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Altmann F, Helm J, Pabst M, Stadlmann J. Introduction of a human- and keyboard-friendly N-glycan nomenclature. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:607-620. [PMID: 38505241 PMCID: PMC10949011 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the beginning was the word. But there were no words for N-glycans, at least, no simple words. Next to chemical formulas, the IUPAC code can be regarded as the best, most reliable and yet immediately comprehensible annotation of oligosaccharide structures of any type from any source. When it comes to N-glycans, the venerable IUPAC code has, however, been widely supplanted by highly simplified terms for N-glycans that count the number of antennae or certain components such as galactoses, sialic acids and fucoses and give only limited room for exact structure description. The highly illustrative - and fortunately now standardized - cartoon depictions gained much ground during the last years. By their very nature, cartoons can neither be written nor spoken. The underlying machine codes (e.g., GlycoCT, WURCS) are definitely not intended for direct use in human communication. So, one might feel the need for a simple, yet intelligible and precise system for alphanumeric descriptions of the hundreds and thousands of N-glycan structures. Here, we present a system that describes N-glycans by defining their terminal elements. To minimize redundancy and length of terms, the common elements of N-glycans are taken as granted. The preset reading order facilitates definition of positional isomers. The combination with elements of the condensed IUPAC code allows to describe even rather complex structural elements. Thus, this "proglycan" coding could be the missing link between drawn structures and software-oriented representations of N-glycan structures. On top, it may greatly facilitate keyboard-based mining for glycan substructures in glycan repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Helm
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Dubey KK, Kumar A, Baldia A, Rajput D, Kateriya S, Singh R, Nikita, Tandon R, Mishra YK. Biomanufacturing of glycosylated antibodies: Challenges, solutions, and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108267. [PMID: 37813174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, recombinant protein production has been done in several expression hosts of bacteria, fungi, and majorly CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells; few have high production costs and are susceptible to harmful toxin contamination. Green algae have the potential to produce recombinant proteins in a more sustainable manner. Microalgal diversity leads to offer excellent opportunities to produce glycosylated antibodies. An antibody with humanized glycans plays a crucial role in cellular communication that works to regulate cells and molecules, to control disease, and to stimulate immunity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to understand the role of abiotic factors (light, temperature, pH, etc.) in the production of bioactive molecules and molecular mechanisms of product synthesis from microalgae which would lead to harnessing the potential of algal bio-refinery. However, the potential of microalgae as the source of bio-refinery has been less explored. In the present review, omics approaches for microalgal engineering, methods of humanized glycoproteins production focusing majorly on N-glycosylation pathways, light-based regulation of glycosylation machinery, and production of antibodies with humanized glycans in microalgae with a major emphasis on modulation of post-translation machinery of microalgae which might play a role in better understanding of microalgal potential as a source for antibody production along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anshu Baldia
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanshi Rajput
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajani Singh
- Laboratory of Optobiotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark.
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The In Silico Characterization of Monocotyledonous α-l-Arabinofuranosidases on the Example of Maize. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020266. [PMID: 36836625 PMCID: PMC9964162 DOI: 10.3390/life13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant α-l-arabinofuranosidases remove terminal arabinose from arabinose-containing substrates such as plant cell wall polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans, arabinogalactans, and arabinans. In plants, de-arabinosylation of cell wall polysaccharides accompanies different physiological processes such as fruit ripening and elongation growth. In this report, we address the diversity of plant α-l-arabinofuranosidases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 through their phylogenetic analysis as well as their structural features. The CBM4-like domain at N-terminus was found to exist only in GH51 family proteins and was detected in almost 90% of plant sequences. This domain is similar to bacterial CBM4, but due to substitutions of key amino acid residues, it does not appear to be able to bind carbohydrates. Despite isoenzymes of GH51 being abundant, in particular in cereals, almost half of the GH51 proteins in Poales have a mutation of the acid/base residue in the catalytic site, making them potentially inactive. Open-source data on the transcription and translation of GH51 isoforms in maize were analyzed to discuss possible functions of individual isoenzymes. The results of homology modeling and molecular docking showed that the substrate binding site can accurately accommodate terminal arabinofuranose and that arabinoxylan is a more favorable ligand for all maize GH51 enzymes than arabinan.