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Osei-Owusu C, Dhillon S, Luginaah I. The impact of food insecurity on mental health among older adults residing in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301046. [PMID: 38530847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, food insecurity has been increasing globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, economic downturns and conflict and a number of other intersecting factors. Older adults residing in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to food insecurity. While the impacts of food insecurity on physical health outcomes have been thoroughly researched, the effect on mental health outcomes remains under-researched, especially among older adults. Hence, this systematic review aims to investigate existing literature to assess how food insecurity impacts the mental health of older persons residing in LMICs. A systematic search of six databases and Google for studies was conducted. The search was limited to studies written in English and published between 2000 to the present. We identified 725 studies, out of which 40 studies were selected for a full-text review and 12 studies were included for a final analysis. The significant finding in all the included studies was that food insecurity is associated with the worsening mental health of older adults. We also found a complex interplay of factors such as gender, age, rural/urban and health conditions associated with the aggravation of several mental health outcomes. The findings of this study illuminate the need for improved food programs to improve food security and, consequently, mental health among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Osei-Owusu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satveer Dhillon
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Li B, Zhang H, Cao Y, Li Z, Xu X, Song Z, Wang JH. Molecular changes in nucleus accumbens due to amelioration of depressive-like behavior by housing with companion. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:34-43. [PMID: 35998792 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Social support are positively and causally related to mental health. Higher levels of perceived social support and group memberships are shown to be associated with lower depression symptomatology and recovery from depression, but the molecular biological mechanism behind its remains largely unknown. Here, we report that accompanying with companion ameliorated chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Accompanying with companion altered RNA expression profiles of nucleus accumbens (NAc) in CUMS-induced susceptible and resilience mice. 117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be associated with depression-like behaviors, 17 DEGs associated with resilient behaviors, 43 DEGs associated with accompanying with companion. Importantly, 234 differentially expressed miRNAs that associated with accompanying with companion were obtained, and the miRNA-mRNA network associated with companion was established in NAc, based on the miRNA and mRNA profiles. Taken together, our findings revealed a potential new approach to improve depression-like behaviors, as well as many potential drug targets for the prevention or treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Biomedical Center, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xinlei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mordeno IG, Gallemit IMJS, Bangcola BFB, Busaco JJJL, Tuto RT, Hall BJ. Parental migration status moderates the link between parent-child relationship and children's well-being through psychological distress. Psych J 2022; 11:922-935. [PMID: 35842842 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of parental migration on the well-being of left-behind children (LBC) are varied. Several studies demonstrated that parental migration reduces children's psychological health but other research showed contradictory results. This study sought to clarify this issue by examining the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of parental migration status in the association between the parent-child relationship and children's psychological distress. A total of 743 LBC and 688 non-LBC self-reported their parent-child relationship, psychological distress, and well-being. Findings showed that psychological distress mediated the association between parent-child relationship and children's well-being. This denotes that greater parent-child relationship results into lowered levels of psychological distress, and in turn, increases children's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Moreover, the link between parent-child relationship and psychological distress was found to be contingent to parental migration status. Specifically, the negative association between parent-child relationship and psychological distress was especially strong among LBC in contrast to non- LBC. This implies that children with higher quality relationships with their parents tend to exhibit decreased severity of psychological distress symptoms, especially in children whose parents are working overseas. These results underscore the dynamic role of parent-child relationship in the well-being of LBC, and suggest ways to develop intervention programs that include cultivating skills in managing psychological distress and improving the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelu G Mordeno
- Department of Professional Education, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - I Marie Joy S Gallemit
- School of Graduate Studies, College of Education, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Bea Fatima B Bangcola
- Department of Psychology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Jinky Joy Jessica L Busaco
- Department of Psychology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Reignajean T Tuto
- Department of Psychology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Murayama Y, Hasebe M, Nishi M, Matsunaga H, Narita M, Nemoto Y, Fujiwara Y. The effects of reciprocal support on mental health among intergenerational non-relatives–A comparison by age group. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 99:104601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Domènech-Abella J, Mundó J, Switsers L, van Tilburg T, Fernández D, Aznar-Lou I. Social network size, loneliness, physical functioning and depressive symptoms among older adults: Examining reciprocal associations in four waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1541-1549. [PMID: 33908639 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that social isolation, loneliness, physical dysfunction and depressive symptoms are interrelated factors, little is known about the potential pathways among them. The aim of the study is to analyse simultaneously reciprocal relationships that could exist between the four factors to clarify potential mediation effects. METHODS Within a large representative sample of older people in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), participants aged 75 and over were followed up over a period of 11 years (four waves). We tested cross-lagged and autoregressive longitudinal associations of social network size, loneliness, physical functioning and depressive symptoms using structural equation modelling (SEM). RESULTS Several statistically significant cross-lagged associations were found: decreasing physical functioning (Coef. = -0.03; p < 0.05), as well as social network size (Coef. = -0.02; p < 0.05), predicted higher levels of loneliness, which predicted an increase in depressive symptoms (Coef. = 0.17; p < 0.05) and further reduction of social network (Coef. = -0.20; p < 0.05). Decreasing physical functioning also predicted an increase in depressive symptoms (Coef. = -0.08; p < 0.05). All autoregressive associations were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Interventions focused on promoting social activities among older adults after negative life events, such as loss of social contacts or declining physical function, may alleviate feelings of loneliness and act as mental health protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domènech-Abella
