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Kotey SK, Tan X, Fleming O, Kasiraju RR, Dagnell AL, Van Pelt KN, Rogers J, Hartson SD, Thadathil N, Selvarani R, Ranjit R, Logan S, Deepa SS, Richardson A, Cheng Y. Intracellular iron accumulation facilitates mycobacterial infection in old mouse macrophages. GeroScience 2024; 46:2739-2754. [PMID: 38159133 PMCID: PMC10828278 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging has a significant impact on the immune system, leading to a gradual decline in immune function and changes in the body's ability to respond to bacterial infections. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical mycobacteria or environmental mycobacteria, are commonly found in soil, water, and various environmental sources. While many NTM species are considered opportunistic pathogens, some can cause significant infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as older individuals. When mycobacteria enter the body, macrophages are among the first immune cells to encounter them and attempt to engulf mycobacteria through a process called phagocytosis. Some NTM species, including Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) can survive and replicate within macrophages. However, little is known about the interaction between NTM and macrophages in older individuals. In this study, we investigated the response of bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMMs) isolated from young (5 months) and old (25 months) mice to M. avium serotype 4, one of the main NTM species in patients with pulmonary NTM diseases. Our results demonstrated that BMMs from old mice have an increased level of intracellular iron and are more susceptible to M. avium serotype 4 infection compared to BMMs from young mice. The whole-cell proteomic analysis indicated a dysregulated expression of iron homeostasis-associated proteins in old BMMs regardless of mycobacterial infection. Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, significantly rescued mycobacterial killing and phagolysosome maturation in BMMs from old mice. Therefore, our data for the first time indicate that an intracellular iron accumulation improves NTM survival within macrophages from old mice and suggest a potential application of iron-chelating drugs as a host-directed therapy for pulmonary NTM infection in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Kotey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Xuejuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Owen Fleming
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ramakrishnama Raju Kasiraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Audrey L Dagnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kyle N Van Pelt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Janet Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Steven D Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sathyaseelan S Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Okalahoma City Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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2
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Pak HH, Haws SA, Green CL, Koller M, Lavarias MT, Richardson NE, Yang SE, Dumas SN, Sonsalla M, Bray L, Johnson M, Barnes S, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Yen CLE, Denu JM, Lamming DW. Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1327-1341. [PMID: 34663973 PMCID: PMC8544824 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) promotes healthy ageing in diverse species. Recently, it has been shown that fasting for a portion of each day has metabolic benefits and promotes lifespan. These findings complicate the interpretation of rodent CR studies, in which animals typically eat only once per day and rapidly consume their food, which collaterally imposes fasting. Here we show that a prolonged fast is necessary for key metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a CR diet. Using a series of feeding regimens, we dissect the effects of calories and fasting, and proceed to demonstrate that fasting alone recapitulates many of the physiological and molecular effects of CR. Our results shed new light on how both when and how much we eat regulate metabolic health and longevity, and demonstrate that daily prolonged fasting, and not solely reduced caloric intake, is likely responsible for the metabolic and geroprotective benefits of a CR diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Spencer A Haws
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mikaela Koller
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell T Lavarias
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shany E Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabrina N Dumas
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsey Bray
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chi-Liang Eric Yen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Mitochondria Lysine Acetylation and Phenotypic Control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:59-70. [PMID: 31452135 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a central role in cellular metabolism and reversible post-translational modifications regulate activity of mitochondrial proteins. Thanks to advances in proteomics, lysine acetylation has arisen as an important post-translational modification in the mitochondrion. During acetylation an acetyl group is covalently attached to the epsilon amino group in the side chain of lysine residues using acetyl-CoA as the substrate donor. Therefore the positive charge is neutralized, and this can affect the function of proteins thereby regulating enzyme activity, protein interactions, and protein stability. The major deacetylase in mitochondria is SIRT3 whose activity regulates many mitochondrial enzymes. The method of choice for the analysis of acetylated proteins foresees the combination of mass spectrometry-based proteomics with affinity enrichment techniques. Beyond the identification of lysine-acetylated proteins, many studies are moving towards the characterization of acetylated patterns in different diseases. Indeed, modifications in lysine acetylation status can directly alter mitochondrial function and, therefore, be linked to human diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer, myocardial injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the progress in the characterization of different lysine acetylation sites, additional studies are needed to differentiate the specific changes with a significant biological relevance.
