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Shi Q, Wang J, Malik H, Li X, Streeter J, Sharafuddin J, Weatherford E, Stein D, Itan Y, Chen B, Hall D, Song LS, Abel ED. IRS2 Signaling Protects Against Stress-Induced Arrhythmia by Maintaining Ca 2+ Homeostasis. Circulation 2024; 150:1966-1983. [PMID: 39253856 PMCID: PMC11631690 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The docking protein IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate protein-2) is an important mediator of insulin signaling and may also regulate other signaling pathways. Murine hearts with cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of Irs2 (cIRS2-KO) are more susceptible to pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, implying a critical protective role of IRS2 in cardiac adaptation to stress through mechanisms that are not fully understood. There is limited evidence regarding the function of IRS2 beyond metabolic homeostasis regulation, particularly in the context of cardiac disease. METHODS A retrospective analysis of an electronic medical record database was conducted to identify patients with IRS2 variants and assess their risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmia susceptibility was examined in cIRS2-KO mice. The underlying mechanisms were investigated using confocal calcium imaging of ex vivo whole hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes to assess calcium handling, Western blotting to analyze the involved signaling pathways, and pharmacological and genetic interventions to rescue arrhythmias in cIRS2-KO mice. RESULTS The retrospective analysis identified patients with IRS2 variants of uncertain significance with a potential association to an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias compared with matched controls. cIRS2-KO hearts were found to be prone to catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia and reperfusion ventricular tachycardia. Confocal calcium imaging of ex vivo whole hearts and single isolated cardiomyocytes from cIRS2-KO hearts revealed decreased Ca²⁺ transient amplitudes, increased spontaneous Ca²⁺ sparks, and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content during sympathetic stress, indicating sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. We identified that overactivation of the AKT1/NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3)/CaMKII (Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II)/RyR2 (type 2 ryanodine receptor) signaling pathway led to calcium mishandling and catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia in cIRS2-KO hearts. Pharmacological AKT inhibition or genetic stabilization of RyR2 rescued catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia in cIRS2-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac IRS2 inhibits sympathetic stress-induced AKT/NOS3/CaMKII/RyR2 overactivation and calcium-dependent arrhythmogenesis. This novel IRS2 signaling axis, essential for maintaining cardiac calcium homeostasis under stress, presents a promising target for developing new antiarrhythmic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hamza Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xuguang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jennifer Streeter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jacob Sharafuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Eric Weatherford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David Stein
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Biyi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Duane Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Current address, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Chhabra Y, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Brooks TL, Brooks AJ, Waters MJ. Roles of Growth Hormone-Dependent JAK-STAT5 and Lyn Kinase Signaling in Determining Lifespan and Cancer Incidence. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae136. [PMID: 39378329 PMCID: PMC11500606 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
In rodents, loss of growth hormone (GH) or its receptor is associated with extended lifespan. We aimed to determine the signaling process resulting in this longevity using GH receptor (GHR)-mutant mice with key signaling pathways deleted and correlate this with cancer incidence and expression of genes associated with longevity. GHR uses both canonical janus kinase (JAK)2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling as well as signaling via the LYN-ERK1/2 pathway. We used C57BL/6 mice with loss of key receptor tyrosines and truncation resulting in 1) loss of most STAT5 response to GH; 2) total inability to generate STAT5 to GH; 3) loss of Box1 to prevent activation of JAK2 but not LYN kinase; or 4) total knockout of the receptor. For each mutant we analyzed lifespan, histopathology to determine likely cause of death, and hepatic gene and protein expression. The extended lifespan is evident in the Box1-mutant males (retains Lyn activation), which have a median lifespan of 1016 days compared to 890 days for the Ghr-/- males. In the females, GhrBox1-/- mice have a median lifespan of 970 days compared to 911 days for the knockout females. Sexually dimorphic GHR-STAT5 is repressive for longevity, since its removal results in a median lifespan of 1003 days in females compared to 734 days for wild-type females. Numerous transcripts related to insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress response, and mitochondrial function are regulated by GHR-STAT5; however, LYN-responsive genes involve DNA repair, cell cycle control, and anti-inflammatory response. There appears to be a yin-yang relationship between JAK2 and LYN that determines lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chhabra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4069, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4069, Australia