- Department of Sociology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jordi Mundó
- Department of Sociology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lise Switsers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Flemish Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Theo van Tilburg
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Serra Húnter fellow. Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aznar-Lou
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Smith L, Morris-Eyton H, Noorbhai H, Coopoo Y. Challenges that healthcare practitioners experience in the comprehensive assessment of patients with non-communicable diseases: a preliminary investigation. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1282-1290. [PMID: 35222593 PMCID: PMC8843280 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resource allocation and access to comprehensive treatment in the public healthcare sector are always under pressure. This pressure takes the form of staff shortages, treatment models and the holistic care of patients, compromising basic healthcare in South Africa. Objectives The study's aim was to determine the challenges that healthcare practitioners experience while assessing patients with non-communicable diseases, in private and public healthcare sectors in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Methods The research design was exploratory and contextual. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and semi-structured interviews among healthcare practitioners (n = 12). Data analysis took place using Atlas.ti 8.4 Windows (2020). Inter-rater reliability (r = 93.68%) was calculated to ensure the rigour and validity of the results. Results From the discussion, four themes emerged: 1) limited consultation time; 2) overwhelming economic impact and healthcare cost for facilities and patients; 3) holistic patient care encompassing physical, mental and socioeconomic components; and 4) lack of patient education due to time constraints experienced by healthcare practitioners. Conclusion Consultation times are reduced due to a shortage of medical staff, patient numbers, equipment, and poor working conditions. By improving these conditions, patients across all socioeconomic groups will be better assisted, treated, and educated, benefiting from equal access and quality healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Smith
- University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Sport and Movement Studies
| | - Heather Morris-Eyton
- University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Sport and Movement Studies
| | - Habib Noorbhai
- University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Sport and Movement Studies
| | - Yoga Coopoo
- University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Sport and Movement Studies
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Fingerman KL, Ng YT, Huo M, Birditt KS, Charles ST, Zarit S. Functional Limitations, Social Integration, and Daily Activities in Late Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1937-1947. [PMID: 33460446 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disability in late life has been associated with increases in receiving care and loss of autonomy. The Disablement Process Model suggests that physical impairments lead to functional limitations that contribute to disabilities in managing household, job or other demands. Yet, we know surprisingly little about how functional limitations are related to activities throughout the day among community-dwelling adults, or the possible moderating role of social integration on these associations. METHODS Community-dwelling adults (N = 313) aged 65+ completed a baseline interview assessing their functional limitations, social ties, and background characteristics. Over 5 to 6 days, they answered questions about daily activities and encounters with social partners every 3 hours on handheld Android devices. RESULTS Multilevel logistic models revealed that functional limitations are associated with increased likelihood of activities associated with poor health (e.g., TV watching, medical appointments), and reduced likelihood of social activities, or physical activities, chores, or leaving the home. Most moderation analyses were not significant; family and friends did not mitigate associations between functional limitations and daily activities, with the exception of medical appointments. Individuals with functional limitations were more likely to attend medical appointments when with their social partners than when alone. DISCUSSION This study provided modest indication that functional limitations in community-dwelling older adults are associated with patterns of activity that may lead to further limitations, disability or loss of autonomy. Findings warrant longitudinal follow-up to establish subsequent patterns of decline or stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Yee To Ng
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Meng Huo
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Steven Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
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Hyun-Soo Kim H, Youm Y. Exploring the contingent associations between functional limitations and depressive symptoms across residential context: a multilevel panel data analysis. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:92-102. [PMID: 30569741 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1523877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines the multilevel relationship between functional limitations and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling US older adults, and how it is moderated by community environmental characteristics (neighborhood fear, social cohesion, structural disadvantage and residential stability).Method: Data come from two waves of National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) collected in 2005/2006 and 2010/2011, consisting of 2,261 individuals aged 57-85 (mean = 68.5; SD = 7.5) nested in 100 regional areas. Two-level hierarchical linear models are fitted to test if and to what extent limited physical capacity and neighborhood measures are interactively related to depressive symptoms.Results: Adjusting for confounders (e.g. age, gender, education, employment status, social support), we find a significant positive relationship between functional limitations and depressive symptoms. At the aggregate level, socially cohesive neighborhoods are negatively related to depression. Several cross-level interactions are also observed. First, the association between poor functional health and depression is greater in neighborhoods perceived to be less safe. It is also stronger in places with more structural disadvantages. Lastly, the physical impairment-depression link is more pronounced where there is higher residential stability, i.e., greater proportion of long-term residents.Conclusion: Our study bridges an important empirical gap in the literature. Prior studies have rarely investigated how the connection between functional limitations and depressive symptoms among older adults is conditioned by neighborhood characteristics. By using multilevel analysis of population-based longitudinal data, we show that physical space (neighborhood community) plays a critical role in understanding this