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Bons J, Macron C, Aude-Garcia C, Vaca-Jacome SA, Rompais M, Cianférani S, Carapito C, Rabilloud T. A Combined N-terminomics and Shotgun Proteomics Approach to Investigate the Responses of Human Cells to Rapamycin and Zinc at the Mitochondrial Level. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1085-1095. [PMID: 31154437 PMCID: PMC6553941 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All but thirteen mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytosol and then imported into the mitochondria. For a significant proportion of the mitochondrial proteins, import is coupled with the cleavage of a presequence called the transit peptide, and the formation of a new N-terminus. Determination of the neo N-termini has been investigated by proteomic approaches in several systems, but generally in a static way to compile as many N-termini as possible. In the present study, we have investigated how the mitochondrial proteome and N-terminome react to chemical stimuli that alter mitochondrial metabolism, namely zinc ions and rapamycin. To this end, we have used a strategy that analyzes both internal and N-terminal peptides in a single run, the dN-TOP approach. We used these two very different stressors to sort out what could be a generic response to stress and what is specific to each of these stressors. Rapamycin and zinc induced different changes in the mitochondrial proteome. However, convergent changes to key mitochondrial enzymatic activities such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were observed for both treatments. Other convergent changes were seen in components of the N-terminal processing system and mitochondrial proteases. Investigations into the generation of neo-N-termini in mitochondria showed that the processing system is robust, as indicated by the lack of change in neo N-termini under the conditions tested. Detailed analysis of the data revealed that zinc caused a slight reduction in the efficiency of the N-terminal trimming system and that both treatments increased the degradation of mitochondrial proteins. In conclusion, the use of this combined strategy allowed a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the mitochondrial N-terminome in response to treatments which impact the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bons
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Macron
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Aude-Garcia
- §Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Alvaro Vaca-Jacome
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Rompais
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- §Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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5
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Santos AL, Sinha S, Lindner AB. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1941285. [PMID: 29743972 PMCID: PMC5878877 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1941285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders. While ROS historically have been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of normal metabolism and associated with several pathologies, recent research has revealed a more complex and beneficial role of ROS in regulating metabolism, development, and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ROS research, focusing on both the beneficial and harmful roles of ROS, many of which are conserved across species from bacteria to humans, in various aspects of cellular physiology. These studies provide a new context for our understanding of the parts ROS play in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the utility of bacterial models to elucidate the molecular pathways by which ROS mediate aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001 & Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sanchari Sinha
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Ariel B. Lindner
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001 & Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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6
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Carter HN, Chen CCW, Hood DA. Mitochondria, muscle health, and exercise with advancing age. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:208-23. [PMID: 25933821 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health is dependent on the optimal function of its mitochondria. With advancing age, decrements in numerous mitochondrial variables are evident in muscle. Part of this decline is due to reduced physical activity, whereas the remainder appears to be attributed to age-related alterations in mitochondrial synthesis and degradation. Exercise is an important strategy to stimulate mitochondrial adaptations in older individuals to foster improvements in muscle function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris C W Chen
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Low abundance of the matrix arm of complex I in mitochondria predicts longevity in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3837. [PMID: 24815183 PMCID: PMC4024759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is an important determinant of the ageing process; however, the mitochondrial properties that enable longevity are not well understood. Here we show that optimal assembly of mitochondrial complex I predicts longevity in mice. Using an unbiased high-coverage high-confidence approach, we demonstrate that electron transport chain proteins, especially the matrix arm subunits of complex I, are decreased in young long-living mice, which is associated with improved complex I assembly, higher complex I-linked state 3 oxygen consumption rates and decreased superoxide production, whereas the opposite is seen in old mice. Disruption of complex I assembly reduces oxidative metabolism with concomitant increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. This is rescued by knockdown of the mitochondrial chaperone, prohibitin. Disrupted complex I assembly causes premature senescence in primary cells. We propose that lower abundance of free catalytic complex I components supports complex I assembly, efficacy of substrate utilization and minimal ROS production, enabling enhanced longevity.
