1
|
Gibbs VK, Smith DL. Nutrition and energetics in rodent longevity research. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:90-96. [PMID: 27073168 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of calorie amount on aging has been extensively described; however, variation over time and among laboratories in animal diet, housing condition, and strains complicates discerning the true influence of calories (energy) versus nutrients on lifespan. Within the dietary restriction field, single macronutrient manipulations have historically been researched as a means to reduce calories while maintaining adequate levels of essential nutrients. Recent reports of nutritional geometry, including rodent models, highlight the impact macronutrients have on whole organismal aging outcomes. However, other environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature) may alter nutrient preferences and requirements revealing context specific outcomes. Herein we highlight factors that influence the energetic and nutrient demands of organisms which oftentimes have underappreciated impacts on clarifying interventional effects on health and longevity in aging studies and subsequent translation to improve the human condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Gibbs
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
4
|
Vaanholt L, Daan S, Schubert K, Visser G. Metabolism and Aging: Effects of Cold Exposure on Metabolic Rate, Body Composition, and Longevity in Mice. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:314-24. [DOI: 10.1086/589727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
A modest reduction in body temperature prolongs longevity and may retard aging in both poikilotherm and homeotherm animals. Some of the possible mechanisms mediating these effects are considered here with respect to major aging models and theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Conti
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Harold Dorris Neurological Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lane MA, Baer DJ, Rumpler WV, Weindruch R, Ingram DK, Tilmont EM, Cutler RG, Roth GS. Calorie restriction lowers body temperature in rhesus monkeys, consistent with a postulated anti-aging mechanism in rodents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:4159-64. [PMID: 8633033 PMCID: PMC39504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies of caloric restriction (CR) in rodents and lower animals indicate that this nutritional manipulation retards aging processes, as evidenced by increased longevity, reduced pathology, and maintenance of physiological function in a more youthful state. The anti-aging effects of CR are believed to relate, at least in part, to changes in energy metabolism. We are attempting to determine whether similar effects occur in response to CR in nonhuman primates. Core (rectal) body temperature decreased progressively with age from 2 to 30 years in rhesus monkeys fed ad lib (controls) and is reduced by approximately 0.5 degrees C in age-matched monkeys subjected to 6 years of a 30% reduction in caloric intake. A short-term (1 month) 30% restriction of 2.5-year-old monkeys lowered subcutaneous body temperature by 1.0 degrees C. Indirect calorimetry showed that 24-hr energy expenditure was reduced by approximately 24% during short-term CR. The temporal association between reduced body temperature and energy expenditure suggests that reductions in body temperature relate to the induction of an energy conservation mechanism during CR. These reductions in body temperature and energy expenditure are consistent with findings in rodent studies in which aging rate was retarded by CR, now strengthening the possibility that CR may exert beneficial effects in primates analogous to those observed in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Lane
- Molecular Physiology and Genetics Section, Nathan W. Shock Laboratories, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nelson JF. The Potential Role of Selected Endocrine Systems in Aging Processes. Compr Physiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Kurata M, Suzuki M, Agar NS. Antioxidant systems and erythrocyte life-span in mammals. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 106:477-87. [PMID: 8281748 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90121-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Erythrocyte antioxidant systems--superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)--were discussed in relation to life-spans in some mammalian species. 2. The erythrocyte life-span of different mammals was found to be correlated with the levels of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH. 3. Data reviewed indicates that the erythrocyte life-span of each species is governed by both the oxygen radical formation and the efficiency of intrinsic antioxidant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kurata
