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Kawakita M, Iwasaki S, Moteki H, Nishio SY, Kosho T, Usami SI. Otological Features of Patients with Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Caused by Pathogenic Variants in CHST14 (mcEDS- CHST14). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1350. [PMID: 37510254 PMCID: PMC10379827 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) caused by pathogenic variants in CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14) is a subtype of EDS characterized by multisystem malformations and progressive fragility-related manifestations. A recent international collaborative study showed that 55% of mcEDS-CHST14 patients had hearing loss (HL), more commonly of the high-frequency type. Here, we report the first systemic investigation of the otological features of patients with this disorder based on the world's largest cohort at Shinshu University Hospital. Nine patients [18 ears; four male and five female patients; mean age, 18 years old (range, 10-28)] underwent comprehensive otological evaluation: audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) test, and tympanometry. The audiogram, available in all 18 ears, showed HL in eight patients (8/9, 89%) and in 14 ears (14/18, 78%): bilateral in six patients (6/9, 67%) and unilateral in two (2/9, 22%); mild in eight ears (8/18, 44%) and moderate in six (6/18, 33%); and high-frequency HL in five (5/18, 28%) and low-frequency HL in five (5/18, 28%). An air-bone gap was detected in one ear (1/18, 6%). DPOAE was available in 13 ears, with the presence of a response in five (5/13, 38%) and the absence in eight (8/13, 62%), including in three ears of normal hearing. Tympanometry results were available in 12 ears: Ad type in nine (9/12, 75%) and As type in one (1/12, 8.3%). Patients with mcEDS-CHST14 had a high prevalence of HL, typically sensorineural and bilateral, with mild to moderate severity, of high-frequency or low-frequency type, and sometimes with no DPOAE response. The pathophysiology underlying HL might be complex, presumably related to alterations of the tectorial membrane and/or the basilar membrane of Corti associated with disorganized collagen fibril networks. Regular and careful check-ups of hearing using multiple modalities are recommended for mcEDS-CHST14 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (S.I.); (H.M.); (S.-y.N.); (S.-i.U.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan
| | - Hideaki Moteki
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (S.I.); (H.M.); (S.-y.N.); (S.-i.U.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Nishio
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (S.I.); (H.M.); (S.-y.N.); (S.-i.U.)
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Usami
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (S.I.); (H.M.); (S.-y.N.); (S.-i.U.)
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Yue F, Era T, Yamaguchi T, Kosho T. Pathophysiological Investigation of Skeletal Deformities of Musculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030730. [PMID: 36981001 PMCID: PMC10048181 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos syndrome caused by mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 gene (mcEDS-CHST14) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by multiple congenital malformations and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations in the cutaneous, skeletal, cardiovascular, visceral, and ocular systems. Progressive skeletal deformities are among the most frequent and serious complications affecting the quality of life and activities of daily living in patients. After establishing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cultured skin fibroblasts of three patients with mcEDS-CHST14, we generated a patient iPSC-based human osteogenesis model and performed an in vitro assessment of the phenotype and pathophysiology of skeletal deformities. Patient-derived iPSCs presented with remarkable downregulation of osteogenic-specific gene expression, less alizarin red staining, and reduced calcium deposition compared with wild-type iPSCs at each stage of osteogenic differentiation, including osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. These findings indicated that osteogenesis was impaired in mcEDS-CHST14 iPSCs. Moreover, the decrease in decorin (DCN) expression and increase in collagen (COL12A1) expression in patient-derived iPSCs elucidated the contribution of CHST14 dysfunction to skeletal deformities in mcEDS-CHST14. In conclusion, this disease-in-a-dish model provides new insight into the pathophysiology of EDS and may have the potential for personalized gene or drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Yue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-263-37-2590 (F.Y.); +81-263-37-2618 (T.K.)
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-263-37-2590 (F.Y.); +81-263-37-2618 (T.K.)