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8
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Plohnke N, Hamann A, Poetsch A, Osiewacz HD, Rögner M, Rexroth S. Proteomic analysis of mitochondria from senescent Podospora anserina casts new light on ROS dependent aging mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:13-25. [PMID: 24556281 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA) states that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the respiratory electron transport chain are active in causing age-related damage of biomolecules like lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Accumulation of this kind of damage results in functional impairments, aging and death of biological systems. Here we report data of an analysis to monitor the age-related quantitative protein composition of the mitochondria of the fungal aging model Podospora anserina. The impact of senescence on mitochondrial protein composition was analyzed by LC-MS. In an untargeted proteomic approach, we identified 795 proteins in samples from juvenile and senescent wild-type cultures and obtained quantitative information for 226 of these proteins by spectral counting. Despite the broad coverage of the proteome, no substantial changes in known age-related pathways could be observed. For a more detailed analysis, a targeted proteome analysis was applied focusing on 15 proteins from respiratory, ROS-scavenging and quality control pathways. Analyzing six distinct age-stages from juvenile to senescent P. anserina cultures revealed low, but statistically significant changes for the mitochondrial respiratory complexes. A P. anserina PaSod3 over-expression mutant with a phenotype of mitochondrial ROS over-production was used for biological evaluation of changes observed during aging. LC-MS analysis of the mutant revealed severe changes to the mitochondrial proteome--substantially larger than observed during senescence. Interestingly the amount of ATP synthase subunit g, involved in cristae formation is significantly decreased in the mutant implicating ROS-induced impairments in ATP synthase dimer and cristae formation. The difference between protein-profiles of aging wild type and ROS stressed mutant suggests that oxidative stress within the mitochondria is not the dominating mechanism for the aging process in P. anserina. Collectively, while our data do not exclude an effect of ROS on specific proteins and in signaling and control of pathways which are governing aging of P. anserina, it contradicts increasing ROS as a cause of a gross general and non-selective accumulation of damaged proteins during senescence. Instead, ROS may be effective by controlling specific regulators of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Plohnke
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hamann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty for Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty for Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sascha Rexroth
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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9
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Chaves DFS, Carvalho PC, Lima DB, Nicastro H, Lorenzeti FM, Siqueira-Filho M, Hirabara SM, Alves PHM, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Lancha AH. Comparative proteomic analysis of the aging soleus and extensor digitorum longus rat muscles using TMT labeling and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4532-46. [PMID: 24001182 PMCID: PMC3845496 DOI: 10.1021/pr400644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia describes an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function that ultimately impairs metabolism and leads to poor balance, frequent falling, limited mobility, and a reduction in quality of life. Here we investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia through a proteomic shotgun approach. In brief, we employed tandem mass tags to quantitate and compare the protein profiles obtained from young versus old rat slow-twitch type of muscle (soleus) and a fast-twitch type of muscle (extensor digitorum longus, EDL). Our results disclose 3452 and 1848 proteins identified from soleus and EDL muscles samples, of which 78 and 174 were found to be differentially expressed, respectively. In general, most of the proteins were structural related and involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, detoxification, or transport. Aging affected soleus and EDL muscles differently, and several proteins were regulated in opposite ways. For example, pyruvate kinase had its expression and activity different in both soleus and EDL muscles. We were able to verify with existing literature many of our differentially expressed proteins as candidate aging biomarkers and, most importantly, disclose several new candidate biomarkers such as the glioblastoma amplified sequence, zero β-globin, and prolargin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F S Chaves