| | - Tania Louise Brooks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4069, Australia
| | - Andrew James Brooks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4069, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J Waters
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4069, Australia
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Nouri S, Mahmoudi T, Hojjati F, Najafabadi ZN, Shafiee R, Sayedsalehi S, Dehghanitafti A, Ardalani A, Kohansal K, Rezamand G, Asadi A, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Farahani H, Tabaeian SP, Zali MR. Insulin receptor substrate 2 gene Gly1057Asp polymorphism is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lab Med 2024; 55:215-219. [PMID: 37481466 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is an emerging global chronic liver disease, has a close association with insulin resistance. We aimed to determine whether the Gly1057Asp (rs1805097) polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) gene is associated with NAFLD. METHODS Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, 135 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 135 controls underwent IRS2 genotype analysis. RESULTS Genotype and allele distributions of the IRS2 gene Gly1057Asp variant conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both the case and control groups (P > .05). The Asp/Asp genotype of IRS2 gene Gly1057Asp polymorphism compared with Gly/Gly genotype was associated with a 2.1-fold increased risk for NAFLD after adjustment for confounding factors (P = .029; odds ratio = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.23-3.97). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed for the first time that the Gly1057Asp Asp/Asp genotype of the IRS2 gene is a marker of increased NAFLD susceptibility; however, studies in other populations are required to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Nouri
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hojjati
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Radmehr Shafiee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Sayedsalehi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Dehghanitafti
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ardalani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Kohansal
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bale LK, West SA, Conover CA. Brain-specific PAPP-A knock-out mice? Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111548. [PMID: 34509589 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PAPP-A knock-out (KO) mice are a valuable model for investigating the effects of down-regulating localized insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action, which has been shown to extend lifespan and healthspan when the PAPP-A gene is globally deleted. Based on previous mouse models of brain-specific reduction in IGF signaling associated with longevity, we sought to generate brain-specific PAPP-A KO mice and determine effects on metabolism and lifespan. Mice with the PAPP-A gene floxed (fPAPP-A) were crossed with Nestin promoter-driven Cre recombinase transgenic mice. This cross-breeding of mice for Nestin-Cre and mice with other floxed target alleles has been used extensively to investigate brain-specific effects. Our cross-breeding generated four genotypes for study: fPAPP-A/Nestin positive (brain-specific PAPP-A KO); fPAPP-A/Nestin negative (Control for floxed PAPP-A); WT/Nestin positive (Control for Nestin-Cre); WT/Nestin negative (Wild-type Control). The basic genotype screen of neonatal tail snip DNA clearly indicated PAPP-A gene status and the presence (pos) or absence (neg) of Nestin-Cre. We then determined tissue specificity of PAPP-A gene excision. We had expected fPAPP-A/pos mice to be relatively brain-specific for PAPP-A gene deletion and the controls (fPAPP-A/neg, WT/neg and WT/pos mice) to show no effect on PAPP-A expression in brain or other tissues. However, in fPAPP-A/neg mice we found evidence of PAPP-A excision in all tissues examined, i.e., in the presumed absence of Nestin-Cre, indicating germline recombination. We further found that fPAPP-A/pos mice showed near complete excision of the PAPP-A gene in brain, but some also showed germline recombination affecting all tissues tested. To determine if the level of excision indicated by tissue genotyping approximated PAPP-A mRNA expression, we performed RT-qPCR. fPAPP-A/pos mice that showed markedly decreased whole brain PAPP-A mRNA expression (~80%), with little or no effect on expression in the other tissues tested, were designated as "brain-specific" PAPP-A KO. fPAPP-A/pos mice that showed germline