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3
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Mizumoto S, Yamada S. Histories of Dermatan Sulfate Epimerase and Dermatan 4- O-Sulfotransferase from Discovery of Their Enzymes and Genes to Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:509. [PMID: 36833436 PMCID: PMC9957132 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatan sulfate (DS) and its proteoglycans are essential for the assembly of the extracellular matrix and cell signaling. Various transporters and biosynthetic enzymes for nucleotide sugars, glycosyltransferases, epimerase, and sulfotransferases, are involved in the biosynthesis of DS. Among these enzymes, dermatan sulfate epimerase (DSE) and dermatan 4-O-sulfotranserase (D4ST) are rate-limiting factors of DS biosynthesis. Pathogenic variants in human genes encoding DSE and D4ST cause the musculocontractural type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, characterized by tissue fragility, joint hypermobility, and skin hyperextensibility. DS-deficient mice exhibit perinatal lethality, myopathy-related phenotypes, thoracic kyphosis, vascular abnormalities, and skin fragility. These findings indicate that DS is essential for tissue development as well as homeostasis. This review focuses on the histories of DSE as well as D4ST, and their knockout mice as well as human congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Yoshizawa T, Kosho T. Mouse Models of Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:436. [PMID: 36833362 PMCID: PMC9957544 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (mcEDS) is a subtype of EDS caused by mutations in the gene for carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) (mcEDS-CHST14) or dermatan sulfate epimerase (DSE) (mcEDS-DSE). These mutations induce loss of enzymatic activity in D4ST1 or DSE and disrupt dermatan sulfate (DS) biosynthesis. The depletion of DS causes the symptoms of mcEDS, such as multiple congenital malformations (e.g., adducted thumbs, clubfeet, and craniofacial characteristics) and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations (e.g., recurrent dislocations, progressive talipes or spinal deformities, pneumothorax or pneumohemothorax, large subcutaneous hematomas, and/or diverticular perforation). Careful observations of patients and model animals are important to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and therapies for the disorder. Some independent groups have investigated Chst14 gene-deleted (Chst14-/-) and Dse-/- mice as models of mcEDS-CHST14 and mcEDS-DSE, respectively. These mouse models exhibit similar phenotypes to patients with mcEDS, such as suppressed growth and skin fragility with deformation of the collagen fibrils. Mouse models of mcEDS-CHST14 also show thoracic kyphosis, hypotonia, and myopathy, which are typical complications of mcEDS. These findings suggest that the mouse models can be useful for research uncovering the pathophysiology of mcEDS and developing etiology-based therapy. In this review, we organize and compare the data of patients and model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Hashimoto A, Hirose T, Hashimoto K, Mizumoto S, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Saka S, Yoshizawa T, Okada T, Yamada S, Kosho T, Watanabe T, Miyata S, Nomura Y. Collagen Network Formation in In Vitro Models of Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020308. [PMID: 36833235 PMCID: PMC9957042 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) cause musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14), characterized by multiple congenital malformations and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations in the cutaneous, skeletal, cardiovascular, visceral and ocular system. The replacement of dermatan sulfate chains on decorin proteoglycan with chondroitin sulfate chains is proposed to lead to the disorganization of collagen networks in the skin. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of mcEDS-CHST14 are not fully understood, partly due to the lack of in vitro models of this disease. In the present study, we established in vitro models of fibroblast-mediated collagen network formation that recapacitate mcEDS-CHST14 pathology. Electron microscopy analysis of mcEDS-CHST14-mimicking collagen gels revealed an impaired fibrillar organization that resulted in weaker mechanical strength of the gels. The addition of decorin isolated from patients with mcEDS-CHST14 and Chst14-/- mice disturbed the assembly of collagen fibrils in vitro compared to control decorin. Our study may provide useful in vitro models of mcEDS-CHST14 to elucidate the pathomechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shota Saka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Syx D, Delbaere S, Bui C, De Clercq A, Larson G, Mizumoto S, Kosho T, Fournel-Gigleux S, Malfait F. Alterations in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis associated with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1843-C1859. [PMID: 35993517 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00127.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist of a core protein substituted with one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains and execute versatile functions during many physiological and pathological processes. The biosynthesis of GAG chains is a complex process that depends on the concerted action of a variety of enzymes. Central to the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) GAG chains is the formation of a tetrasaccharide linker region followed by biosynthesis of HS or CS/DS-specific repeating disaccharide units, which then undergo modifications and epimerization. The importance of these biosynthetic enzymes is illustrated by several severe pleiotropic disorders that arise upon their deficiency. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) constitute a special group among these disorders. Although most EDS types are caused by defects in fibrillar types I, III, or V collagen, or their modifying enzymes, a few rare EDS types have recently been linked to defects in GAG biosynthesis. Spondylodysplastic EDS (spEDS) is caused by defective formation of the tetrasaccharide linker region, either due to β4GalT7 or β3GalT6 deficiency, whereas musculocontractural EDS (mcEDS) results from deficiency of D4ST1 or DS-epi1, impairing DS formation. This narrative review highlights the consequences of GAG deficiency in these specific EDS types, summarizes the associated phenotypic features and the molecular spectrum of reported pathogenic variants, and defines the current knowledge on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms based on studies in patient-derived material, in vitro analyses, and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Syx
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Delbaere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Ostend, Belgium
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Fransiska Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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The Specific Role of Dermatan Sulfate as an Instructive Glycosaminoglycan in Tissue Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137485. [PMID: 35806490 PMCID: PMC9267682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial roles of dermatan sulfate (DS) have been demonstrated in tissue development of the cutis, blood vessels, and bone through construction of the extracellular matrix and cell signaling. Although DS classically exerts physiological functions via interaction with collagens, growth factors, and heparin cofactor-II, new functions have been revealed through analyses of human genetic disorders as well as of knockout mice with loss of DS-synthesizing enzymes. Mutations in human genes encoding the epimerase and sulfotransferase responsible for the biosynthesis of DS chains cause connective tissue disorders including spondylodysplastic type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and tissue fragility. DS-deficient mice show perinatal lethality, skin fragility, vascular abnormalities, thoracic kyphosis, myopathy-related phenotypes, acceleration of nerve regeneration, and impairments in self-renewal and proliferation of neural stem cells. These findings suggest that DS is essential for tissue development in addition to the assembly of collagen fibrils in the skin, and that DS-deficient knockout mice can be utilized as models of human genetic disorders that involve impairment of DS biosynthesis. This review highlights a novel role of DS in tissue development studies from the past decade.
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Mizumoto S, Yamada S. An Overview of in vivo Functions of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Revealed by Their Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764781. [PMID: 34901009 PMCID: PMC8652114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans in their biosynthetic pathways. They are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases as well as sulfotransferases. Structural diversities of CS/DS and HS are essential for their various biological activities including cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with a variety of growth factors as well as cytokines. Studies using mice deficient in enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the CS/DS and HS chains of proteoglycans have demonstrated their essential functions. Chondroitin synthase 1-deficient mice are viable, but exhibit chondrodysplasia, progression of the bifurcation of digits, delayed endochondral ossification, and reduced bone density. DS-epimerase 1-deficient mice show thicker collagen fibrils in the dermis and hypodermis, and spina bifida. These observations suggest that CS/DS are essential for skeletal development as well as the assembly of collagen fibrils in the skin, and that their respective knockout mice can be utilized as models for human genetic disorders with mutations in chondroitin synthase 1 and DS-epimerase 1. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mice deficient in CS/DS biosyntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Mizumoto S, Inoue YU, Saka S, Posadas-Herrera G, Nakamura-Takahashi A, Takahashi Y, Hashimoto A, Konishi K, Miyata S, Masuda C, Matsumoto E, Maruoka Y, Yoshizawa T, Tanase T, Inoue T, Yamada S, Nomura Y, Takeda S, Watanabe A, Kosho T, Okada T. A new mouse model of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome generated using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic editing. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:273847. [PMID: 34850861 PMCID: PMC8713987 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (mcEDS) is caused by generalized depletion of dermatan sulfate (DS) due to biallelic pathogenic variants in CHST14 encoding dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (D4ST1) (mcEDS-CHST14). Here, we generated mouse models for mcEDS-CHST14 carrying homozygous mutations (1 bp deletion or 6 bp insertion/10 bp deletion) in Chst14 through CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to overcome perinatal lethality in conventional Chst14-deleted knockout mice. DS depletion was detected in the skeletal muscle of these genome-edited mutant mice, consistent with loss of D4ST1 activity. The mutant mice showed common pathophysiological features, regardless of the variant, including growth impairment and skin fragility. Notably, we identified myopathy-related phenotypes. Muscle histopathology showed variation in fiber size and spread of the muscle interstitium. Decorin localized diffusely in the spread endomysium and perimysium of skeletal muscle, unlike in wild-type mice. The mutant mice showed lower grip strength and decreased exercise capacity compared to wild type, and morphometric evaluation demonstrated thoracic kyphosis in mutant mice. The established CRISPR/Cas9-engineered Chst14 mutant mice could be a useful model to further our understanding of mcEDS pathophysiology and aid in the development of novel treatment strategies. Summary: CRISPR/Cas9 genome-engineered Chst14−/− mouse models of musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (mcEDS) display similar myopathic features (particularly those caused by the loss of D4ST1) to mcEDS patients and may facilitate further understanding of mcEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Saka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
