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Haslund-Gourley BS, Wigdahl B, Comunale MA. IgG N-glycan Signatures as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061016. [PMID: 36980324 PMCID: PMC10047871 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG N-glycans are an emerging source of disease-specific biomarkers. Over the last decade, the continued development of glycomic databases and the evolution of glyco-analytic methods have resulted in increased throughput, resolution, and sensitivity. IgG N-glycans promote adaptive immune responses through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation to combat infection or cancer and promote autoimmunity. In addition to the functional assays, researchers are examining the ability of protein-specific glycosylation to serve as biomarkers of disease. This literature review demonstrates that IgG N-glycans can discriminate between healthy controls, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancer with high sensitivity. The literature also indicates that the IgG glycosylation patterns vary across disease state, thereby supporting their role as specific biomarkers. In addition, IgG N-glycans can be collected longitudinally from patients to track treatment responses or predict disease reoccurrence. This review focuses on IgG N-glycan profiles applied as diagnostics, cohort discriminators, and prognostics. Recent successes, remaining challenges, and upcoming approaches are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Haslund-Gourley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Mary Ann Comunale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Sha J, Zhang R, Fan J, Gu Y, Pan Y, Han J, Xu X, Ren S, Gu J. The B-Cell-Specific Ablation of B4GALT1 Reduces Cancer Formation and Reverses the Changes in Serum IgG Glycans during the Induction of Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051333. [PMID: 35267641 PMCID: PMC8909634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As serum IgG glycosylation is associated with various cancers, our goal is to explore whether serum IgG galactosylation and its associated glycans could be used as tumor markers associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At the same time, we explore the effect of the B-cell-specific ablation of B4GALT1 on HCC and finally analyze whether the low incidence of female cancer was related to the findings from the above perspective. The results demonstrate that the tumor marker of serum IgG glycosylation is galactosylation and its associated glycans and that the B-cell-specific ablation of B4GALT1 reduces HCC formation by reducing serum IgG galactosylation levels and by modulating the associated glycans, meaning that the lower incidence of cancer in women may be related to minor changes in the B-cell B4GALT1 and unchanged serum IgG galactosylation levels. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and prevention of HCC and to determine why it has such a high incidence in males. Abstract Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation, especially galactosylation, has been found to be related to a variety of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether IgG glycan changes occur in the early stages of HCC formation remains unclear. We found that the galactosylation level increased and that the related individual glycans showed regular changes over the course of HCC induction. Then, the effect of the B-cell-specific ablation of β1,4galactosyltransferase 1 (CKO B4GALT1) and B4GALT1 defects on the IgG glycans that were modified during the model induction process and HCC formation is investigated in this study. CKO B4GALT1 reduces serum IgG galactosylation levels and reduces cancer formation. Furthermore, insignificant changes in the B-cell B4GALT1 and unchanged serum IgG galactosylation levels were found during cancer induction in female mice, which might contribute to the lower cancer incidence in female mice than in male mice. The gender differences observed during glycan and B4GALT1 modification also add more evidence that the B4GALT1 in B cells and in serum IgG galactosylation may play an important role in HCC. Therefore, the findings of the present research can be used to determine the methods for the early detection of HCC as well as for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shifang Ren
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-021-54237701 (S.R.)
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-021-54237701 (S.R.)
