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Burns SD, West JS. Country Differences in Older Men's Hearing Difficulty Disadvantage. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241251939. [PMID: 38710107 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241251939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Hearing difficulty is prevalent in older adulthood and projected to increase via global aging, particularly among men. Currently, there is limited research on how this gender disparity might vary by country. Methods: Using 2018 data (n = 29,480) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) international family of studies, we investigate gender disparities in hearing difficulty among respondents ages 55-89 from the United States (n = 12,566), Mexico (n = 10,762), and Korea (n = 6152) with country-specific ordinal logistic regression models that progressively adjust for demographic, social, and health indicators. Results: In the United States, men's hearing difficulty disadvantage was consistently observed. In Mexico, men's hearing difficulty disadvantage was explained by the interactive effect of gender and age group but resurfaced after adjusting for comorbidities. In Korea, there was consistently no gender difference in hearing difficulty. Discussion: Our results highlight the heterogeneity in older men's hearing difficulty disadvantage among a diverse group of aging countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D Burns
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica S West
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Lyons J, Akbari A, Abrams KR, Azcoaga Lorenzo A, Ba Dhafari T, Chess J, Denaxas S, Fry R, Gale CP, Gallacher J, Griffiths LJ, Guthrie B, Hall M, Jalali-najafabadi F, John A, MacRae C, McCowan C, Peek N, O’Reilly D, Rafferty J, Lyons RA, Owen RK. Trajectories in chronic disease accrual and mortality across the lifespan in Wales, UK (2005-2019), by area deprivation profile: linked electronic health records cohort study on 965,905 individuals. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 32:100687. [PMID: 37520147 PMCID: PMC10372901 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding and quantifying the differences in disease development in different socioeconomic groups of people across the lifespan is important for planning healthcare and preventive services. The study aimed to measure chronic disease accrual, and examine the differences in time to individual morbidities, multimorbidity, and mortality between socioeconomic groups in Wales, UK. Methods Population-wide electronic linked cohort study, following Welsh residents for up to 20 years (2000-2019). Chronic disease diagnoses were obtained from general practice and hospitalisation records using the CALIBER disease phenotype register. Multi-state models were used to examine trajectories of accrual of 132 diseases and mortality, adjusted for sex, age and area-level deprivation. Restricted mean survival time was calculated to measure time spent free of chronic disease(s) or mortality between socioeconomic groups. Findings In total, 965,905 individuals aged 5-104 were included, from a possible 2.9 m individuals following a 5-year clearance period, with an average follow-up of 13.2 years (12.7 million person-years). Some 673,189 (69.7%) individuals developed at least one chronic disease or died within the study period. From ages 10 years upwards, the individuals living in the most deprived areas consistently experienced reduced time between health states, demonstrating accelerated transitions to first and subsequent morbidities and death compared to their demographic equivalent living in the least deprived areas. The largest difference were observed in 10 and 20 year old males developing multimorbidity (-0.45 years (99% CI: -0.45, -0.44)) and in 70 year old males dying after developing multimorbidity (-1.98 years (99% CI: -2.01, -1.95)). Interpretation This study adds to the existing literature on health inequalities by demonstrating that individuals living in more deprived areas consistently experience accelerated time to diagnosis of chronic disease and death across all ages, accounting for competing risks. Funding UK Medical Research Council, Health Data Research UK, and Administrative Data Research Wales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Ashley Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Keith R. Abrams
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Amaya Azcoaga Lorenzo
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Thamer Ba Dhafari
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Chess
- Swansea Bay Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Fry
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | | | - John Gallacher
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy J. Griffiths
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Bruce Guthrie
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marlous Hall
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Farideh Jalali-najafabadi
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ann John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Clare MacRae
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin McCowan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Niels Peek
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dermot O’Reilly
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James Rafferty
- Swansea Trials Unit, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Ronan A. Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Rhiannon K. Owen
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
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Trujillo Tanner C, Yorgason J, White A, Armstrong C, Cash A, Case R, Ehrlich JR. Longitudinal Analysis of Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning among Hispanic Older Adults with Sensory Impairments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6456. [PMID: 37568997 PMCID: PMC10419238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the intersection of age, ethnicity, and disability will become increasingly important as the global population ages and becomes more diverse. By 2060, Hispanics will comprise 28% of the U.S. POPULATION This study examines critical associations between sensory impairment, social isolation, and cognitive functioning among Hispanic older adults. METHODS Our sample consisted of 557 Hispanic older adults that participated in Rounds 1-3 or Rounds 5-7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Longitudinal mediation models across a three-year span were estimated using Mplus, with vision, hearing, and dual sensory impairments predicting cognitive functioning directly and indirectly through social isolation. RESULTS Findings indicated that cognitive functioning was concurrently and, in certain cases, longitudinally predicted by vision and dual sensory impairments and by social isolation. Contrary to expectations, vision and hearing impairments were not predictive of social isolation. Dual sensory impairment was associated with social isolation, yet no significant indirect associations were found for sensory impairments predicting cognitive functioning through social isolation. DISCUSSION The finding that social isolation did not mediate the relationship between sensory impairment and cognitive decline among Hispanic older adults in the U.S. is contrary to findings from other studies that were not specifically focused on this population. This finding may be evidence that culturally motivated family support and intergenerational living buffer the impact of sensory impairments in later life. Findings suggest that Hispanic older adults experiencing dual sensory impairments may benefit from interventions that foster social support and include family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Yorgason
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.Y.)