important, yet understudied, relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sakamoto Y, Miyamoto Y, Tokunaga R, Akiyama T, Daitoku N, Hiyoshi Y, Iwatsuki M, Baba Y, Iwagami S, Yoshida N, Baba H. Long-term outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery for elderly patients: a propensity score-matched analysis. Surg Today 2019; 50:597-603. [PMID: 31844988 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of old age on the perioperative, short-term, and long-term surgical outcomes of elderly patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The subjects of this retrospective study were 526 patients who underwent curative resections for stage I-III CRC between March 2005 and March 2016. We divided the patients into a young group (< 75 years old, n = 361) and an elderly group (≥ 75 years old, n = 165) and compared the clinicopathological factors and prognoses of the two groups. We performed a propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to avoid confounding bias. RESULTS The elderly group had more right-sided tumors and more comorbidities than the young group. After PSM, there were 148 patients in each group. Although the elderly group had significantly shorter overall survival than the young group, the two groups did not differ significantly in cancer-specific survival (CSS; P = 0.136) or recurrence rate (RR; P = 0.317). Multivariate analysis with IPTW also revealed no significant difference in CSS (P = 0.171) or RR (P = 0.284) between the young and elderly groups. Our findings were limited by the study's retrospective single-institute conditions, and the inclusion of only patients who underwent radical resections. CONCLUSION Primary tumor resection is appropriate for elderly patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuma Tokunaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuya Daitoku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Carr D, Cornman JC, Freedman VA. Do Family Relationships Buffer the Impact of Disability on Older Adults' Daily Mood? An Exploration of Gender and Marital Status Differences. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2019; 81:729-746. [PMID: 31182882 PMCID: PMC6555429 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluate whether non-spousal family support and strain moderate the effect of disability on two daily emotions (happiness and frustration) among older adults, and whether these patterns differ by gender among married persons, and by marital status among women. BACKGROUND Stress buffering perspectives predict that harmful effects of stress on well-being are buffered by family support, whereas stress proliferation models suggest these effects are intensified by family strain. The extent to which family relationships moderate associations between stress and well-being may vary on the basis of gender and marital status, as non-spousal family ties are considered especially salient for women and those without a romantic partner. METHOD Daily diary data are from the 2013 Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n=1,474), a national sample of adults ages 60+. Multivariate regression models are estimated for married/partnered men and women, and formerly married women. RESULTS Neither family support nor strain moderated the effect of severe impairment on married men's daily emotions. Family support buffered the effect of severe impairment on frustration among divorced and widowed women, but not their married counterparts. Counterintuitively, family arguments mitigated against frustration and increased happiness among married women with severe impairment. CONCLUSION Consistent with stress buffering perspectives, family support was most protective for the vulnerable population of formerly married older women with severe impairment. IMPLICATIONS This study underscores the importance of family support for the large and growing population of formerly married women managing health-related challenges in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carr
- Boston University, Department of Sociology, 100 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215,
| | | | - Vicki A Freedman
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106,
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Tajvar M, Grundy E, Fletcher A. Social support and mental health status of older people: a population-based study in Iran-Tehran. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:344-353. [PMID: 27976913 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1261800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate direct and stress-buffering associations between social support from family and the mental health of older people in Iran, a country which has recently undergone an exceptionally fast fertility transition and is consequently experiencing rapid population ageing. METHOD A cross-sectional stratified random survey of 800 people aged 60+ years resident in Tehran was conducted. In total, 644 people responded. The Social Provisions Scale and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure perceived social support and mental health, respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS The findings supported the hypothesis of a direct association between perceived and received social support and mental health. However, we did not find strong evidence to suggest that social support buffered the effects of stress arising from limitations of physical functioning. Lack of help doing paperwork was associated with worse mental health for women but not men. Source of support did not seem to be important. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that in Tehran, as in Western settings, social support is important for the mental well-being of older people. Recommendations for policy and further research priorities based on the study findings were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tajvar
- a Department of Health Management and Economic Sciences, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Emily Grundy
- b Department of Social Policy , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Fletcher
- c Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom
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West JS. Hearing impairment, social support, and depressive symptoms among U.S. adults: A test of the stress process paradigm. Soc Sci Med 2017; 192:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carr D, Cornman JC, Freedman VA. Disability and Activity-related Emotion in Later Life: Are Effects Buffered by Intimate Relationship Support and Strain? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:387-403. [PMID: 29164961 PMCID: PMC5963511 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517713551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We use daily diary data from the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics ( n = 1,162) to evaluate (1) the extent to which marital/partner support and strain moderate the effects of disability on five activity-related emotions (happiness, calm, sadness, frustration, worry) and overall negative and positive emotion among older married, cohabiting, and dating persons and (2) whether such patterns differ significantly by gender. Marital support buffers against negative emotions and increases feelings of calm among severely impaired women. By contrast, support intensifies negative emotions and decreases feelings of calm among severely impaired men. Relationship strain also intensifies the effect of severe impairment on men's frustration, sadness, worry, and negative mood but has negligible effects on the negative emotions of men with low impairment and women. Frequent support and criticism may threaten highly impaired older men's sense of autonomy and emotional well-being.
