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Fujihira H, Sato K, Nishiuchi Y, Murase T, Matsuda Y, Yoshida Y, Kamei T, Suzuki T. ELISA-based highly sensitive assay system for the detection of endogenous NGLY1 activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149826. [PMID: 38581946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1, PNGase) is an enzyme that cleaves N-glycans from misfolded glycoproteins. In 2012, a human genetic disorder, NGLY1 deficiency, was first reported to be caused by mutations of the NGLY1 gene. Since then, there has been rapid progresses on NGLY1 biology, and gene therapy has been proposed as a promising therapeutic option for NGLY1 deficiency. While a plasma/urine biomarker has also been developed for this disease, detection of NGLY1 activity could be another viable option for early diagnosis of NGLY1 deficiency. Thus far, several in vitro and in cellulo NGLY1 assays have been reported, but those assay systems have several issues that must be addressed in order to develop an assay system compatible for routine clinical examination. Here, we show a facile, highly sensitive in vitro assay system that could be used to detect NGLY1 activity by utilizing its sequence editing function, i.e. conversion of glycosylated Asn into Asp, followed by a detection of newly generated epitope (HA)-tag by anti-HA antibody. Using this ELISA-based assay, we detected endogenous NGLY1 activity in as little as 2 μg of crude extract, which is the equivalent of 5 × 103 cells. Our system also detects NGLY1 activity from cells with compromised NGLY1 activity, such as iPS cells from patient samples. This assay system could be applied in future clinical examinations to achieve an early diagnosis of NGLY1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fujihira
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Division of Glycobiologics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yukiko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kamei
- Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan; NGLY1 Deficiency Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; NGLY1 Deficiency Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
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2
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Yuan S, Chen Y, Zou L, Lu X, Liu R, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Chen C, Cheng D, Chen L, Sun G. Functional prediction of the potential NGLY1 mutations associated with rare disease CDG. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28787. [PMID: 38628705 PMCID: PMC11016977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases are currently diagnosed by functional mutations. However, only some mutations are associated with disease. It is necessary to establish a quick prediction model for clinical screening. Pathogenic mutations in NGLY1 cause a rare autosomal recessive disease known as congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG). Although NGLY1-CDDG can be diagnosed through gene sequencing, clinical relevance of a detected mutation in NGLY1 needs to be further confirmed. In this study, taken NGLY1-CDDG as an example, a comprehensive and practical predictive model for pathogenic mutations on NGLY1 through an NGLY1/Glycopeptide complex model was constructed, the binding sites of NGLY1 and glycopeptides were simulated, and an in vitro enzymatic assay system was established to facilitate quick clinical decisions for NGLY1-CDDG patients. The docking model covers 42 % of reported NGLY1-CDDG missense mutations (5/12). All reported mutations were subjected to in vitro enzymatic assay in which 18 mutations were dysfunctional (18/30). In addition, a full spectrum of functional R328 mutations was assayed and 11 mutations were dysfunctional (11/19). In this study, a model of NGLY1 and glycopeptides was built for potential functional mutations in NGLY1. In addition, the effect of potential regulatory compounds, including N-acetyl-l-cysteine and dithiothreitol, on NGLY1 was examined. The established in vitro assay may serve as a standard protocol to facilitate rapid diagnosis of all mutations in NGLY1-CDDG. This method could also be applied as a comprehensive and practical predictive model for the other rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Yuan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanwen Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinrong Lu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoxing Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Department of Research and Development, SysDiagno Biotech, Nanjing, 211800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guiqin Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
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Hirayama H, Tachida Y, Fujinawa R, Matsuda Y, Murase T, Nishiuchi Y, Suzuki T. Development of a fluorescence and quencher-based FRET assay for detection of endogenous peptide:N-glycanase/NGLY1 activity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107121. [PMID: 38417795 PMCID: PMC11065741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase/NGLY1 in mammals) catalyzes deglycosylation of N-glycans on glycoproteins. A genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NGLY1 gene leads to NGLY1 deficiency with symptoms including motor deficits and neurological problems. Effective therapies have not been established, though, a recent study used the administration of an adeno-associated viral vector expressing human NGLY1 to dramatically rescue motor functions in young Ngly1-/- rats. Thus, early therapeutic intervention may improve symptoms arising from central nervous system dysfunction, and assay methods for measuring NGLY1 activity in biological samples are critical for early diagnostics. In this study, we established an assay system for plate-based detection of endogenous NGLY1 activity using a FRET-based probe. Using this method, we revealed significant changes in NGLY1 activity in rat brains during aging. This novel assay offers reliable disease diagnostics and provides valuable insights into the regulation of PNGase/NGLY1 activity in diverse organisms under different stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Riken, Wako Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tachida
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Riken, Wako Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reiko Fujinawa