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Chuang YL, Hsu CY. Changes in mitochondrial energy utilization in young and old worker honeybees (Apis mellifera). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1867-1879. [PMID: 23179252 PMCID: PMC3776127 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Trophocytes and fat cells in honeybees (Apis mellifera) have served as targets for cellular senescence studies, but mitochondrial energy utilization with advancing age in workers is unknown. In this study, mitochondrial energy utilization was evaluated in the trophocytes and fat cells of young and old workers reared in a field hive. The results showed that (1) mitochondrial density increased with advancing age; (2) mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD(+)) concentration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, and NAD(+)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) ratio decreased with advancing age; and (3) the expression of NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1), ATP synthase, and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) increased with advancing age, whereas ND1 and ATP synthase did not differ with advancing age after normalization to mitochondrial density and VDAC1. These results show that the trophocytes and fat cells of young workers have higher mitochondrial energy utilization efficiency than those of old workers and that aging results in a decline in mitochondrial energy utilization in the trophocytes and fat cells of worker honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lung Chuang
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yuan Hsu
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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11
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Shinmura K. Post-translational modification of mitochondrial proteins by caloric restriction: possible involvement in caloric restriction-induced cardioprotection. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 23:18-25. [PMID: 23312135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that members of the sirtuin family, most of which work as NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases, mediate the preferable effects of caloric restriction. Since mitochondria play a central role in cardiac reactive oxygen species production, targeted modification of mitochondrial proteins and subsequent improvement in mitochondrial function have the potential for controlling cardiovascular senescence and managing cardiovascular diseases such as ischemia/reperfusion. We showed that caloric restriction primes cardiac mitochondria for ischemic stress by deacetylating specific mitochondrial proteins of the electron transport chain. We speculate that deacetylation of specific mitochondrial proteins by sirtuin preserves mitochondrial function and attenuates myocardial oxidative damage during ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shinmura
- Ken Shinmura is at the Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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12
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Effects of caloric restriction on cardiac oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics: potential role of cardiac sirtuins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:528935. [PMID: 23577224 PMCID: PMC3614061 DOI: 10.1155/2013/528935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The biology of aging has not been fully clarified, but the free radical theory of aging is one of the strongest aging theories proposed to date. The free radical theory has been expanded to the oxidative stress theory, in which mitochondria play a central role in the development of the aging process because of their critical roles in bioenergetics, oxidant production, and regulation of cell death. A decline in cardiac mitochondrial function associated with the accumulation of oxidative damage might be responsible, at least in part, for the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, lifelong caloric restriction can attenuate functional decline with age, delay the onset of morbidity, and extend lifespan in various species. The effect of caloric restriction appears to be related to a reduction in cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species. There is increasing evidence that sirtuins play an essential role in the reduction of mitochondrial oxidative stress during caloric restriction. We speculate that cardiac sirtuins attenuate the accumulation of oxidative damage associated with age by modifying specific mitochondrial proteins posttranscriptionally. Therefore, the distinct role of each sirtuin in the heart subjected to caloric restriction should be clarified to translate sirtuin biology into clinical practice.
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Takeda K, Tasai M, Iwamoto M, Oe M, Chikuni K, Nakamura Y, Tagami T, Nirasawa K, Hanada H, Pinkert CA, Onishi A. Comparative proteomic analysis of liver mitochondrial proteins derived from cloned adult pigs reconstructed with Meishan pig fibroblast cells and European pig enucleated oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2011; 58:248-53. [PMID: 22188878 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been exploited in efforts to clone and propagate valuable animal lineages. However, in many instances, recipient oocytes are obtained from sources independent of donor cell populations. As such, influences of potential nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility, post SCNT, are largely unknown. In the present study, alterations in mitochondrial protein levels were investigated in adult SCNT pigs produced by microinjection of Meishan pig fetus fibroblast cells into enucleated matured oocytes (maternal Landrace genetic background). Mitochondrial fractions were prepared from liver samples by mechanical homogenization and differential centrifugation. Liver mitochondria were then subjected to two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE). Protein expression changes were confirmed with a volume ratio greater than 2 fold (P<0.05). 2-D DIGE analysis further revealed differential expression of three proteins between the Meishan (n=3) and Landrace (n=3) breeds. Differential expression patterns of 16 proteins were detected in SCNT pig liver tissue (n=3) when compared with Meishan control samples. However, none of the 16 proteins correlated with the three differentially expressed Meishan and Landrace liver mitochondrial proteins. In summary, alteration of mitochondrial protein expression levels was observed in adult SCNT pigs that did not reflect the breed difference of the recipient oocytes. Comparative proteomic analysis represents an important tool for further studies on SCNT animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takeda