| | - Avalon White
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.Y.)
| | - Chresten Armstrong
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.Y.)
| | - Antonia Cash
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.Y.)
| | - Rebekah Case
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.Y.)
| | - Joshua R. Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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West JS, Smith SL, Dupre ME. The impact of hearing loss on trajectories of depressive symptoms in married couples. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115780. [PMID: 36801754 PMCID: PMC10478395 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a prevalent chronic stressor among older adults and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. The life course principle of linked lives highlights that an individual's stressors can impact the health and well-being of others; however, there are limited large-scale studies examining hearing loss within marital dyads. Using 11 waves (1998-2018) of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 4881 couples), we estimate age-based mixed models to examine how 1) one's own hearing, 2) one's spouse's hearing, or 3) both spouses' hearing influence changes in depressive symptoms. For men, their wives' hearing loss, their own hearing loss, and both spouses having hearing loss are associated with increased depressive symptoms. For women, their own hearing loss and both spouses having hearing loss are associated with increased depressive symptoms, but their husbands' hearing loss is not. The connections between hearing loss and depressive symptoms within couples are a dynamic process that unfolds differently by gender over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S West
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sherri L Smith
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew E Dupre
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Trujillo Tanner C, Yorgason JB, Richardson S, Redelfs AH, Serrao Hill MMY, White A, Stagg B, Ehrlich JR, Markides KS. Sensory Disabilities and Social Isolation Among Hispanic Older Adults: Toward Culturally Sensitive Measurement of Social Isolation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2091-2100. [PMID: 35022736 PMCID: PMC9683500 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sensory disabilities, including vision disability and hearing disability, increase risk for social isolation, which is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. Existing literature suggests that the cultural value of familism may provide a buffer against social isolation. We examined the longitudinal trajectory of social isolation among Hispanic older adults with self-reported vision disability (SRVD) and self-reported hearing disability and tested a modified measure of social isolation incorporating familism. METHODS We compared 8-year trajectories of social isolation among Hispanics (n = 445) and non-Hispanic Whites (n = 4,861) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. We used structural equation modeling to explore the longitudinal relationships between sensory disability and social isolation while comparing 2 measures of social isolation. RESULTS Social isolation increased longitudinally for both groups, with SRVD significantly associated with higher initial levels. Social isolation started and remained higher across time among Hispanics. Using an adjusted measure of social isolation (added familial support), neither initial levels nor trajectories of social isolation differed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White participants. DISCUSSION Initially, Hispanics appeared more socially isolated, reporting less social support from outside the home. Yet, we found that they were more likely to report family social connections. Traditional measures of social isolation focusing on social support outside of the home (neglecting support by family) may lack content validity among Hispanic groups. Culturally sensitive measures of social isolation will be increasingly consequential for future research and health policy to meet the needs of a diverse older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Trujillo Tanner
- Address correspondence to: Corinna Trujillo Tanner, PhD, RN, MSN, College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, 432 KMBL, Provo, UT 84602, USA. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Alisha H Redelfs
- School of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Avalon White
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brian Stagg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua R Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyriakos S Markides
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas, Galveston, Texas, USA
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