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Liu P, Wang X, Liang J, Dong Q, Zhang J, Liu D, Wang S, Bi J, Liu W, Wang Z, Chen L, Liu L, Huang X, Zhang G. A Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Coupled Cas12a Mutant-Based Module for Efficient Detection of Streptomycin-Resistant Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:796916. [PMID: 35069497 PMCID: PMC8770913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem and threat to global TB prevention and control. Streptomycin (STR) is the earliest and classical anti-TB drug, and it is the earliest drug that generated resistance to anti-TB treatment, which limits its use in treating TB and impedes TB control efforts. The rapid, economical, and highly sensitive detection of STR-resistant TB may help reduce disease transmission and morbimortality. CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a new-generation pathogen detection method that can detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms with high sensitivity and good specificity. In this study, a Cas12a RR detection system that can recognize more non-traditional protospacer-adjacent motif-targeting sequences was developed based on Cas12a combined with recombinase polymerase amplification technology. This system detects 0.1% of the target substance, and the entire detection process can be completed within 60 min. Its sensitivity and specificity for detecting clinical STR-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis were both 100%. Overall, the Cas12 RR detection system provides a novel alternative for the rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific detection of STR-resistant TB, which may contribute to the prompt treatment and prevention of disease transmission in STR-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Liang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoqin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Center for Tuberculosis Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang Z, Wu J, Liu P, Kang L, Xu X. Diagnostic Potential of Plasma IgG N-glycans in Discriminating Thyroid Cancer from Benign Thyroid Nodules and Healthy Controls. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658223. [PMID: 34476207 PMCID: PMC8406750 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and detect thyroid cancer in the early stage. The associations between serum IgG N-glycosylation and thyroid cancer risk have been revealed. We aimed to explore the potential of IgG N-glycan traits as biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods Plasma IgG N-glycome analysis was applied to a discovery cohort followed by independent validation. IgG N-glycan profiles were obtained using a robust quantitative strategy based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. IgG N-glycans were relatively quantified, and classification performance was evaluated based on directly detected and derived glycan traits. Results Four directly detected glycans were significantly changed in thyroid cancer patients compared to that in non-cancer controls. Derived glycan traits and a classification glycol-panel were generated based on the directly detected glycan traits. In the discovery cohort, derived trait BN (bisecting type neutral N-glycans) and the glyco-panel showed potential in distinguishing between thyroid cancer and non-cancer controls with AUCs of 0.920 and 0.917, respectively. The diagnostic potential was further validated. Derived trait BN and the glycol-panel displayed “accurate” performance (AUC>0.8) in discriminating thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules and healthy controls in the validation cohort. Meanwhile, derived trait BN and the glycol-panel also showed diagnostic potential in detecting early-stage thyroid cancer. Conclusions IgG N-glycome analysis revealed N-glycomic differences that allow classification of thyroid cancer from non-cancer controls. Our results suggested that derived trait BN and the classification glyco-panel rather than single N-glycans may serve as candidate biomarkers for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang XL, Qu H. The Role of Glycosylation in Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:219-237. [PMID: 34495538 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays an important role in infectious diseases. Many important interactions between pathogens and hosts involve their carbohydrate structures (glycans). Glycan interactions can mediate adhesion, recognition, invasion, and immune evasion of pathogens. To date, changes in many protein N/O-linked glycosylation have been identified as biomarkers for the development of infectious diseases and cancers. In this review, we will discuss the principal findings and the roles of glycosylation of both pathogens and host cells in the context of human important infectious diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of glycan-lectin interaction between pathogens and hosts may create a new paradigm for discovering novel glycan-based therapies that can lead to eradication or functional cure of pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haoran Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N. Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Changes in Aging and Other Inflammatory Conditions. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:303-340. [PMID: 34687015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple roles played by protein glycosylation, the fine regulation of biological interactions is one of the most important. The asparagine 297 (Asn297) of IgG heavy chains is decorated by a diantennary glycan bearing a number of galactose and sialic acid residues on the branches ranging from 0 to 2. In addition, the structure can present core-linked fucose and/or a bisecting GlcNAc. In many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as in metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic diseases, the IgG Asn297-linked glycan becomes less sialylated and less galactosylated, leading to increased expression of glycans terminating with GlcNAc. These conditions alter also the presence of core-fucose and bisecting GlcNAc. Importantly, similar glycomic alterations are observed in aging. The common condition, shared by the above-mentioned pathological conditions and aging, is a low-grade, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory state which, in the case of aging, is known as inflammaging. Glycomic alterations associated with inflammatory diseases often precede disease onset and follow remission. The aberrantly glycosylated IgG glycans associated with inflammation and aging can sustain inflammation through different mechanisms, fueling a vicious loop. These include complement activation, Fcγ receptor binding, binding to lectin receptors on antigen-presenting cells, and autoantibody reactivity. The complex molecular bases of the glycomic changes associated with inflammation and aging are still poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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