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Bohlender LL, Parsons J, Hoernstein SNW, Bangert N, Rodríguez-Jahnke F, Reski R, Decker EL. Unexpected Arabinosylation after Humanization of Plant Protein N-Glycosylation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:838365. [PMID: 35252146 PMCID: PMC8894861 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.838365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As biopharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins have become indispensable tools in medicine. An increasing demand, not only in quantity but also in diversity, drives the constant development and improvement of production platforms. The N-glycosylation pattern on biopharmaceuticals plays an important role in activity, serum half-life and immunogenicity. Therefore, production platforms with tailored protein N-glycosylation are of great interest. Plant-based systems have already demonstrated their potential to produce pharmaceutically relevant recombinant proteins, although their N-glycan patterns differ from those in humans. Plants have shown great plasticity towards the manipulation of their glycosylation machinery, and some have already been glyco-engineered in order to avoid the attachment of plant-typical, putatively immunogenic sugar residues. This resulted in complex-type N-glycans with a core structure identical to the human one. Compared to humans, plants lack the ability to elongate these N-glycans with β1,4-linked galactoses and terminal sialic acids. However, these modifications, which require the activity of several mammalian enzymes, have already been achieved for Nicotiana benthamiana and the moss Physcomitrella. Here, we present the first step towards sialylation of recombinant glycoproteins in Physcomitrella, human β1,4-linked terminal N-glycan galactosylation, which was achieved by the introduction of a chimeric β1,4-galactosyltransferase (FTGT). This chimeric enzyme consists of the moss α1,4-fucosyltransferase transmembrane domain, fused to the catalytic domain of the human β1,4-galactosyltransferase. Stable FTGT expression led to the desired β1,4-galactosylation. However, additional pentoses of unknown identity were also observed. The nature of these pentoses was subsequently determined by Western blot and enzymatic digestion followed by mass spectrometric analysis and resulted in their identification as α-linked arabinoses. Since a pentosylation of β1,4-galactosylated N-glycans was reported earlier, e.g., on recombinant human erythropoietin produced in glyco-engineered Nicotiana tabacum, this phenomenon is of a more general importance for plant-based production platforms. Arabinoses, which are absent in humans, may prevent the full humanization of plant-derived products. Therefore, the identification of these pentoses as arabinoses is important as it creates the basis for their abolishment to ensure the production of safe biopharmaceuticals in plant-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard L. Bohlender
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliana Parsons
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Nina Bangert
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Jahnke
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva L. Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eva L. Decker,
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Toustou C, Walet-Balieu ML, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Houdou M, Lerouge P, Foulquier F, Bardor M. Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N-glycan structures in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:732-748. [PMID: 34873817 PMCID: PMC9300197 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N‐glycosylation is an important post‐translational modification of proteins that has been highly conserved during evolution and is found in Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea. In eukaryotes, N‐glycan processing is sequential, involving multiple specific steps within the secretory pathway as proteins travel through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this review, we first summarize the different steps of the N‐glycan processing and further describe recent findings regarding the diversity of N‐glycan structures in eukaryotic clades. This comparison allows us to explore the different regulation mechanisms of N‐glycan processing among eukaryotic clades. Recent findings regarding the regulation of protein N‐glycosylation are highlighted, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of complex‐type N‐glycans through manganese and calcium homeostasis and the specific role of transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) for which homologous sequences have been identified in several eukaryotic clades. Further research will be required to characterize the function of TMEM165 homologous sequences in different eukaryotic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Toustou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marine Houdou
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France.,Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France.,Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
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7