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Carr D, Cornman JC, Freedman VA. Disability and Activity-related Emotion in Later Life: Are Effects Buffered by Intimate Relationship Support and Strain? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:387-403. [PMID: 29164961 DOI: 10.1177/002214651771355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use daily diary data from the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics ( n = 1,162) to evaluate (1) the extent to which marital/partner support and strain moderate the effects of disability on five activity-related emotions (happiness, calm, sadness, frustration, worry) and overall negative and positive emotion among older married, cohabiting, and dating persons and (2) whether such patterns differ significantly by gender. Marital support buffers against negative emotions and increases feelings of calm among severely impaired women. By contrast, support intensifies negative emotions and decreases feelings of calm among severely impaired men. Relationship strain also intensifies the effect of severe impairment on men's frustration, sadness, worry, and negative mood but has negligible effects on the negative emotions of men with low impairment and women. Frequent support and criticism may threaten highly impaired older men's sense of autonomy and emotional well-being.
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Han J. Chronic Illnesses and Depressive Symptoms Among Older People: Functional Limitations as a Mediator and Self-Perceptions of Aging as a Moderator. J Aging Health 2017; 30:1188-1204. [PMID: 28555515 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317711609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examined the mediation of functional limitations in the relationship between chronic illnesses and depressive symptoms among older Americans along with tests for the moderation of self-perceptions of aging. METHOD Data from the Health and Retirement Study (2008, 2010, and 2012) were used. Longitudinal mediation models were tested using a sample of 3,382 Americans who responded to psychosocial questions and were over 65 years old in 2008. RESULTS Functional limitations mediated the linkage between chronic illnesses and depressive symptoms. Negative self-perceptions of aging exacerbated the effects of chronic illnesses on depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION Health care professionals should be aware of depressive symptoms in older adults reporting chronic illnesses and particularly in those reporting functional limitations. To decrease the risk of depressive symptoms caused by chronic illnesses, negative self-perceptions of aging may need to be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Han
- 1 Silla University, Busan, South Korea
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Freedman VA, Carr D, Cornman JC, Lucas RE. Impairment Severity and Evaluative and Experienced Well-being Among Older Adults: Assessing the Role of Daily Activities. Innov Aging 2017; 1:igx010. [PMID: 29795791 PMCID: PMC5954609 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Physical impairments affect a substantial number of older adults in the United States, with rates increasing with advancing age. Impairment is linked with compromised well-being, although the reasons are not fully understood. We explore the extent to which linkages between impairment severity and well-being are accounted for by older adults’ daily activities. We speculate that activities may influence global appraisals of well-being by offering the opportunity to fulfill productive and social roles and may influence daily emotions by shaping the context (places, people) in which life occurs. Research Design and Method We examine the effects of impairment severity on life satisfaction and four diary-based experienced well-being measures (happiness, frustration, worry, and sadness). Data are from the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 1,606), a national sample of adults ages 60 years and older in the United States. We estimate nested regression models, taking into account within-person correlations for experienced well-being. Results Impairment severity is associated with poorer assessments of life satisfaction and all four dimensions of experienced well-being. Activity measures, which encompass eight productive (e.g., household chores) and three leisure (e.g., socializing) activities, account for 10% of the association between impairment and life satisfaction, and virtually none of the association between impairment and experienced well-being. However, psychosocial factors including higher neuroticism, lower self-efficacy, and poorer quality social relationships account for a sizeable share of the associations. Discussion and Implications Role-fulfilling aspects of activities appear to be more central than contextual aspects of activities to the impairment-well-being relationship. However, potentially modifiable psychosocial factors account for a much greater share of this relationship. Further research is needed on whether interventions targeting these psychosocial factors might bolster emotional well-being for older adults experiencing impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki A Freedman
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Deborah Carr
- Department of Sociology, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | | | - Richard E Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, E. Lansing
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Carawan LW, Nalavany BA, Jenkins C. Emotional experience with dyslexia and self-esteem: the protective role of perceived family support in late adulthood. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:284-94. [PMID: 25660279 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1008984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the growing body of evidence that suggests dyslexia persists through the life span, there is a dearth of research that explores the complicating factor of dyslexia in late adulthood. Based upon stress and coping theory, this study examined whether perceived family support protects the impact of negative emotional experience with dyslexia on self-esteem. METHODS Adults aged 21 years and older with diagnosed or self-reported dyslexia were participants in a web-based survey. A total of 224 individuals completed the survey. These findings are from the 50 participants who reported to be 60 years or older. Completed measures include their perception of family support, emotional experience with dyslexia, self-esteem, and demographic variables. RESULTS Preliminary analysis revealed that negative emotional experience with dyslexia negatively impacts self-esteem. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis demonstrated that positive perceived family support significantly buffers, mitigates, and protects the effects of negative emotional experiences with dyslexia on self-esteem in individuals with dyslexia in late adulthood. CONCLUSION In this study, family support promoted self-esteem because as a protective dynamic, it helped older adults cope with the emotional distress associated with dyslexia. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena W Carawan
