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Mou M, Hu Q, Li H, Long L, Li Z, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H, Zhu Y. Characterization of a Thermostable and Surfactant-Tolerant Chondroitinase B from a Marine Bacterium Microbulbifer sp. ALW1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5008. [PMID: 35563396 PMCID: PMC9103228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitinase plays an important role in structural and functional studies of chondroitin sulfate (CS). In this study, a new member of chondroitinase B of PL6 family, namely ChSase B6, was cloned from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 and subjected to enzymatic and structural characterization. The recombinant ChSase B6 showed optimum activity at 40 °C and pH 8.0, with enzyme kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax against chondroitin sulfate B (CSB) to be 7.85 µg/mL and 1.21 U/mg, respectively. ChSase B6 demonstrated thermostability under 60 °C for 2 h with about 50% residual activity and good pH stability under 4.0-10.0 for 1 h with above 60% residual activity. In addition, ChSase B6 displayed excellent stability against the surfactants including Tween-20, Tween-80, Trion X-100, and CTAB. The degradation products of ChSase B6-treated CSB exhibited improved antioxidant ability as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. Structural analysis and site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the conserved residues Lys248 and Arg269 were important for the activity of ChSase B6. Characterization, structure, and molecular dynamics simulation of ChSase B6 provided a guide for further tailoring for its industrial application for chondroitin sulfate bioresource development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Mou
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Qingsong Hu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Hebin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China;
| | - Liufei Long
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.M.); (Q.H.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.D.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
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Alonge KM, Herbert MJ, Yagi M, Cook DG, Banks WA, Logsdon AF. Changes in Brain Matrix Glycan Sulfation Associate With Reactive Gliosis and Motor Coordination in Mice With Head Trauma. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:745288. [PMID: 34776892 PMCID: PMC8581466 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.745288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that enmesh and regulate neurocircuits involved in motor and sensory function. Maladaptive changes to the composition and/or abundance of PNNs have been implicated in preclinical models of neuroinflammation and neurocircuit destabilization. The central nervous system (CNS) is limited in its capacity to repair and reorganize neural networks following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and little is known about mechanisms of ECM repair in the adult brain after TBI. In this study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a TBI via a controlled cortical impact (CCI) to the right motor and somatosensory cortices. At 7 days following CCI, histological analysis revealed a loss of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) positive PNN matrices in the ipsilateral cortex. PNNs are comprised of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS)-glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the composition of which are known to influence neuronal integrity and repair. Using an innovative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, we analyzed the relative abundance of six specific CS/DS-GAG isomers (Δ4S-, Δ6S-, Δ4S6S-, Δ2S6S-, Δ0S-CS, and Δ2S4S-DS) from fixed-brain sections after CCI injury. We report a significant shift in CS/DS-GAG sulfation patterns within the rostro-caudal extent of the injury site from mice exposed to CCI at 7 days, but not at 1 day, post-CCI. In the ipsilateral thalamus, the appearance of WFA+ puncta occurred in tandem with gliosis at 7 days post-CCI, but weakly colocalized with markers of gliosis. Thalamic WFA+ puncta showed moderate colocalization with neuronal ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a clinical biomarker for TBI injury. A shift in CS/DS-GAG sulfation was also present in the thalamus including an increase of 6S-CS, which is a specific isomer that associates with the presence of glial scarring. Upregulation of the 6S-CS-specific sulfotransferase (CHST3) gene expression was accompanied by reactive gliosis in both the ipsilateral cortex and thalamus. Moreover, changes in 6S-CS extracted from the thalamus positively correlated with deficits in motor coordination after CCI. Collectively, these data argue that CCI alters CS/DS-GAG sulfation in association with the spatiotemporal progression of neurorepair. Therapeutic interventions targeting restoration of CS/DS-GAG sulfation patterns may improve outcomes from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melanie J Herbert
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mayumi Yagi
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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3
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Spliid CB, Toledo AG, Sanderson P, Mao Y, Gatto F, Gustavsson T, Choudhary S, Saldanha AL, Vogelsang RP, Gögenur I, Theander TG, Leach FE, Amster IJ, Esko JD, Salanti A, Clausen TM. The specificity of the malarial VAR2CSA protein for chondroitin sulfate depends on 4-O-sulfation and ligand accessibility. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101391. [PMID: 34762909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental malaria infection is mediated by the binding of the malarial VAR2CSA protein to the placental glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate. Recombinant sub-fragments of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) have also been shown to bind specifically and with high affinity to cancer cells and tissues, suggesting the presence of a shared type of oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) in the placenta and in tumors. However, the exact structure of ofCS and what determines the selective tropism of VAR2CSA remains poorly understood. In this study, ofCS was purified by affinity chromatography using rVAR2 and subjected to detailed structural analysis. We found high levels of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfation (∼80-85%) in placenta- and tumor-derived ofCS. This level of 4-O-sulfation was also found in other tissues that do not support parasite sequestration, suggesting that VAR2CSA tropism is not exclusively determined by placenta- and tumor-specific sulfation. Here, we show that both placenta and tumors contain significantly more chondroitin sulfate moieties of higher molecular weight than other tissues. In line with this, CHPF and CHPF2, which encode proteins required for chondroitin polymerization, are significantly upregulated in most cancer types. CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of CHPF and CHPF2 in tumor cells reduced the average molecular weight of cell-surface chondroitin sulfate and resulted in a marked reduction of rVAR2 binding. Finally, utilizing a cell-based glycocalyx model, we showed that rVAR2 binding correlates with the length of the chondroitin sulfate chains in the cellular glycocalyx. These data demonstrate that the total amount and cellular accessibility of chondroitin sulfate chains impact rVAR2 binding and thus malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte B Spliid