recombination had similar decreases in PAPP-A expression in brain but also showed 40-65% decreased PAPP-A mRNA expression in other tissues as well, which was especially striking in kidney, tibia, thymus and spleen. These were designated as "non-specific" PAPP-A KO mice. With unknown and unpredictable specificity until harvest, we chose to assess a surrogate marker of lifespan i.e., thymic involution, in 15- to 18-month-old fPAPP-A/pos and WT/pos mice, the latter an important control for a possible effect of Nestin-Cre per se. Diminished thymic involution as indicated by increased thymic weight (135%, P = 0.035) and decreased histological disruption was seen in "non-specific" PAPP-A KO mice, similar to what was previously reported in 18-month-old global PAPP-A KO mice. There was no significant difference between "brain-specific" PAPP-A KO and control mice. This study highlights the importance of thorough characterization of assumed tissue-specific mouse models and awareness of potential germline recombination for proper data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Bale
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Sally A West
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
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Romain G, Opacka-Juffry J. Cerebral ageing-the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling: A review. World J Neurol 2014; 4:12-22. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v4.i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ageing is a complex biological process associated with progressing cerebrovascular disease and neuronal death. It does not always, however, associate with a functional decline, as the ageing mammalian brain retains considerable functional plasticity which supports successful cerebral ageing where age-related cognitive decline is modest. On the contrary, pathological cerebral ageing results in memory impairment and cognitive deterioration, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being a florid example. Trophic/growth factors promote brain plasticity; among them are peptides which belong to the insulin family. Preclinical research suggests that the evolutionarily conserved brain insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signalling system controls lifespan and protects against some features of AD such as neurodegeneration-related accumulation of toxic proteins and cognitive deficiencies, as observed in animal models. Insulin and IGF-1 activate cell signalling mechanisms which play protective and regenerative roles; abnormalities in the insulin/IGF-1 system may trigger a cascade of neurodegeneration in AD. AD patients show cerebral resistance to insulin which associates with IGF-I resistance and dysregulation of insulin/IGF-1 receptors as well as cognitive deterioration. This review is focused on the roles of the insulin/IGF-1 signalling system in cerebral ageing and its potential involvement in neurodegeneration in the human brain as seen against the background of preclinical evidence.
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El-Ami T, Moll L, Carvalhal Marques F, Volovik Y, Reuveni H, Cohen E. A novel inhibitor of the insulin/IGF signaling pathway protects from age-onset, neurodegeneration-linked proteotoxicity. Aging Cell 2014; 13:165-74. [PMID: 24261972 PMCID: PMC4326862 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging manipulation is an emerging strategy aimed to postpone the manifestation of late-onset neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Huntington’s diseases (HD) and to slow their progression once emerged. Reducing the activity of the insulin/IGF signaling cascade (IIS), a prominent aging-regulating pathway, protects worms from proteotoxicity of various aggregative proteins, including the AD-associated peptide, Aβ- and the HD-linked peptide, polyQ40. Similarly, IGF1 signaling reduction protects mice from AD-like disease. These discoveries suggest that IIS inhibitors can serve as new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative maladies including AD and HD. Here, we report that NT219, a novel IIS inhibitor, mediates a long-lasting, highly efficient inhibition of this signaling cascade by a dual mechanism; it reduces the autophosphorylation of the IGF1 receptor and directs the insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS 1/2) for degradation. NT219 treatment promotes stress resistance and protects nematodes from AD- and HD-associated proteotoxicity without affecting lifespan. Our discoveries strengthen the theme that IIS inhibition has a therapeutic potential as a cure for neurodegenerative maladies and point at NT219 as a promising compound for the treatment of these disorders through a selective manipulation of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayir El-Ami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC); The Hebrew University School of Medicine; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Lorna Moll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC); The Hebrew University School of Medicine; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Filipa Carvalhal Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC); The Hebrew University School of Medicine; Jerusalem Israel