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Riken, Wako Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Riken, Wako Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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4
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Suzuki T, Fujihira H. NGLY1: A fascinating, multifunctional molecule. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130379. [PMID: 37951368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
NGLY1, a cytoplasmic de-N-glycosylating enzyme is well conserved among eukaryotes. This enzyme has attracted considerable attention after mutations on the NGLY1 gene were found to cause a rare genetic disorder called NGLY1 deficiency. Recent explosive progress in NGLY1 research has revealed multi-functional aspects of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Fujihira
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
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Tachida Y, Hirayama H, Suzuki T. Amino acid editing of NFE2L1 by PNGase causes abnormal mobility on SDS-PAGE. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130494. [PMID: 37865174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
NFE2L1 (also known as NRF1) is a member of the nuclear erythroid 2-like family of transcription factors and is critical for counteracting various types of cellular stress such as oxidative, proteotoxic or metabolic stress. This unique transcription factor is also known to undergo changes, including post-translational modifications, limited proteolysis or translocation into the nucleus, before it exerts full transcriptional activity. As a result, there are various molecular forms with distinct sizes for this protein, while the precise nature of each form remains elusive. In this study, the N-glycosylated status of NFE2L1 in cells was examined. The findings revealed that when NFE2L1 was deglycosylated by PNGase F, the size-shift on SDS-PAGE was minimal. This was in contrast to deglycosylation by Endo H, which resulted in a clear size-shift, even though N-linked GlcNAc residues remained on the protein. It was found that this unusual behavior of PNGase-deglycosylated NFE2L1 was dependent on the conversion of the glycosylated-Asn to Asp, resulting in the introduction of more negative charges into the core peptide of NFE2L1. We also demonstrate that NGLY1-mediated deglycosylation and DDI2-mediated proteolytic processing of NFE2L1 are not strictly ordered reactions. Our study will allow us to better understand the precise structures as well as biochemical properties of the various forms of NFE2L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Tachida
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan.
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6
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Badawi S, Mohamed FE, Varghese DS, Ali BR. Genetic disruption of mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation: Human phenotypes and animal and cellular disease models. Traffic 2023. [PMID: 37188482 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) is a stringent quality control mechanism through which misfolded, unassembled and some native proteins are targeted for degradation to maintain appropriate cellular and organelle homeostasis. Several in vitro and in vivo ERAD-related studies have provided mechanistic insights into ERAD pathway activation and its consequent events; however, a majority of these have investigated the effect of ERAD substrates and their consequent diseases affecting the degradation process. In this review, we present all reported human single-gene disorders caused by genetic variation in genes that encode ERAD components rather than their substrates. Additionally, after extensive literature survey, we present various genetically manipulated higher cellular and mammalian animal models that lack specific components involved in various stages of the ERAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda E Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Sugiura K, Kawai Y, Yamamoto A, Yoshioka H, Kiyohara Y, Iida A, Ozawa Y, Nishikawa M, Miura N, Hanamatsu H, Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y. Exposure to brefeldin A induces unusual expression of hybrid- and complex-type free N-glycans in HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130331. [PMID: 36804277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of brefeldin A (BFA) on the free N-glycomic profile of HepG2 cells to better understand the effect of blocking intracellular vesicle formation and transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. A series of exoglycosidase- and endoglycosidase-assisted analyses clarified the complex nature of altered glycomic profiles. A key feature of BFA-mediated alterations in Gn2-type glycans was the expression of unusual hybrid-, monoantennary- and complex-type free N-glycans (FNGs). BFA-mediated alterations in Gn1-type glycans were characterized by the expression of unusual hybrid- and monoantennary-FNGs, without significant expression of complex-type FNGs. A time course analysis revealed that sialylated hybrid- and complex-type Gn2-type FNGs were generated later than asialo-Gn2-type FNGs, and the expression profiles of Gn2-type FNGs and N-glycans were found to be similar, suggesting that the metabolic flux of FNGs is the same as that of protein-bound N-glycans. Subcellular glycomic analysis revealed that almost all FNGs were detected in the cytoplasmic extracts. Our data suggest that hybrid-, monoantennary- and complex-type Gn2-type FNGs were cleaved from glycoproteins in the cytosol by cytosolic PNGase, and subsequently digested by cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) to generate Gn1-type FNGs. The substrate specificity of ENGase explains the limited expression of complex Gn1 type FNGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sugiura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yuho Kawai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Yuika Kiyohara
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Iida
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yurika Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Mai Nishikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miura
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita21, Nishi11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita21, Nishi11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan.