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benzi G, Pastoris O, Villa RF. Changes induced by aging and drug treatment on cerebral enzymatic antioxidant system. Neurochem Res 1988; 13:467-78. [PMID: 3405373 DOI: 10.1007/bf01268883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The age-related modifications of the participants to the cerebral enzymatic antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) were evaluated in four brain regions from male Wistar rats aged 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 months. Both the specific enzyme activity and the profile of any enzyme tested markedly differ with age according to the region examined: parieto-temporal cortex, caudate-putamen, substantia nigra and thalamus. This inhomogeneous age-related profile of enzyme activities could explain both the controversial data of literature and the different regional vulnerability of the brain tissue to damage with aging. In rats aged 10, 20, or 30 months, the chronic i.p. treatment for two months with papaverine or ergot alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, dehydroergocriptine) suggests that the antioxidant enzyme activities may be influenced according to the agent utilized, the brain region tested, and the age of the animal. In any case, small differences in the drug structure support marked differences in the type and extent of the intervention on the antioxidant enzymatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Benzi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adelman R, Saul RL, Ames BN. Oxidative damage to DNA: relation to species metabolic rate and life span. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:2706-8. [PMID: 3128794 PMCID: PMC280067 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA is caused by reactive by-products of normal metabolism, as well as by radiation. Oxidized DNA bases excised by DNA repair enzymes and excreted in urine were measured in four different species to determine the relation between specific metabolic rate (ml of O2 consumed per gram of body weight per hr) and oxidative DNA damage. An average of 6.04 nmol of thymine glycol per kg/day and 2.58 nmol of thymidine glycol per kg/day were found in mouse urine and 1.12 nmol of thymine glycol per kg/day and 0.95 nmol of thymidine glycol per kg/day were found in monkey urine. On a body weight basis, mice excrete 18 times more thymine glycol plus thymidine glycol than do humans, and monkeys excrete 4 times more thymine glycol plus thymidine glycol than do humans. When results among mice, rats, monkeys, and humans are compared, specific metabolic rate correlates highly with oxidative DNA damage. These findings are consistent with the theory that free radical-induced DNA damage may play a central role in the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Adelman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Cutler RG. Urate and ascorbate: their possible roles as antioxidants in determining longevity of mammalian species. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1984; 3:321-48. [PMID: 6532339 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(84)90033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/1984] [Accepted: 09/17/1984] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Urate has been shown to be a major antioxidant in human serum and was postulated to have a biological role in protecting tissues against the toxic effects of oxygen radicals and in determining the longevity of primates. This possibility has been tested by determining if the maximum lifespan potentials of 22 primate and 17 non-primate mammalian species are positively correlated with the concentration of urate in serum and brain per specific metabolic rate. This analysis is based on the concept that the degree of protection a tissue has against oxygen radicals is proportional to antioxidant concentration per rate of oxygen metabolism of that tissue. Ascorbate, another potentially important antioxidant in determining longevity of mammalian species, was also investigated using this method. The results show a highly significant positive correlation of maximum lifespan potential with the concentration of urate in serum and brain per specific metabolic rate. No significant correlation was found for ascorbate. These results support the hypothesis that urate is biologically active as an antioxidant and is involved in determining the longevity of primate species, particularly for humans and the great apes. Ascorbate appears to have played little or no role as a longevity determinant in mammalian species.
Collapse
|
13
|
Deutschmann W, Wellhöner HH, Erdmann G. Perfusion of the cervical spinal cord in situ of adult rats using a perfluorocarbon emulsion. Brain Res 1983; 280:239-49. [PMID: 6652485 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed for the perfusion of the cervical spinal cord of adult rats through the supplying arteries. A medium containing perfluorotributylamine as an oxygen carrier was used. The electrophysiological responsiveness was continuously monitored; pO2, pCO2, pH, Na+ and K+ were intermittently measured in the medium. The perfused cord maintained its responsiveness for more than 5 h. No changes in its structure became apparent in electron micrographs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Recondite Toxicity of Trace Elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-107604-7.50009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
15
|
Yousef MK, Luick JR. Estimation of thyroxine secretion rate in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus: effects of sex, age and season. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1971; 40:789-95. [PMID: 4109170 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(71)90264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
LIU ROBERTK, WALFORD ROYL. Increased Growth and Life-span with Lowered Ambient Temperature in the Annual Fish, Cynolebias adloffi. Nature 1966. [DOI: 10.1038/2121277a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Various biological aspects of the aging process are reviewed. Aging has multiple causes. First, there is the initial genetic variability in the organism. Second, there is the destructive effect of the environment. Third, there is an accumulation in the somatic cells of changes, mutations or local chemical damage. These changes incapacitate or kill individual cells, and eventually cause a decline in physiological capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Reichel
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|