- Faculty of Medicine; Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (COCV); Institute for Biomedical Research in Light and Image (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Yuli Volovik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC); The Hebrew University School of Medicine; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Ehud Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC); The Hebrew University School of Medicine; Jerusalem Israel
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Laslo M, Sun X, Hsiao CT, Wu WW, Shen RF, Zou S. A botanical containing freeze dried açai pulp promotes healthy aging and reduces oxidative damage in sod1 knockdown flies. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1117-32. [PMID: 22639178 PMCID: PMC3705126 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a critical enzyme against oxidative stress, is implicated in aging and degenerative diseases. We previously showed that a nutraceutical containing freeze-dried açai pulp promotes survival of flies fed a high-fat diet or sod1 knockdown flies fed a standard diet. Here, we investigated the effect of açai supplementation initiated at the early or late young adulthood on lifespan, physiological function, and oxidative damage in sod1 knockdown flies. We found that Açai supplementation extended lifespan even when started at the age of 10 days, which is the time shortly before the mortality rate of flies accelerated. Life-long açai supplementation increased lifetime reproductive output in sod1 knockdown flies. Our molecular studies indicate that açai supplementation reduced the protein levels of genes involved in oxidative stress response, cellular growth, and nutrient metabolism. Açai supplementation also affected the protein levels of ribosomal proteins. In addition, açai supplementation decreased the transcript levels of genes involved in oxidative stress response and gluconeogenesis, while increasing the transcript levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes. Moreover, açai supplementation reduced the level of 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, a lipid peroxidation marker. Our findings suggest that açai supplementation promotes healthy aging in sod1-deficient flies partly through reducing oxidative damage, and modulating nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways. Our findings provide a foundation to further evaluate the viability of using açai as an effective dietary intervention to promote healthy aging and alleviate symptoms of diseases with a high level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Laslo
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Cheng-Te Hsiao
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Wells W. Wu
- />Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- />Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sige Zou
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Abstract
Secretion of growth hormone (GH), and consequently that of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), declines over time until only low levels can be detected in individuals aged ≥60 years. This phenomenon, which is known as the 'somatopause', has led to recombinant human GH being widely promoted and abused as an antiageing drug, despite lack of evidence of efficacy. By contrast, several mutations that decrease the tone of the GH/IGF-1 axis are associated with extended longevity in mice. In humans, corresponding or similar mutations have been identified, but whether these mutations alter longevity has yet to be established. The powerful effect of reduced GH activity on lifespan extension in mice has generated the hypothesis that pharmaceutically inhibiting, rather than increasing, GH action might delay ageing. Moreover, mice as well as humans with reduced activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis are protected from cancer and diabetes mellitus, two major ageing-related morbidities. Here, we review data on mouse strains with alterations in the GH/IGF-1 axis and their effects on lifespan. The outcome of corresponding or similar mutations in humans is described, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying increased longevity and the therapeutic benefits and risks of medical disruption of the GH/IGF-1 axis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riia K Junnila
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 1 Water Tower Drive, The Ridges (R. K. Junnila, E. O. List, D. E. Berryman, J. J. Kopchick), Department of Radiology, O'Bleness Hospital, 55 Hospital Drive, (J. W. Murrey), Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 1 Water Tower Drive, The Ridges (R. K. Junnila, E. O. List, D. E. Berryman, J. J. Kopchick), Department of Radiology, O'Bleness Hospital, 55 Hospital Drive, (J. W. Murrey), Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 1 Water Tower Drive, The Ridges (R. K. Junnila, E. O. List, D. E. Berryman, J. J. Kopchick), Department of Radiology, O'Bleness Hospital, 55 Hospital Drive, (J. W. Murrey), Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John W Murrey