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Budhraja R, Saraswat M, De Graef D, Ranatunga W, Ramarajan MG, Mousa J, Kozicz T, Pandey A, Morava E. N-glycoproteomics reveals distinct glycosylation alterations in NGLY1-deficient patient-derived dermal fibroblasts. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:76-91. [PMID: 36102038 PMCID: PMC10092224 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are genetic disorders that occur due to defects in protein and lipid glycosylation pathways. A deficiency of N-glycanase 1, encoded by the NGLY1 gene, results in a congenital disorder of deglycosylation. The NGLY1 enzyme is mainly involved in cleaving N-glycans from misfolded, retro-translocated glycoproteins in the cytosol from the endoplasmic reticulum before their proteasomal degradation or activation. Despite the essential role of NGLY1 in deglycosylation pathways, the exact consequences of NGLY1 deficiency on global cellular protein glycosylation have not yet been investigated. We undertook a multiplexed tandem mass tags-labeling-based quantitative glycoproteomics and proteomics analysis of fibroblasts from NGLY1-deficient individuals carrying different biallelic pathogenic variants in NGLY1. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis detected 8041 proteins and defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across affected individuals and controls. Proteins that showed significant differential expression included phospholipid phosphatase 3, stromal cell-derived factor 1, collagen alpha-1 (IV) chain, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1, and thrombospondin-1. We further detected a total of 3255 N-glycopeptides derived from 550 glycosylation sites of 407 glycoproteins by multiplexed N-glycoproteomics. Several extracellular matrix glycoproteins and adhesion molecules showed altered abundance of N-glycopeptides. Overall, we observed distinct alterations in specific glycoproteins, but our data revealed no global accumulation of glycopeptides in the patient-derived fibroblasts, despite the genetic defect in NGLY1. Our findings highlight new molecular and system-level insights for understanding NGLY1-CDDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diederik De Graef
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wasantha Ranatunga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madan G Ramarajan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jehan Mousa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Biophysics, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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Hirayama H, Suzuki T. Assay for the peptide:N-glycanase/NGLY1 and disease-specific biomarkers for diagnosing NGLY1 deficiency. J Biochem 2021; 171:169-176. [PMID: 34791337 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1 in mammals), a highly conserved enzyme in eukaryotes, catalyzes the deglycosylation of N-glycans that are attached to glycopeptide/glycoproteins. In 2012, an autosomal recessive disorder related to the NGLY1 gene, which was referred to as NGLY1 deficiency, was reported. Since then, more than 100 patients have been identified. Patients with this disease exhibit various symptoms, including various motor deficits and other neurological problems. Effective therapeutic treatments for this disease, however, have not been established. Most recently, it was demonstrated that the intracerebroventricular administration of an adeno-associated virus 9 vector expressing human NGLY1 during the weaning period allowed some motor functions to be recovered in Ngly1-/- rats. This observation led us to hypothesize that a therapeutic intervention for improving these motor deficits or other neurological symptoms found in the patients might be possible. To achieve this, it is critical to establish robust and facile methods for assaying NGLY1 activity in biological samples, for the early diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of NGLY1 deficiency. In this mini-review, we summarize progress made in the development of various assay methods for NGLY1 activity, as well as a recent progress in the identification of NGLY1 deficiency-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan
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