- a School of Social Work, College of Human Ecology , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Blace A Nalavany
- a School of Social Work, College of Human Ecology , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Carol Jenkins
- a School of Social Work, College of Human Ecology , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
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Coexisting with dependence and well-being: the results of a pilot study intervention on 75-99-year-old individuals. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28:2067-2078. [PMID: 27605494 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610216001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to design and implement an intervention program centered on preventing functional dependence. METHODS A pre/post quasi-experimental (typical case) design study with a control group was conducted on a group of 75-90-year-old individuals with functional dependence (n = 59) at three nursing homes in Madrid (Spain). The intervention program consists of two types of activities developed simultaneously. Some focused on emotional well-being (nine 90-minute sessions, once per week), whereas others focused on improving participants' physical condition (two 30-minute sessions, twice per week). The simple randomized participants included 59 elderly individuals (Intervention Group = 30, Control Group = 29) (mean age 86.80) [SD, 5. 19]. RESULTS Fifty-nine participants were analyzed. The results indicate that the program is effective in improving mood, lowering anxiety levels (d = 0.81), and increasing both self-esteem (d = 0.65) and the perception of self-efficacy (d = 1.04). There are improvements in systolic pressure and functional dependence levels are maintained. Linear simple regression (independent variable pre-Barthel) shows that the pre-intervention dependence level can predict self-esteem after the intervention. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that the program is innovative with regard to bio-psychosocial care in elderly individuals, is based on actual practice, and is effective in increasing both self-esteem and self-efficacy. These variables positively affect functional capabilities and delay functional dependence.
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Warner DF, Adams SA. Physical Disability and Increased Loneliness among Married Older Adults: The Role of Changing Social Relations. SOCIETY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2016; 6:106-128. [PMID: 31007969 PMCID: PMC6469865 DOI: 10.1177/2156869315616257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Examining the social context of disablement, we investigated how changes in social relations affect loneliness among married older men and women. With longitudinal data on 914 married persons from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), we found that changes in the quality of marital and nonmarital relations moderate the effect of disability on loneliness in unexpected ways. Increases in negative marital quality buffer the effect of physical disability, while increases in nonmarital support exacerbate it. Although not predicted by existing theory, these findings are consistent with some prior work suggesting that health-related stressors, like physical disability, condition the meaning of changes in social relations. We find, however, that negative social relations ameliorate loneliness only among disabled married men; disabled married women experience increased loneliness under similar circumstances. These differences have not been previously identified. We conclude by discussing the gendered nature of the social context of disablement.
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Aneshensel CS. Sociological inquiry into mental health: the legacy of Leonard I. Pearlin. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 56:166-178. [PMID: 25947345 DOI: 10.1177/0022146515583992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As a tribute to the body of work created by our late colleague Leonard I. Pearlin, this essay assesses how the evolution of the Stress Process Model, the centerpiece of his work, repeatedly reinvented sociological research on stress and mental health and explains why this model, therefore, possesses the potential to renew itself well into the future. This essay revisits some of Pearlin's seminal contributions: the original specification of the stress process and three extensions of it--the concept of stress proliferation, the formulation of the role of social structure and functioning in the stress process, and the articulation of linkages between the stress process and the life course perspective. The resultant body of work has had formative influences on the ways sociologists now think about the impact of society on the inner emotional lives of its members.
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The association between social relationships and depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 175:53-65. [PMID: 25594512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders globally and has implications for various aspects of everyday-life. To date, studies assessing the association between social relationships and depression have provided conflicting results. The aim of this paper was to review the evidence on associations between social relationships and depression in the general population. METHODS Studies investigating the association of social support, social networks, or social connectedness with depression were retrieved and summarized (searches using Pubmed, ScienceDirect, PsycNet were conducted in May 2014). RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included in this review. The strongest and most consistent findings were significant protective effects of perceived emotional support, perceived instrumental support, and large, diverse social networks. Little evidence was found on whether social connectedness is related to depression, as was also the case for negative interactions. LIMITATIONS Due to the strict inclusion criteria relating to study quality and the availability of papers in the domain of interest, the review did not capture 'gray literature' and qualitative studies. CONCLUSION Future research is warranted to account for potential bias introduced by the use of subjective measures as compared to objective measures of received support and actual networks. Due to the heterogeneity between available studies on the measure of social relationships, the inclusion of comparable measures across studies would allow for more valid comparisons. In addition, well-designed prospective studies will provide more insight into causality. Future research should address how social support and networks interact and together affect risks for depression. Social connectedness and negative interactions appear to be underutilized as measures in population-based studies.