| | - Guillermo Posadas-Herrera
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ayana Hashimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kohei Konishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chiaki Masuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Emi Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Maruoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tanase
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.,Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.,Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
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10
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Vroman R, Malfait AM, Miller RE, Malfait F, Syx D. Animal Models of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes: Phenotype, Pathogenesis, and Translational Potential. Front Genet 2021; 12:726474. [PMID: 34712265 PMCID: PMC8547655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.726474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of heritable connective tissues disorders mainly characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility and generalized tissue fragility. Currently, 14 EDS subtypes each with particular phenotypic features are recognized and are caused by genetic defects in 20 different genes. All of these genes are involved in the biosynthesis and/or fibrillogenesis of collagens at some level. Although great progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of different EDS subtypes, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes remain poorly understood, and consequentially, adequate treatment and management options for these conditions remain scarce. To date, several animal models, mainly mice and zebrafish, have been described with defects in 14 of the 20 hitherto known EDS-associated genes. These models have been instrumental in discerning the functions and roles of the corresponding proteins during development, maturation and repair and in portraying their roles during collagen biosynthesis and/or fibrillogenesis, for some even before their contribution to an EDS phenotype was elucidated. Additionally, extensive phenotypical characterization of these models has shown that they largely phenocopy their human counterparts, with recapitulation of several clinical hallmarks of the corresponding EDS subtype, including dermatological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and ocular features, as well as biomechanical and ultrastructural similarities in tissues. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of animal models manifesting phenotypes that mimic EDS with a focus on engineered mouse and zebrafish models, and their relevance in past and future EDS research. Additionally, we briefly discuss domestic animals with naturally occurring EDS phenotypes. Collectively, these animal models have only started to reveal glimpses into the pathophysiological aspects associated with EDS and will undoubtably continue to play critical roles in EDS research due to their tremendous potential for pinpointing (common) signaling pathways, unveiling possible therapeutic targets and providing opportunities for preclinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vroman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Posadas-Herrera G, Mizumoto S, Nakamura-Takahashi A, Inoue YU, Inoue T, Nomura Y, Takeda S, Yamada S, Kosho T, Okada T. Myopathy Associated With Dermatan Sulfate-Deficient Decorin and Myostatin in Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Mouse Model Investigation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695021. [PMID: 34708033 PMCID: PMC8542786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) encodes dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1, a critical enzyme for dermatan sulfate (DS) biosynthesis. Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (mcEDS) is associated with biallelic pathogenic variants of CHST14 and is characterized by malformations and manifestations related to progressive connective tissue fragility. We identified myopathy phenotypes in Chst14-deficient mice using an mcEDS model. Decorin is a proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain containing mainly DS, which are replaced with chondroitin sulfate (CS) in mcEDS patients with CHST14 deficiency. We studied the function of decorin in the skeletal muscle of Chst14-deficient mice because decorin is important for collagen-fibril assembly and has a myokine role in promoting muscle growth. Although decorin was present in the muscle perimysium of wild-type (Chst14+/+ ) mice, decorin was distributed in the muscle perimysium as well as in the endomysium of Chst14-/- mice. Chst14-/- mice had small muscle fibers within the spread interstitium; however, histopathological findings indicated milder myopathy in Chst14-/- mice. Myostatin, a negative regulator of protein synthesis in the muscle, was upregulated in Chst14-/- mice. In the muscle of Chst14-/- mice, decorin was downregulated compared to that in Chst14+/+ mice. Chst14-/- mice showed altered cytokine/chemokine balance and increased fibrosis, suggesting low myogenic activity in DS-deficient muscle. Therefore, DS deficiency in mcEDS causes pathological localization and functional abnormalities of decorin, which causes disturbances in skeletal muscle myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guillermo Posadas-Herrera
