife Health Services, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Davidson
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ashley Zehnder
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Trevor A. Graham
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Brigid Troan
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
- The North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC
| | - Tara M. Harrison
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Marc Tollis
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Peel Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Lisa M. Abegglen
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Peel Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Carlo C. Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Amy M. Boddy
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
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Vazquez JM, Pena MT, Muhammad B, Kraft M, Adams LB, Lynch VJ. Parallel evolution of reduced cancer risk and tumor suppressor duplications in Xenarthra. eLife 2022; 11:82558. [PMID: 36480266 PMCID: PMC9810328 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species, but there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan between species indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Previously we showed that several large bodied Afrotherian lineages evolved reduced intrinsic cancer risk, particularly elephants and their extinct relatives (Proboscideans), coincident with pervasive duplication of tumor suppressor genes (Vazquez and Lynch, 2021). Unexpectedly, we also found that Xenarthrans (sloths, armadillos, and anteaters) evolved very low intrinsic cancer risk. Here, we show that: (1) several Xenarthran lineages independently evolved large bodies, long lifespans, and reduced intrinsic cancer risk; (2) the reduced cancer risk in the stem lineages of Xenarthra and Pilosa coincided with bursts of tumor suppressor gene duplications; (3) cells from sloths proliferate extremely slowly while Xenarthran cells induce apoptosis at very low doses of DNA damaging agents; and (4) the prevalence of cancer is extremely low Xenarthrans, and cancer is nearly absent from armadillos. These data implicate the duplication of tumor suppressor genes in the evolution of remarkably large body sizes and decreased cancer risk in Xenarthrans and suggest they are a remarkably cancer-resistant group of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Biology, Valley Life Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Maria T Pena
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease ProgramBaton RougeUnited States
| | - Baaqeyah Muhammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNYBuffaloUnited States
| | - Morgan Kraft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNYBuffaloUnited States
| | - Linda B Adams
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease ProgramBaton RougeUnited States
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNYBuffaloUnited States
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