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Alang SM, McAlpine DD, Henning-Smith CE. Disability, Health Insurance and Psychological Distress among US Adults: An Application of the Stress Process. SOCIETY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2014; 4:164-178. [PMID: 25767740 PMCID: PMC4352711 DOI: 10.1177/2156869314532376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural resources, including access to health insurance, are understudied in relation to the stress process. Disability increases the likelihood of mental health problems, but health insurance may moderate this relationship. We explore health insurance coverage as a moderator of the relationship between disability and psychological distress. A pooled sample from 2008-2010 (N=57,958) was obtained from the Integrated Health Interview Series. Chow tests were performed to assess insurance group differences in the association between disability and distress. Results indicated higher levels of distress associated with disability among uninsured adults compared to their peers with public or private insurance. The strength of the relationship between disability and distress was weaker for persons with public compared to private insurance. As the Affordable Care Act is implemented, decision-makers should be aware of the potential for insurance coverage, especially public, to ameliorate secondary conditions such as psychological distress among persons who report a physical disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirry M. Alang
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health
| | - Donna D. McAlpine
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health
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["So I would have been sitting at home and moping...": How do older single people in need of support experience companionship by volunteers after discharge from hospital?]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 48:346-53. [PMID: 25112401 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-014-0803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known link between social support and health as well as quality of life only a few scientifically meaningful studies have been carried out to actively promote social support. In the +P Project (post-hospital lay support for patients) elderly people in need of support after a stay in hospital are accompanied in their daily life by volunteers. The qualitative research part in the study evaluates conditions which led to the adoption of the support by the volunteers and how the elderly people experienced this companionship. METHODS The analysis followed the grounded theory method. In a theoretical sampling nine accompanied people were identified and participated in narrative interviews regarding their experience of the voluntary support. RESULTS In addition to personality traits of the elderly and perceived seriousness of the project the interpersonal relationship was important for the adoption of the companionship. Key factors were the perceived similarity between the older people and their supporters as well as confidence in the volunteers and their skills. The support contributed to facilitating and enriching the daily life of the elderly and even friendships with the volunteers developed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that volunteers can help to compensate a lack of social support for the elderly. The results confirm theoretical models of coping with age and disease-related losses and models of social relations in old age. At the same time this study underpins political recommendations to strengthen community engagement to promote social networks for older people.
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Ishii S, Kojima T, Yamaguchi K, Akishita M. Guidance statement on appropriate medical services for the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishii
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Taro Kojima
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Hermsen LA, Leone SS, Smalbrugge M, Dekker J, van der Horst HE. Frequency, severity and determinants of functional limitations in older adults with joint pain and comorbidity: Results of a cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Feng D, Ji L, Xu L. Mediating effect of social support on the association between functional disability and psychological distress in older adults in rural China: does age make a difference? PLoS One 2014; 9:e100945. [PMID: 24963867 PMCID: PMC4070995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress among elderly people in rural China. Moreover, the mediating effect of social support on the association between functional disability and psychological distress and whether this effect varies with age would be examined. A total of 741 elderly people aged 60–89 years from a rural area of Shandong Province, China participated in a cross-sectional survey. Their psychological distress, perceived social support, enacted social support, and functional disability were assessed through questionnaires. A total of 217 (29.3%) rural elderly people had psychological distress. The functional disability of people ≥75 years old had smaller total effects (0.18) on their psychological distress than in people <75 years old (0.30). Moreover, most of the effects of functional disability on psychological distress among the people ≥75 years old were indirect (0.12; 66.67% of total effects) through the mediating effect of social support especially perceived support, while the direct effect of functional disability was insignificant. In contrast, most of the effects of functional disability on psychological distress among the people <75 years old were direct (0.29; 96.67% of total effects), while the mediating effect of social support was insignificant. In conclusion, the total effect of functional disability, especially the direct effect, on psychological distress decreases sharply with age. The mediating effect of social support on the association between functional disability and psychological distress varies with age and is only found in people ≥75 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Feng
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linqin Ji
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Department of Health Services Management and Maternal & Child Healthcare, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Guidance statement on appropriate medical services for the elderly by the study group of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2014; 51:89-96. [PMID: 24747506 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.51.