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Tavares CS, Mishra R, Kishk A, Wang X, Ghobrial PN, Killiny N, Bonning BC. The beta pore-forming bacterial pesticidal protein Tpp78Aa1 is toxic to the Asian citrus psyllid vector of the citrus greening bacterium. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108122. [PMID: 38710321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri transmits the causative agent of huanglongbing, or citrus greening disease, that has decimated global citrus production. Pesticidal proteins derived from bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can provide effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for management of D. citri, but few with sufficient toxicity to D. citri have been identified. Here, we report on the toxicity of 14 Bt-derived pesticidal proteins from five different structural groups against D. citri. These proteins were selected based on previously reported toxicity to other hemipteran species and on pesticidal protein availability. Most of the proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies or His-tag affinity purification, while App6Aa2 was expressed in Bt and purified from spore/crystal mixtures. Pesticidal proteins were initially screened by feeding psyllids on a single dose, and lethal concentration (LC50) then determined for proteins with significantly greater mortality than the buffer control. The impact of CLas infection of D. citri on toxicity was assessed for selected proteins via topical feeding. The Bt protein Tpp78Aa1 was toxic to D. citri adults with an LC50 of approximately 204 µg/mL. Nymphs were more susceptible to Tpp78Aa1 than adults but no significant difference in susceptibility was observed between healthy and CLas-infected nymphs or adults. Tpp78Aa1 and other reported D. citri-active proteins may provide valuable tools for suppression of D. citri populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clebson S Tavares
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ruchir Mishra
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abdelaziz Kishk
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University 31527, Egypt
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pierre N Ghobrial
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University 31527, Egypt
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Jia J, Zhao X, Jia P, Zhang X, Li D, Liu Y, Huang L. Ecophysiological responses of Phragmites australis populations to a tidal flat gradient in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1326345. [PMID: 38756962 PMCID: PMC11097105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1326345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Phragmites australis is a prevalent species in the Chongming Dongtan wetland and is capable of thriving in various tidal flat environments, including high salinity habitats. P. australis population displays inconsistent ecological performances, highlighting the need to uncover their survival strategies and mechanisms in tidal flats with diverse soil salinities. Upon comparing functional traits of P. australis at multiple tidal flats (low, middle, and high) and their responses to soil physicochemical properties, this study aimed to clarify the salt-tolerant strategy of P. australis and the corresponding mechanisms. These results showed that leaf characteristics, such as specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, demonstrated more robust stability to soil salinity than shoot height and dry weight. Furthermore, as salt stress intensified, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxisome (POD) in P. australis leaves at low tidal flat exhibited an increased upward trend compared to those at other tidal flats. The molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in Phragmites australis across various habitats was investigated using transcriptome sequencing. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened out 3 modules closely related to high salt tolerance and identified 105 core genes crucial for high salt tolerance. Further research was carried out on the few degraded populations at low tidal flat, and 25 core genes were identified by combining WGCNA and DEGs. A decrease in the activity of ferroptosis marker gonyautoxin-4 and an increase in the content of Fe3+ in the degenerated group were observed, indicating that ferroptosis might participate in degradation. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated a possible regulatory network between salt tolerance and ferroptosis. In short, this study provided new insights into the salt tolerance mechanism of P. australis population along tidal flats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peng Jia
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- GeneMind Biosciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Fisher TW, Munyaneza JE, Brown JK. Sub-optimal temperatures lead to altered expression of stress-related genes and increased 'C andidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' accumulation in potato psyllid. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 3:1279365. [PMID: 38469510 PMCID: PMC10926459 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1279365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli is the insect vector of the fastidious bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'. The bacterium infects both B. cockerelli and plant species, causing zebra chip (ZC) disease of potato and vein-greening disease of tomato. Temperatures are known to influence the initiation and progression of disease symptom in the host plant, and seasonal transitions from moderate to high temperatures trigger psyllid dispersal migration to facilitate survival. Methods 'Ca. L. solanacearum' -infected and uninfected psyllids were reared at previously established 'permissible', optimal, and 'non-permissible' and temperatures of 18°C, 24°C, and 30°C, respectively. Gene expression profiles for 'Ca. L. solanacearum'-infected and -uninfected adult psyllids reared at different temperatures were characterized by Illumina RNA-Seq analysis. Bacterial genome copy number was quantified by real-time quantitative-PCR (qPCR) amplification. Results Relative gene expression profiles varied in psyllids reared at the three experimental temperatures. Psyllids reared at 18°C and 30°C exhibited greater fold-change increased expression of stress- and 'Ca. L. solanacearum' invasion-related proteins. Quantification by qPCR of bacterial genome copy number revealed that 'Ca. L. solanacearum' accumulation was significantly lower in psyllids reared at 18°C and 30°C, compared to 24°C. Discussion Temperature is a key factor in the life history of potato psyllid and multiplication/accumulation of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' in both the plant and psyllid host, influences the expression of genes associated with thermal stress tolerance, among others, and may have been instrumental in driving the co-evolution of the pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonja W. Fisher