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
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14
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Amelina H, Sjödin MOD, Bergquist J, Cristobal S. Quantitative subproteomic analysis of age-related changes in mouse liver peroxisomes by iTRAQ LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3393-400. [PMID: 21963482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, which is believed to result from the accumulation of cellular damage to biological macromolecules. Peroxisomes recently emerged as another important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in addition to mitochondria. However, the role of these organelles in the process of aging is still not clear. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in protein expression profiles of young (10 weeks old) versus old (18 months old) mouse liver peroxisome-enriched fractions. We have applied shotgun proteomic approach based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) labeling that allows comparative quantitative multiplex analysis. Our analysis led to identification and quantification of 150 proteins, 8 out of which were differentially expressed between two age groups at a statistically significant level (p<0.05), with folds ranging from 1.2 to 4.1. These proteins involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation, detoxification of xenobiotics and production of ROS. Noteworthy, differences in liver proteome have been observed between as well as within different age groups. In conclusion, our subproteomic quantitative study suggests that mouse liver proteome is sufficiently maintained until certain age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Amelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Santin K, da Rocha RF, Cechetti F, Quincozes-Santos A, de Souza DF, Nardin P, Rodrigues L, Leite MC, Moreira JCF, Salbego CG, Gonçalves CA. Moderate exercise training and chronic caloric restriction modulate redox status in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2011; 1421:1-10. [PMID: 21974860 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been related to antioxidant adaptations, which is associated with health benefits, including those to the nervous system. Additionally, available data suggest exercise and a caloric restriction regimen may reduce both the incidence and severity of neurological disorders. Therefore, our aim was to compare hippocampal redox status and glial parameters among sedentary, trained, caloric-restricted sedentary and caloric-restricted trained rats. Forty male adult rats were divided into 4 groups: ad libitum-fed sedentary (AS), ad libitum-fed exercise training (AE), calorie-restricted sedentary (RS) and calorie-restricted exercise training (RE). The caloric restriction (decrease of 30% in food intake) and exercise training (moderate in a treadmill) were carried out for 3 months. Thereafter hippocampus was surgically removed, and then redox and glial parameters were assessed. Increases in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) were observed in AE, RS and RE. The nitrite/nitrate levels decreased only in RE. We found a decrease in carbonyl content in AE, RS and RE, while no modifications were detected in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, S100B and glial fibrilary acid protein (GFAP) content did not change, but caloric restriction was able to increase glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in RS and glutamate uptake in RS and RE. Exercise training, caloric restriction and both combined can decrease oxidative damage in the hippocampus, possibly involving modulation of astroglial function, and could be used as a strategy for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Santin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
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16
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Shinmura K, Tamaki K, Sano M, Nakashima-Kamimura N, Wolf AM, Amo T, Ohta S, Katsumata Y, Fukuda K, Ishiwata K, Suematsu M, Adachi T. Caloric restriction primes mitochondria for ischemic stress by deacetylating specific mitochondrial proteins of the electron transport chain. Circ Res 2011; 109:396-406. [PMID: 21700931 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.243097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Caloric restriction (CR) confers cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the exact mechanism(s) underlying CR-induced cardioprotection remain(s) unknown. Recent evidence indicates that Sirtuins, NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases, regulate various favorable aspects of the CR response. Thus, we hypothesized that deacetylation of specific mitochondrial proteins during CR preserves mitochondrial function and attenuates production of reactive oxygen species during ischemia/reperfusion. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study were (1) to investigate the effect of CR on mitochondrial function and mitochondrial proteome and (2) to investigate what molecular mechanisms mediate CR-induced cardioprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS Male 26-week-old Fischer344 rats were randomly divided into ad libitum-fed and CR (40% reduction) groups for 6 months. No change was observed in basal mitochondrial function, but CR preserved postischemic mitochondrial respiration and attenuated postischemic mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production. CR decreased the level of acetylated mitochondrial proteins that were associated with enhanced Sirtuin activity in the mitochondrial fraction. We confirmed a significant decrease in the acetylated forms of NDUFS1 and cytochrome bc1 complex Rieske subunit in the CR heart. Low-dose resveratrol treatment mimicked the effect of CR on deacetylating them and attenuated reactive oxygen species production during anoxia/reoxygenation in cultured cardiomyocytes without changing the expression levels of manganese superoxide dismutase. Treatment with nicotinamide completely abrogated the effect of low-dose resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that CR primes mitochondria for stress resistance by deacetylating specific mitochondrial proteins of the electron transport chain. Targeted deacetylation of NDUFS1 and/or Rieske subunit might have potential as a novel therapeutic approach for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shinmura
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Musicco C, Capelli V, Pesce V, Timperio AM, Calvani M, Mosconi L, Cantatore P, Gadaleta MN. Rat liver mitochondrial proteome: changes associated with aging and acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2536-47. [PMID: 21672642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a central role in aging and in several age-linked diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. Mitochondria, as the main cellular source and target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging, are recognized as very important players in the above reported diseases. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been reported in several aging tissues. Defective mitochondria are not only responsible of bioenergetically less efficient cells but also increase ROS production further contributing to tissues oxidative stress. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is a biomolecule able to limit age-linked mitochondrial decay in brain, liver, heart and skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial efficiency. Here the global changes induced by aging and by ALCAR supplementation to old rat on the mitochondrial proteome of rat liver has been analyzed by means of the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry has been used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. A significant age-related change occurred in 31 proteins involved in several metabolisms. ALCAR supplementation altered the levels of 26 proteins. In particular, ALCAR reversed the age-related alterations of 10 mitochondrial proteins relative to mitochondrial cristae morphology, to the oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant systems, to urea cycle, to purine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Musicco
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Bari, Italy.
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Staunton L, O'Connell K, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic Profiling of Mitochondrial Enzymes during Skeletal Muscle Aging. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:908035. [PMID: 21437005 PMCID: PMC3062155 DOI: 10.4061/2011/908035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are of central importance for energy generation in skeletal muscles. Expression changes or functional alterations in mitochondrial enzymes play a key role during myogenesis, fibre maturation, and various neuromuscular pathologies, as well as natural fibre aging. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics suggests itself as a convenient large-scale and high-throughput approach to catalogue the mitochondrial protein complement and determine global changes during health and disease. This paper gives a brief overview of the relatively new field of mitochondrial proteomics and discusses the findings from recent proteomic surveys of mitochondrial elements in aged skeletal muscles. Changes in the abundance, biochemical activity, subcellular localization, and/or posttranslational modifications in key mitochondrial enzymes might be useful as novel biomarkers of aging. In the long term, this may advance diagnostic procedures, improve the monitoring of disease progression, help in the testing of side effects due to new drug regimes, and enhance our molecular understanding of age-related muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Staunton