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Smartphones, Smart Seniors, But Not-So-Smart Apps: A Heuristic Evaluation of Fitness Apps. FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION. ADVANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND DECISION-MAKING THROUGH ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07527-3_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Charlton RA, Lamar M, Ajilore O, Kumar A. Preliminary analysis of age of illness onset effects on symptom profiles in major depressive disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:1166-74. [PMID: 23420677 PMCID: PMC4302725 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent across the lifespan, but relatively little is known about how age of illness onset impacts the cognitive and affective presentation of MDD. METHOD We explore depressive symptoms and cognition in 70 adults (30-89 years old) with MDD. Participants were divided into three groups on the basis of age of MDD onset: early (<30 years), midlife (30-49.9 years), and late (>50 years). Symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; principal component analysis was used to create symptom component scores. Cognitive functions were measured. RESULTS The late-onset group were significantly older than the early-onset and midlife-onset groups. Analysis controlled for age and hemoglobin A1c levels, as some participants had diabetes. The late-onset group demonstrated greater weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms compared with the early-onset group. Suicidal thoughts and sleep disturbance were higher in both the early-onset and late-onset groups compared with the midlife-onset group. Correlations between symptom components and cognitive domains varied by age-of-onset group. DISCUSSION This preliminary analysis demonstrates cognitive and affective profiles that are both unique to age of onset and common across MDD. Symptom profiles may assist in identifying factors influencing depression and enhance the clinical evaluation and care of individuals struggling with the effects of depression across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Trudel G, Dargis-Damphousse L, Villeneuve L, Boyer R, Préville M. Marital support, psychological distress, and disability among community-dwelling older couples: A longitudinal study. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2013.828154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACTAlthough the loneliness of both older adults and immigrants is frequently asserted, knowledge regarding the implications of immigration for loneliness in later life is limited. In particular, little attention has been directed to the impact of factors that might differentiate individuals within the immigrant population. Using data from the 2007 General Social Survey (GSS-21) conducted by Statistics Canada, this study examined the effects of immigrant status as well as immigrant generation, length of residence in Canada and race/ethnicity on loneliness among adults aged 60 and over (N=10,553). Regression analyses (ordinary least squares) estimating both the general and age-specific effects of immigrant experience on loneliness, indicated that immigrants report higher levels of loneliness than native-born Canadians, that race/ethnicity influenced loneliness particularly among immigrants and that generational status as well as length of residence also had an impact, but one that differed across age groups. Immigration-related variables appeared less consequential for loneliness in the oldest-old (aged 80+) than in younger elderly age groups. These findings attest to the significance of immigrant status for an understanding of loneliness in later life but suggest a need to acknowledge the diversity of immigrant experiences associated with lifecourse and other factors.
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Caputo J, Simon RW. Physical limitation and emotional well-being: gender and marital status variations. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 54:241-57. [PMID: 23644513 DOI: 10.1177/0022146513484766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proliferation of studies documenting the relationship between physical limitation and depressive symptoms in the United States, we currently do not know (1) whether physical impairment is associated with other dimensions of emotional well-being and (2) if these associations differ for men and women as well as married and nonmarried adults. We use panel data from two national samples to examine gender and marital status variations in the impact of physical limitation on four indicators of mental health. We find that physical limitation is associated with increases in depressive symptoms and negative feelings as well as decreases in positive emotions. Although the patterns are complex, we also find gender and marital status differences in these associations. Our results provide additional support for Aneshensel's (1992; Aneshensel, Rutter, and Lachenbruch 1991) argument about the highly contingent nature of stress reactivity and contribute to theory about both gender and marital status differences in the impact of stress on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Caputo
- Indiana University, Department of Sociology, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Melchiorre MG, Chiatti C, Lamura G, Torres-Gonzales F, Stankunas M, Lindert J, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, Barros H, Macassa G, Soares JFJ. Social support, socio-economic status, health and abuse among older people in seven European countries. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54856. [PMID: 23382989 PMCID: PMC3559777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support has a strong impact on individuals, not least on older individuals with health problems. A lack of support network and poor family or social relations may be crucial in later life, and represent risk factors for elder abuse. This study focused on the associations between social support, demographics/socio-economics, health variables and elder mistreatment. METHODS The cross-sectional data was collected by means of interviews or interviews/self-response during January-July 2009, among a sample of 4,467 not demented individuals aged 60-84 years living in seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden). RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that women and persons living in large households and with a spouse/partner or other persons were more likely to experience high levels of social support. Moreover, frequent use of health care services and low scores on depression or discomfort due to physical complaints were indicators of high social support. Low levels of social support were related to older age and abuse, particularly psychological abuse. CONCLUSIONS High levels of social support may represent a protective factor in reducing both the vulnerability of older people and risk of elder mistreatment. On the basis of these results, policy makers, clinicians and researchers could act by developing intervention programmes that facilitate friendships and social activities in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Melchiorre
- Centre of Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, I.N.R.C.A., Ancona, Italy.
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Warner DF, Adams SA. Widening the social context of disablement among married older adults: Considering the role of nonmarital relationships for loneliness. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2012; 41:1529-45. [PMID: 23017972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the stress process and life course perspectives, we investigated the influence of non-spousal social support on the associations between marital quality, physical disability, and loneliness among married older adults. Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), we found that the association between physical disability and loneliness was partially accounted for by the fact that physical disability was associated with less supportive nonmarital relationships. While physically-disabled older adults in higher-quality marriages were buffered from loneliness, supportive non-martial relationships did not offset elevated loneliness among those in low-quality marriages. These associations were largely similar for men and women. Thus, although both marital and nonmarital relationships are important for loneliness, when confronted with a stressor such as disablement it is the marital relationship alone that matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Warner
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, United States.