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joseph E. Munyaneza
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory (YARL), Wapato, WA, United States
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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He R, Fisher TW, Saha S, Peiz-Stelinski K, Willis MA, Gang DR, Brown JK. Differential gene expression of Asian citrus psyllids infected with ' Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' reveals hyper-susceptibility to invasion by instar fourth-fifth and teneral adult stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1229620. [PMID: 37662178 PMCID: PMC10470031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1229620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the causal agent of citrus greening disease. This unusual plant pathogenic bacterium also infects its psyllid host, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). To investigate gene expression profiles with a focus on genes involved in infection and circulation within the psyllid host of CLas, RNA-seq libraries were constructed from CLas-infected and CLas-free ACP representing the five different developmental stages, namely, nymphal instars 1-2, 3, and 4-5, and teneral and mature adults. The Gbp paired-end reads (296) representing the transcriptional landscape of ACP across all life stages and the official gene set (OGSv3) were annotated based on the chromosomal-length v3 reference genome and used for de novo transcript discovery resulting in 25,410 genes with 124,177 isoforms. Differential expression analysis across all ACP developmental stages revealed instar-specific responses to CLas infection, with greater overall responses by nymphal instars, compared to mature adults. More genes were over-or under-expressed in the 4-5th nymphal instars and young (teneral) adults than in instars 1-3, or mature adults, indicating that late immature instars and young maturing adults were highly responsive to CLas infection. Genes identified with potential for direct or indirect involvement in the ACP-CLas circulative, propagative transmission pathway were predominantly responsive during early invasion and infection processes and included canonical cytoskeletal remodeling and endo-exocytosis pathway genes. Genes with predicted functions in defense, development, and immunity exhibited the greatest responsiveness to CLas infection. These results shed new light on ACP-CLas interactions essential for pathogenesis of the psyllid host, some that share striking similarities with effector protein-animal host mechanisms reported for other culturable and/or fastidious bacterial- or viral- host pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng He
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Tonja W. Fisher
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Surya Saha
- Sol Genomics Network, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kirsten Peiz-Stelinski
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Mark A. Willis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Hosseinzadeh S, Heck M. Variations on a theme: factors regulating interaction between Diaphorina citri and "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" vector and pathogen of citrus huanglongbing. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101025. [PMID: 36990150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB), the world's most serious disease of citrus. Owing to the relevancy and urgency of HLB research, the study of transmission biology in the HLB pathosystem has been a significant area of research. The focus of this article is to summarize and synthesize recent advancements in transmission biology between D. citri and CLas to create an updated view of the research landscape and to identify avenues for future research. Variability appears to play an important role in the transmission of CLas by D. citri. We advocate that it is important to understand the genetic basis for and environmental factors contributing to CLas transmission and how that variation may be exploited to develop and improve HLB control tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseinzadeh
- Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michelle Heck
- Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Mann M, Saha S, Cicero JM, Pitino M, Moulton K, Hunter WB, Cano LM, Mueller LA, Heck M. Lessons learned about the biology and genomics of Diaphorina citri infection with "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" by integrating new and archived organ-specific transcriptome data. Gigascience 2022; 11:6575386. [PMID: 35482489 PMCID: PMC9049105 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Huanglongbing, a devastating disease of citrus, is caused by the obligate, intracellular bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas). CLas is transmitted by Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid. Development of transmission-blocking strategies to manage huanglongbing relies on knowledge of CLas and D. citri interactions at the molecular level. Prior transcriptome analyses of D. citri point to changes in psyllid biology due to CLas infection but have been hampered by incomplete versions of the D. citri genome, proper host plant controls, and/or a lack of a uniform data analysis approach. In this work, we present lessons learned from a quantitative transcriptome analysis of excised heads, salivary glands, midguts, and bacteriomes from CLas-positive and CLas-negative D. citri using the chromosomal length D. citri genome assembly. Results Each organ had a unique transcriptome profile and response to CLas infection. Though most psyllids were infected with the bacterium, CLas-derived transcripts were not detected in all organs. By analyzing the midgut dataset using both the Diaci_v1.1 and v3.0 D. citri genomes, we showed that improved genome assembly led to significant and quantifiable differences in RNA-sequencing data interpretation. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that future transcriptome studies on circulative, vector-borne pathogens should be conducted at the tissue-specific level using complete, chromosomal-length genome assemblies for the most accurate understanding of pathogen-induced changes in vector gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mann
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Surya Saha
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph M Cicero
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Kathy Moulton
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Unit of Subtropical Insects and Horticulture, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Wayne B Hunter
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Unit of Subtropical Insects and Horticulture, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Liliana M Cano
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | | | - Michelle Heck
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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