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Lu J, E L, Wang W, Frontera J, Zhu H, Wang WT, Lee P, Choi IY, Brooks WM, Burns JM, Aires D, Swerdlow RH. Alternate day fasting impacts the brain insulin-signaling pathway of young adult male C57BL/6 mice. J Neurochem 2011; 117:154-63. [PMID: 21244426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has recognized health benefits that may extend to brain. We examined how DR affects bioenergetics-relevant enzymes and signaling pathways in the brains of C57BL/6 mice. Five-month-old male mice were placed in ad libitum or one of two repeated fasting and refeeding (RFR) groups, an alternate day (intermittent fed; IF) or alternate day plus antioxidants (blueberry, pomegranate, and green tea extracts) (IF + AO) fed group. During the 24-h fast blood glucose levels initially fell but stabilized within 6 h of starting the fast, thus avoiding frank hypoglycemia. DR in general appeared to enhance insulin sensitivity. After six weeks brain AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta phosphorylation were lower in the RFR mice, suggesting RFR reduced brain insulin-signaling pathway activity. Pathways that mediate mitochondrial biogenesis were not activated; AMP kinase phosphorylation, silent information regulator 2 phosphorylation, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha levels, and cytochrome oxidase subunit 4 levels did not change. ATP levels also did not decline, which suggests the RFR protocols did not directly impact brain bioenergetics. Antioxidant supplementation did not affect the brain parameters we evaluated. Our data indicate in young adult male C57BL/6 mice, RFR primarily affects brain energy metabolism by reducing brain insulin signaling, which potentially results indirectly as a consequence of reduced peripheral insulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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20
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Gianazza E, Eberini I, Sensi C, Barile M, Vergani L, Vanoni MA. Energy matters: mitochondrial proteomics for biomedicine. Proteomics 2011; 11:657-74. [PMID: 21241019 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review compiles results of medical relevance from mitochondrial proteomics, grouped either according to the type of disease - genetic or degenerative - or to the involved mechanism - oxidative stress or apoptosis. The findings are commented in the light of our current understanding of uniformity/variability in cell responses to different stimuli. Specificities in the conceptual and technical approaches to human mitochondrial proteomics are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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21
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Silvestri E, Lombardi A, de Lange P, Glinni D, Senese R, Cioffi F, Lanni A, Goglia F, Moreno M. Studies of complex biological systems with applications to molecular medicine: the need to integrate transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011:810242. [PMID: 20981256 PMCID: PMC2963870 DOI: 10.1155/2011/810242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches to the study of complex biological systems with potential applications to molecular medicine are attracting great interest in clinical as well as in basic biological research. Genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics are characterized by the lack of an a priori definition of scope, and this gives sufficient leeway for investigators (a) to discern all at once a globally altered pattern of gene/protein expression and (b) to examine the complex interactions that regulate entire biological processes. Two popular platforms in "omics" are DNA microarrays, which measure messenger RNA transcript levels, and proteomic analyses, which identify and quantify proteins. Because of their intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, no single approach can fully unravel the complexities of fundamental biological events. However, an appropriate combination of different tools could lead to integrative analyses that would furnish new insights not accessible through one-dimensional datasets. In this review, we will outline some of the challenges associated with integrative analyses relating to the changes in metabolic pathways that occur in complex pathophysiological conditions (viz. ageing and altered thyroid state) in relevant metabolically active tissues. In addition, we discuss several new applications of proteomic analysis to the investigation of mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Sezione Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Glinni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Cerqueira FM, Kowaltowski AJ. Commonly adopted caloric restriction protocols often involve malnutrition. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:424-30. [PMID: 20493280 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition without malnutrition is an intervention that enhances laboratory animal life span, and is widely studied to uncover factors limiting longevity. In a search of the literature over a course of four years, we found that most protocols currently adopted as caloric restriction do not meet micronutrient standards set by the National Research Council for laboratory rats and mice. We provide evidence that the most commonly adopted caloric restriction protocol, a 40% restriction of the AIN-93 diet without vitamin or mineral supplementation, leads to malnutrition in both mice and rats. Furthermore, others and we find that every other day feeding, another dietary intervention often referred to as caloric restriction, does not limit the total amount of calories consumed. Altogether, we propose that the term "caloric restriction" should be used specifically to describe diets that decrease calorie intake but not micronutrient availability, and that protocols adopted should be described in detail in order to allow for comparisons and better understanding of the effects of these diets.