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Xie X, Du H, Chen J, Aslam M, Wang W, Chen W, Li P, Du H, Liu X. Global Profiling of N-Glycoproteins and N-Glycans in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:779307. [PMID: 34925422 PMCID: PMC8678454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification in all eukaryotes, but little is known about the N-glycoproteins and N-glycans in microalgae. Here, N-glycoproteomic and N-glycomic approaches were used to unveil the N-glycoproteins and N-glycans in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In total, 863 different N-glycopeptides corresponding to 639 N-glycoproteins were identified from P. tricornutum. These N-glycoproteins participated in a variety of important metabolic pathways in P. tricornutum. Twelve proteins participating in the N-glycosylation pathway were identified as N-glycoproteins, indicating that the N-glycosylation of these proteins might be important for the protein N-glycosylation pathway. Subsequently, 69 N-glycans corresponding to 59 N-glycoproteins were identified and classified into high mannose and hybrid type N-glycans. High mannose type N-glycans contained four different classes, such as Man-5, Man-7, Man-9, and Man-10 with a terminal glucose residue. Hybrid type N-glycan harbored Man-4 with a terminal GlcNAc residue. The identification of N-glycosylation on nascent proteins expanded our understanding of this modification at a N-glycoproteomic scale, the analysis of N-glycan structures updated the N-glycan database in microalgae. The results obtained from this study facilitate the elucidation of the precise function of these N-glycoproteins and are beneficial for future designing the microalga to produce the functional humanized biopharmaceutical N-glycoproteins for the clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water & Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Wanna Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hua Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Nicoletti C, Procházková L, Nedbalová L, Mócsai R, Altmann F, Holzinger A, Remias D. Thorsmoerkia curvula gen. et spec. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a semi-terrestrial microalga from Iceland exhibits high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2021; 33:3671-3682. [PMID: 35309180 PMCID: PMC7612509 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-021-02577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A terrestrial green alga was isolated at Iceland, and the strain (SAG 2627) was described for its morphology and phylogenetic position and tested for biotechnological capabilities. Cells had a distinctly curved, crescent shape with conical poles and a single parietal chloroplast. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA and rbcL markers placed the strain into the Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta). The alga turned out to belong to an independent lineage without an obvious sister group within the Trebouxiophyceae. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, the strain was described as a new genus and species, Thorsmoerkia curvula gen. et sp. nov. Biomass was generated in column reactors and subsequently screened for promising metabolites. Growth was optimized by pH-regulated, episodic CO2 supplement during the logarithmic growth-phase, and half of the biomass was thereafter exposed to nitrogen and phosphate depletion. The biomass yield reached up to 53.5 mg L-1 day-1. Fatty acid (FA) production peaked at 24 mg L-1 day-1 and up to 83% of all FAs were unsaturated. At the end of the log phase, approximately 45% of dry mass were lipids, including eicosapentaenoic acid. Carotenoid production reached up to 2.94 mg L-1 day-1 but it was halted during the stress phase. The N-linked glycans of glycoproteins were assessed to reveal chemotaxonomic patterns. The study demonstrated that new microalgae can be found at Iceland, potentially suitable for applied purposes. The advantage of T. curvula is its robustness and that significant amounts of lipids are already accumulated during log phase, making a subsequent stress exposure dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nicoletti
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Réka Mócsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 19, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 19, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
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Choi J, Shin JH, An HJ, Oh MJ, Kim SR. Analysis of secretome and N-glycosylation of Chlorella species. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Dumontier R, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Walet-Balieu ML, Burel C, Mareck A, Afonso C, Lerouge P, Bardor M. Identification of N-glycan oligomannoside isomers in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117660. [PMID: 33673983 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are emerging production systems for recombinant proteins like monoclonal antibodies. In this context, the characterization of the host cell N-glycosylation machinery and of the microalgae-made biopharmaceuticals, which are mainly glycoprotein-based products, requires efficient analytical methodologies dedicated to the profiling of the N-glycans. Herein, in order to gain knowledge regarding its N-glycosylation pathway, we profile the protein N-linked oligosaccharides isolated from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that has been used successfully to produce functional monoclonal antibodies. The combination of ion mobility spectrometry-mass Spectrometry and electrospray ionization-multistage tandem mass spectrometry allows us to decipher the detailed structure of the oligomannoside isomers and to demonstrate that the processing of the oligomannosides N-linked to proteins occurs in this diatom as reported in mammals. Therefore, P. tricornutum synthesizes human-like oligomannosides in contrast to other microalgae species. This represent an advantage as an alternative ecofriendly expression system to produce biopharmaceuticals used for human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Dumontier
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carole Burel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alain Mareck
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, UMR6014 - COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, 76000 Rouen, France; Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000 Lille, France.