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko U. Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Shin’ichi Takeda
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Song Y, Lee JK, Lee JO, Kwon B, Seo EJ, Suh DC. Whole Exome Sequencing in Patients with Phenotypically Associated Familial Intracranial Aneurysm. Korean J Radiol 2021; 23:101-111. [PMID: 34668355 PMCID: PMC8743149 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2021.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Familial intracranial aneurysms (FIAs) are found in approximately 6%–20% of patients with intracranial aneurysms (IAs), suggesting that genetic predisposition likely plays a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify possible IA-associated variants using whole exome sequencing (WES) in selected Korean families with FIA. Materials and Methods Among the 26 families in our institutional database with two or more IA-affected first-degree relatives, three families that were genetically enriched (multiple, early onset, or common site involvement within the families) for IA were selected for WES. Filtering strategies, including a family-based approach and knowledge-based prioritization, were applied to derive possible IA-associated variants from the families. A chromosomal microarray was performed to detect relatively large chromosomal abnormalities. Results Thirteen individuals from the three families were sequenced, of whom seven had IAs. We noted three rare, potentially deleterious variants (PLOD3 c.1315G>A, NTM c.968C>T, and CHST14 c.58C>T), which are the most promising candidates among the 11 potential IA-associated variants considering gene-phenotype relationships, gene function, co-segregation, and variant pathogenicity. Microarray analysis did not reveal any significant copy number variants in the families. Conclusion Using WES, we found that rare, potentially deleterious variants in PLOD3, NTM, and CHST14 genes are likely responsible for the subsets of FIAs in a cohort of Korean families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsun Song
- Division of Neurointervention Clinic, Department of Radiology, Neurointervention Clinic, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Keuk Lee
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boseong Kwon
- Division of Neurointervention Clinic, Department of Radiology, Neurointervention Clinic, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eul-Ju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dae Chul Suh
- Division of Neurointervention Clinic, Department of Radiology, Neurointervention Clinic, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Wang ST, Neo BH, Betts RJ. Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1227-1246. [PMID: 34548803 PMCID: PMC8449875 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s328671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser extent heparin all being expressed in skin. Their ability to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix composition and quality demonstrates their critical role in regulating skin physiology. Similarly, the water-binding properties of GAGs and structural qualities, particularly for HA, are crucial for maintaining proper skin form and hydration. The biological importance of GAGs, as well as extensive evidence that their properties and functions are altered in both chronological and extrinsic skin aging, makes them highly promising targets to improve cosmetic skin quality. Within the present review, we examine the cutaneous biological activity of GAGs alongside the protein complexes they form called proteoglycans and summarize the age-related changes of these molecules in skin. We also examine current topical interventional approaches to modulate GAGs for improved skin quality such as direct exogenous administration of GAGs, with a particular interest in strategies targeted at potentiating GAG levels in skin through either attenuating GAG degradation or increasing GAG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Tein Wang
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, L'Oréal Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Hoe Neo
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, L'Oréal Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Mizumoto S, Yamada S. Congenital Disorders of Deficiency in Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:717535. [PMID: 34539746 PMCID: PMC8446454 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.717535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans, which are distributed at the cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans and GAGs have been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of physiological functions such as construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, cytokines, and growth factors. Not only connective tissue disorders including skeletal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, multiple exostoses, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but also heart and kidney defects, immune deficiencies, and neurological abnormalities have been shown to be caused by defects in GAGs as well as core proteins of proteoglycans. These findings indicate that GAGs and proteoglycans are essential for human development in major organs. The glycobiological aspects of congenital disorders caused by defects in GAG-biosynthetic enzymes including specific glysocyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases, in addition to core proteins of proteoglycans will be comprehensively discussed based on the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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