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 1 Water Tower Drive, The Ridges (R. K. Junnila, E. O. List, D. E. Berryman, J. J. Kopchick), Department of Radiology, O'Bleness Hospital, 55 Hospital Drive, (J. W. Murrey), Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 1 Water Tower Drive, The Ridges (R. K. Junnila, E. O. List, D. E. Berryman, J. J. Kopchick), Department of Radiology, O'Bleness Hospital, 55 Hospital Drive, (J. W. Murrey), Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Sadagurski M, White MF. Integrating metabolism and longevity through insulin and IGF1 signaling. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2013; 42:127-48. [PMID: 23391244 PMCID: PMC3982789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The insulin pathway coordinates growth, development, metabolic homoeostasis, fertility, and stress resistance, which influence life span. Compensatory hyperinsulinemia to overcome systemic insulin resistance circumvents the immediate consequences of hyperglycemia. Work on flies, nematodes, and mice indicate that excess insulin signaling damages cellular function and accelerates aging. Maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS) has particular importance for life span. Reduced insulin/IGF1 signaling in the CNS can dysregulate peripheral energy homeostasis and metabolism, promote obesity, and extend life span. Genetic manipulations of insulin/IGF1 signaling components are revealing neuronal circuits that might resolve the central regulation of systemic metabolism from organism longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Cohen E. Aging, protein aggregation, chaperones, and neurodegenerative disorders: mechanisms of coupling and therapeutic opportunities. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2012; 3:e0021. [PMID: 23908845 PMCID: PMC3678828 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Late onset is a key unifying feature of human neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and prion disorders. While sporadic cases typically emerge during the patient's seventh decade of life or later, mutation-linked, familial cases manifest during the fifth or sixth decade. This common temporal emergence pattern raises the prospect that slowing aging may prevent the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates that lead to the development of these disorders, postpone the onset of these maladies, and alleviate their symptoms once emerged. Invertebrate-based studies indicated that reducing the activity of insulin/IGF signaling (IIS), a prominent aging regulatory pathway, protects from neurodegeneration-linked toxic protein aggregation. The validity of this approach has been tested and confirmed in mammals as reducing the activity of the IGF-1 signaling pathway-protected Alzheimer's model mice from the behavioral and biochemical impairments associated with the disease. Here I review the recent advances in the field, describe the known mechanistic links between toxic protein aggregation and the aging process, and delineate the future therapeutic potential of IIS reduction as a treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Cohen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hausman DB, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Protein, lipid, and hematological biomarkers in centenarians: Definitions, interpretation and relationships with health. Maturitas 2012; 71:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Barbieri M, Boccardi V, Esposito A, Papa M, Vestini F, Rizzo MR, Paolisso G. A/ASP/VAL allele combination of IGF1R, IRS2, and UCP2 genes is associated with better metabolic profile, preserved energy expenditure parameters, and low mortality rate in longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:235-45. [PMID: 21340542 PMCID: PMC3260360 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A large array of gene involved in human longevity seems to be in relationship with insulin/IGF1 pathway. However, if such genes interact each other, or with other genes, to reduce the age-related metabolic derangement and determine the long-lived phenotype has been poorly investigated. Thus, we tested the role of interchromosomal interactions among IGF1R, IRS2, and UCP2 genes on the probability to reach extreme old age in 722 unrelated Italian subjects (401 women and 321 men; mean age, 62.83 ± 25.30 years) enrolled between 1998 and 1999. In particular, the G/A-IGF1R, Gly/Asp-IRS2, and Ala/Val-UCP2 allele combination was tested for association with longevity, metabolic profile and energy expenditure parameters. The effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality rate was also assessed after a mean follow-up of 6 years. The analysis revealed that AAV allele combination is associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.91; p = 0.03) and with a higher probability to reach the extreme of old age (OR, 3.185; 95% CI, 1.63-6.19; p = 0.0006). The analysis also revealed lower HOMA-IR (Diff, -0.532, 95% CI, 0.886-0.17; p = 0.003), higher respiratory quotient (Diff, 0.0363, 95% CI, 0.014-0.05; p = 0.001), and resting metabolic rate (Diff, 101.80693, 95% CI, -5.26-204.278; p = 0.038) for AAV allele combination. In conclusion, A-IGF1R/Asp-IRS2/Val-UCP2 allele combination is associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk and with an increased chance of longevity. Such an effect is probably due to the combined effect of IGF1R, IRS2, and UCP2 genes on energy metabolism and on the age-related metabolic remodeling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Esposito