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Mócsai R, Kaehlig H, Blaukopf M, Stadlmann J, Kosma P, Altmann F. The Structural Difference of Isobaric N-Glycans of Two Microalgae Samples Reveals Taxonomic Distance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643249. [PMID: 33981323 PMCID: PMC8107433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae of the Chlorella clade are extensively investigated as an environmentally friendly source of renewable biofuels and high-value nutrients. In addition, essentially unprocessed Chlorella serves as wholesome food additive. A recent study on 80 commercial Chlorella preparations revealed an unexpected variety of protein-linked N-glycan patterns with unprecedented structural features, such as the occurrence of arabinose. Two groups of products exhibited a characteristic major N-glycan isobaric to the Man2GlcNAc2XylFuc N-glycan known from pineapple stem bromelain, but tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis pointed at two types of N-glycan different from the bromelain structure, as well as from each other. Here we report the exact structures of these two novel N-glycan structures, elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MS/MS, as well as on their phylogenetic context. Despite their humble size, these two N-glycans exhibited a very different design with structural features unrelated to those recently described for other Chlorella-clade strains. The major glycans of this study presented several novel structural features such as substitution by arabinose or xylose of the internal N-acetylglucosamine, as well as methylated sugars. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA barcode analyses revealed that the xylose-containing structure derived from a product primarily comprising Scenedesmus species, and the arabinose-containing glycan type related to Chlorella species (SAG211-34 and FACHB-31) and to Auxenochlorella. This is another example where characteristic N-glycan structures distinguish phylogenetically different groups of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Mócsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kaehlig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Isolation, structures and biological activities of polysaccharides from Chlorella: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2199-2209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mócsai R, Figl R, Sützl L, Fluch S, Altmann F. A first view on the unsuspected intragenus diversity of N-glycans in Chlorella microalgae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:184-196. [PMID: 32031706 PMCID: PMC7383745 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella microalgae are increasingly used for various purposes such as fatty acid production, wastewater processing, or as health-promoting food supplements. A mass spectrometry-based survey of N-glycan structures of strain collection specimens and 80 commercial Chlorella products revealed a hitherto unseen intragenus diversity of N-glycan structures. Differing numbers of methyl groups, pentoses, deoxyhexoses, and N-acetylglucosamine culminated in c. 100 different glycan masses. Thirteen clearly discernible glycan-type groups were identified. Unexpected features included the occurrence of arabinose, of different and rare types of monosaccharide methylation (e.g. 4-O-methyl-N-acetylglucosamine), and substitution of the second N-acetylglucosamine. Analysis of barcode ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences established a phylogenetic tree that essentially went hand in hand with the grouping obtained by glycan patterns. This brief prelude to microalgal N-glycans revealed a fabulous wealth of undescribed structural features that finely differentiated Chlorella-like microalgae, which are notoriously poor in morphological attributes. In light of the almost identical N-glycan structural features that exist within vertebrates or land plants, the herein discovered diversity is astonishing and argues for a selection pressure only explicable by a fundamental functional role of these glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Mócsai
- Department of ChemistryVienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Department of ChemistryVienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Leander Sützl
- Department of Food TechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
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Mathieu-Rivet E, Mati-Baouche N, Walet-Balieu ML, Lerouge P, Bardor M. N- and O-Glycosylation Pathways in the Microalgae Polyphyletic Group. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:609993. [PMID: 33391324 PMCID: PMC7773692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.609993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The term microalga refers to various unicellular and photosynthetic organisms representing a polyphyletic group. It gathers numerous species, which can be found in cyanobacteria (i.e., Arthrospira) as well as in distinct eukaryotic groups, such as Chlorophytes (i.e., Chlamydomonas or Chlorella) and Heterokonts (i.e., diatoms). This phylogenetic diversity results in an extraordinary variety of metabolic pathways, offering large possibilities for the production of natural compounds like pigments or lipids that can explain the ever-growing interest of industrials for these organisms since the middle of the last century. More recently, several species have received particular attention as biofactories for the production of recombinant proteins. Indeed, microalgae are easy to grow, safe and cheap making them attractive alternatives as heterologous expression systems. In this last scope of applications, the glycosylation capacity of these organisms must be considered as this post-translational modification of proteins impacts their structural and biological features. Although these mechanisms are well known in various Eukaryotes like mammals, plants or insects, only a few studies have been undertaken for the investigation of the protein glycosylation in microalgae. Recently, significant progresses have been made especially regarding protein N-glycosylation, while O-glycosylation remain poorly known. This review aims at summarizing the recent data in order to assess the state-of-the art knowledge in glycosylation processing in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrice Lerouge
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Muriel Bardor,
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