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Yang Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, 510990 Guangzhou, China
| | - Francesco Gatto
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 42196 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana L Saldanha
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus P Vogelsang
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4600 Koege, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4600 Koege, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franklin E Leach
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Persson A, Nikpour M, Vorontsov E, Nilsson J, Larson G. Domain Mapping of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans Enables Structural Characterization of Proteoglycans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100074. [PMID: 33757834 PMCID: PMC8724862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all posttranslational modifications known, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) remain one of the most challenging to study, and despite the recent years of advancement in MS technologies and bioinformatics, detailed knowledge about the complete structures of GAGs as part of proteoglycans (PGs) is limited. To address this issue, we have developed a protocol to study PG-derived GAGs. Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate conjugates from the rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1832/13, known to produce primarily the PG chromogranin-A, were enriched by anion-exchange chromatography after pronase digestion. Following benzonase and hyaluronidase digestions, included in the sample preparation due to the apparent interference from oligonucleotides and hyaluronic acid in the analysis, the GAGs were orthogonally depolymerized and analyzed using nano-flow reversed-phase LC-MS/MS in negative mode. To facilitate the data interpretation, we applied an automated LC-MS peak detection and intensity measurement via the Proteome Discoverer software. This approach effectively provided a detailed structural description of the nonreducing end, internal, and linkage region domains of the CS/DS of chromogranin-A. The copolymeric CS/DS GAGs constituted primarily consecutive glucuronic-acid-containing disaccharide units, or CS motifs, of which the N-acetylgalactosamine residues were 4-O-sulfated, interspersed by single iduronic-acid-containing disaccharide units. Our data suggest a certain heterogeneity of the GAGs due to the identification of not only CS/DS GAGs but also of GAGs entirely of CS character. The presented protocol allows for the detailed characterization of PG-derived GAGs, which may greatly increase the knowledge about GAG structures in general and eventually lead to better understanding of how GAG structures are related to biological functions. Protocol developed to structurally characterize glycosaminoglycans of proteoglycans. Comprehensive characterization of cellular glycosaminoglycan structures. Relative quantification of nonreducing end, internal, and linkage region domains. Overall chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan structures of chromogranin-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mahnaz Nikpour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Egor Vorontsov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Västra Götaland Region, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Västra Götaland Region, Sweden.
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Yang S, Gigout S, Molinaro A, Naito-Matsui Y, Hilton S, Foscarin S, Nieuwenhuis B, Tan CL, Verhaagen J, Pizzorusso T, Saksida LM, Bussey TM, Kitagawa H, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW. Chondroitin 6-sulphate is required for neuroplasticity and memory in ageing. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5658-5668. [PMID: 34272488 PMCID: PMC8758471 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-containing structures on the neuronal surface that have been implicated in the control of neuroplasticity and memory. Age-related reduction of chondroitin 6-sulphates (C6S) leads to PNNs becoming more inhibitory. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) composition of the PNNs could restore neuroplasticity and alleviate memory deficits in aged mice. We first confirmed that aged mice (20-months) showed memory and plasticity deficits. They were able to retain or regain their cognitive ability when CSs were digested or PNNs were attenuated. We then explored the role of C6S in memory and neuroplasticity. Transgenic deletion of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (chst3) led to a reduction of permissive C6S, simulating aged brains. These animals showed very early memory loss at 11 weeks old. Importantly, restoring C6S levels in aged animals rescued the memory deficits and restored cortical long-term potentiation, suggesting a strategy to improve age-related memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Yang
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sylvain Gigout
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Angelo Molinaro
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yuko Naito-Matsui
- grid.411100.50000 0004 0371 6549Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sam Hilton
- grid.5335.00000000121885934John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simona Foscarin
- grid.5335.00000000121885934John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart Nieuwenhuis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.419918.c0000 0001 2171 8263Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chin Lik Tan
- grid.412106.00000 0004 0621 9599Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- grid.419918.c0000 0001 2171 8263Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Pisa, Italy ,grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa M. Saksida
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Timothy M. Bussey
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- grid.411100.50000 0004 0371 6549Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK ,grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James W. Fawcett
- grid.5335.00000000121885934John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
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