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Papa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vestini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Boyd O, Weng P, Sun X, Alberico T, Laslo M, Obenland DM, Kern B, Zou S. Nectarine promotes longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1669-78. [PMID: 21406223 PMCID: PMC3090488 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fruits containing high antioxidant capacities and other bioactivities are ideal for promoting longevity and health span. However, few fruits are known to improve the survival and health span in animals, let alone the underlying mechanisms. Here we investigate the effects of nectarine, a globally consumed fruit, on life span and health span in Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type flies were fed standard, dietary restriction (DR), or high-fat diet supplemented with 0-4% nectarine extract. We measured life span, food intake, locomotor activity, fecundity, gene expression changes, and oxidative damage indicated by the level of 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adduct in these flies. We also measured life span, locomotor activity, and oxidative damage in sod1 mutant flies on the standard diet supplemented with 0-4% nectarine. Supplementation with 4% nectarine extended life span, increased fecundity, and decreased expression of some metabolic genes, including a key gluconeogenesis gene, PEPCK, and oxidative stress-response genes, including peroxiredoxins, in female wild-type flies fed the standard, DR, or high-fat diet. Nectarine reduced oxidative damage in wild-type females fed the high-fat diet. Moreover, nectarine improved the survival of and reduced oxidative damage in female sod1 mutant flies. Together, these findings suggest that nectarine promotes longevity and health span partly by modulating glucose metabolism and reducing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Boyd
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Peter Weng
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mara Laslo
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M. Obenland
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Bradley Kern
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sige Zou
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Dillin A, Cohen E. Ageing and protein aggregation-mediated disorders: from invertebrates to mammals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:94-8. [PMID: 21115535 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Late onset is a common hallmark character of numerous disorders including human neurodegenerative maladies such as Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Why these diseases manifest in aged individuals and why distinct disorders share strikingly similar emergence patterns were until recently unsolved enigmas. During the past decade, invertebrate-based studies indicated that the insulin/IGF signalling pathway (IIS) mechanistically links neurodegenerative-associated toxic protein aggregation and ageing; yet, until recently it was unclear whether this link is conserved from invertebrates to mammals. Recent studies performed in Alzheimer's mouse models indicated that ageing alteration by IIS reduction slows the progression of Alzheimer's-like disease, protects the brain and mitigates the behavioural, pathological and biochemical impairments associated with the disease. Here, we review these novel studies and discuss the potential of ageing alteration as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of late onset neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Glenn Center for Ageing Research, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Cohen E. Countering neurodegeneration by reducing the activity of the insulin/IGF signaling pathway: Current knowledge and future prospects. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chan L, Albertsson-Wikland K, Camacho-Hübner C, Hochberg Z. Signal transduction in child health: closing the gap between clinical and basic research. Sci Signal 2010; 3:mr3. [PMID: 20940424 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.3143mr3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although some diseases are specific to children, many diseases of adults, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome, often originate in childhood. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of disease onset and progression in children is vital not only for child health, but for adult health as well. The NICHe (New Inroads to Child Health) Conference series focuses on future directions in child health, by bringing together clinical and basic scientists with the aim of sharing knowledge to facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches. This year's conference, entitled "Child Health and Signal Transduction," focused on G protein-coupled receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways involved in endocrine signaling, how disruption of these pathways can lead to disease, and how understanding these pathways may guide drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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