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Schnittger RIB, Walsh CD, Casey AM, Wherton JP, McHugh JE, Lawlor BA. Psychological distress as a key component of psychosocial functioning in community-dwelling older people. Aging Ment Health 2012; 16:199-207. [PMID: 21861630 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2011.604024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the key components representative of measures of psychosocial functioning with a focus on identifying the constituents of psychological distress in an Irish sample of community-dwelling older adults and to examine the relationship between these components and health outcomes such as frailty. METHOD Cross-sectional observational study at the Technology Research for Independent Living (TRIL) Clinic, a comprehensive geriatric assessment facility in St. James's Hospital, Dublin. In this study, 579 participants were given eight primary assessments (Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression, Geriatric Adverse Life Events Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, De Jong-Gierveld Scale, Practitioner Assessment of Network Type, Eysenck Personality Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale) and a broad range of health and demographic secondary assessments. Principal factor analysis identified the core components relating to psychosocial functioning. Following this, the regression factors of these components were correlated with health outcomes. RESULTS The first of three components identified accounted for 9.08% of the variance and related to a core internal component of psychological distress. The two other components related to external and physiological functioning, specifically social support networks and sleep. Spearman's Rho correlations indicated significant associations of walking speed, age, Berg Balance Scale and living alone with all three components. Additionally, the core component of psychological distress significantly correlated with the Fried Frailty Index, illness co-morbidity, ADL, IADL and nutrition. CONCLUSION These results characterise the variation in psychosocial functioning in older adults and identifies psychological distress as a core facet of psychosocial functioning which has associations with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I B Schnittger
- Technology Research for Independent Living Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Warner DF, Kelley-Moore J. The social context of disablement among older adults: does marital quality matter for loneliness? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 53:50-66. [PMID: 22382720 DOI: 10.1177/0022146512439540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has not adequately considered that disablement occurs within a web of relationships that provides socioemotional resources to and/or places demands on older adults. Drawing on the stress process and life course perspectives, we considered the social context of disablement by examining the influence of marital quality on the association between disability and loneliness among married older adults. Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we found (1) functional limitations were associated with higher levels of loneliness; (2) neither positive nor negative marital quality mediated this association, contrary to the stress-deterioration hypothesis; and (3) positive (but not negative) marital quality moderated this association, consistent with the stress-buffering hypothesis. These associations were similar for women and men. Our findings indicate the importance of the social context of disablement, as interpersonal resources offer protection from the deleterious socioemotional consequences of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Warner
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7124, USA.
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Bierman A. Pain and depression in late life: mastery as mediator and moderator. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2011; 66:595-604. [PMID: 21808069 PMCID: PMC3155032 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbr070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines how mastery mediates and moderates the relationship between pain and depression among older adults, as well as the extent to which these processes differ by the timing of pain in late life, while utilizing statistical methods that comprehensively control for time-stable confounds. METHODS Data are derived from multiple observations of adults aged 65 years and older in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area over a 4-year period. Fixed effects models are used to control for time-stable influences. RESULTS With all time-stable influences controlled, pain is positively related to symptoms of depression, although this relationship is substantially reduced in comparison with a model in which all time-stable confounds are not held constant. Mastery does not mediate this relationship because pain is not significantly related to mastery once time-stable factors are taken into account. Mastery buffers the relationship between pain and depression, but only for elders later in late life. DISCUSSION This study suggests that a synthesis of stress process and life course perspectives is critical for understanding how pain influences depression in late life. However, research that does not comprehensively control for time-stable factors may overestimate the consequences of pain for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bierman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada T2N 1N4.
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Vallée J, Cadot E, Roustit C, Parizot I, Chauvin P. The role of daily mobility in mental health inequalities: the interactive influence of activity space and neighbourhood of residence on depression. Soc Sci Med 2011; 73:1133-44. [PMID: 21903318 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The literature reports an association between neighbourhood deprivation and individual depression after adjustment for individual factors. The present paper investigates whether vulnerability to neighbourhood features is influenced by individual "activity space" (i.e., the space within which people move about or travel in the course of their daily activities). It can be assumed that a deprived residential environment can exert a stronger influence on the mental health of people whose activity space is limited to their neighbourhood of residence, since their exposure to their neighbourhood would be greater. Moreover, we studied the relationship between activity space size and depression. A limited activity space could indeed reflect spatial and social confinement and thus be associated with a higher risk of being depressed, or, conversely, it could be linked to a deep attachment to the neighbourhood of residence and thus be associated with a lower risk of being depressed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of a representative sample consisting of 3011 inhabitants surveyed in 2005 in the Paris, France metropolitan area and nested within 50 census blocks showed, after adjusting for individual-level variables, that people living in deprived neighbourhoods were significantly more depressed that those living in more advantaged neighbourhoods. We also observed a statistically significant cross-level interaction between activity space and neighbourhood deprivation, as they relate to depression. Living in a deprived neighbourhood had a stronger and statistically significant effect on depression in people whose activity space was limited to their neighbourhood than in those whose daily travels extended beyond it. In addition, a limited activity space appeared to be a protective factor with regard to depression for people living in advantaged neighbourhoods and a risk factor for those living in deprived neighbourhoods. It could therefore be useful to take activity space into consideration more often when studying the social and spatial determinants of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vallée
- INSERM, U 707, Research Team on the Social Determinants of Health and Healthcare, Paris, France.
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