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23
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Alves RMP, Vitorino R, Figueiredo P, Duarte JA, Ferreira R, Amado F. Lifelong physical activity modulation of the skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome in mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:832-42. [PMID: 20513666 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lifestyle on the aging alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins. Thirty C57BL/6 strain mice (2 months) were randomly divided into three groups (young, Y; old sedentary, S; and old active, A). The S and A mice were individually placed into standard cages and in cages with running wheels for 25 months. Upon killing, mitochondria from the hind limb skeletal muscles were isolated for the evaluation of general proteome alterations, carbonylation, and electron transport chain (ETC) activity. We identified 77 different proteins mostly from the oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial metabolism. Sedentary mice presented a significant loss of ETC functionality in opposition to active mice. Although some proteins were found damaged in both A and S mice, damage to ETC proteins was more evident in S. Moreover, it is also possible to conclude that lifestyle is a key modulator for preventing the aging-induced protein expression and functionality in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato M P Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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24
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O'Connell K, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic DIGE analysis of the mitochondria-enriched fraction from aged rat skeletal muscle. Proteomics 2010; 9:5509-24. [PMID: 19834913 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is associated with a loss in tissue mass and contractile strength, as well as fiber type shifting and bioenergetic adaptation processes. Since mitochondria represent the primary site for energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation, we investigated potential changes in the expression pattern of the mitochondrial proteome using the highly sensitive DIGE approach. The comparative analysis of the mitochondria-enriched fraction from young adult versus aged muscle revealed an age-related change in abundance for 39 protein species. MS technology identified the majority of altered proteins as constituents of muscle mitochondria. An age-dependent increase was observed for NADH dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial inner membrane protein mitofilin, peroxiredoxin isoform PRX-III, ATPase synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial fission protein Fis1, succinate-coenzyme A ligase, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, porin isoform VDAC2, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core I protein and prohibitin. Immunoblotting, enzyme testing and confocal microscopy were used to validate proteomic findings. The DIGE-identified increase in key mitochondrial elements during aging agrees with the concept that sarcopenia is associated with a shift to a slower contractile phenotype and more pronounced aerobic-oxidative metabolism. This suggests that mitochondrial markers are reliable candidates that should be included in the future establishment of a biomarker signature of skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen O'Connell
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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25
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Dani D, Shimokawa I, Komatsu T, Higami Y, Warnken U, Schokraie E, Schnölzer M, Krause F, Sugawa MD, Dencher NA. Modulation of oxidative phosphorylation machinery signifies a prime mode of anti-ageing mechanism of calorie restriction in male rat liver mitochondria. Biogerontology 2009; 11:321-34. [PMID: 19894137 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria being the major source and target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role during ageing. We analyzed ageing and calorie restriction (CR)-induced changes in abundance of rat liver mitochondrial proteins to understand key aspects behind the age-retarding mechanism of CR. The combination of blue-native (BN) gel system with fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) facilitated an efficient analysis of soluble and membrane proteins, existing as monomers or multi-protein assemblies. Changes in abundance of specific key subunits of respiratory chain complexes I, IV and V, critical for activity and/or assembly of the complexes were identified. CR lowered complex I assembly and complex IV activity, which is discussed as a molecular mechanism to minimize ROS production at mitochondria. Notably, the antioxidant system was found to be least affected. The GSH:GSSG couple could be depicted as a rapid mean to handle the fluctuations in ROS levels led by reversible metabolic shifts. We evaluated the relative significance of ROS generation against quenching. We also observed parallel and unidirectional changes as effect of ageing and CR, in subunits of ATP synthase, cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase. This is the first report on such 'putatively hormetic' ageing-analogous effects of CR, besides the age-retarding ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Dani
- Physical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 22, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Ribeiro LC, Quincozes-Santos A, Leite MC, Abib RT, Kleinkauf-Rocha J, Biasibetti R, Rotta LN, Wofchuk ST, Perry MLS, Gonçalves CA, Gottfried C. Caloric restriction increases hippocampal glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in Wistar rats. Neurosci Res 2009; 64:330-4. [PMID: 19376166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that caloric restriction (CR) protects the central nervous system from several pathological conditions. The impairment of astroglial cell function, including glutamate uptake, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and S100B secretion, may contribute to the progression of neurological disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate hippocampal astrocytic changes in response to CR diet, measuring astroglial parameters, such as glutamate uptake, GS activity and the immunocontent of GFAP and S100B. Blood biochemical parameters were also analyzed. Rats (60-day old) were fed ad libitum or on CR diets for 12 weeks. CR-fed rats showed approximately 16% less body weight gain than control rats. The CR diet was able to induce a significant increase in glutamate uptake (23%) and in GS activity (26%). There were no statistically significant differences in the immunocontent of either GFAP or S100B. In summary, the present study indicates that CR also modulates astrocyte functions by increasing glutamate uptake and GS activity, suggesting that CR might exert its neuroprotective effects against brain illness by modulation of astrocytic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Carina Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Ruiz-Romero C, Blanco FJ. Mitochondrial proteomics and its application in biomedical research. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:1130-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b906296n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Valle A, Silvestri E, Moreno M, Chambery A, Oliver J, Roca P, Goglia F. Combined Effect of Gender and Caloric Restriction on Liver Proteomic Expression Profile. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:2872-81. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800086t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adamo Valle
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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