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Cunningham ME, McGonigal R, Barrie JA, Campbell CI, Yao D, Willison HJ. Axolemmal nanoruptures arising from paranodal membrane injury induce secondary axon degeneration in murine Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:17-31. [PMID: 36710500 PMCID: PMC10947354 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The major determinant of poor outcome in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is axonal degeneration. Pathways leading to primary axonal injury in the motor axonal variant are well established, whereas mechanisms of secondary axonal injury in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) are unknown. We recently developed an autoantibody-and complement-mediated model of murine AIDP, in which prominent injury to glial membranes at the node of Ranvier results in severe disruption to paranodal components. Acutely, axonal integrity was maintained, but over time secondary axonal degeneration occurred. Herein, we describe the differential mechanisms underlying acute glial membrane injury and secondary axonal injury in this model. Ex vivo nerve-muscle explants were injured for either acute or extended periods with an autoantibody-and complement-mediated injury to glial paranodal membranes. This model was used to test several possible mechanisms of axon degeneration including calpain activation, and to monitor live axonal calcium signalling. Glial calpains induced acute disruption of paranodal membrane proteins in the absence of discernible axonal injury. Over time, we observed progressive axonal degeneration which was markedly attenuated by axon-specific calpain inhibition. Injury was unaffected by all other tested methods of protection. Trans-axolemmal diffusion of fluorescent proteins and live calcium imaging studies indirectly demonstrated the presence of nanoruptures in the axon membrane. This study outlines one mechanism by which secondary axonal degeneration arises in the AIDP variant of GBS where acute paranodal loop injury is prominent. The data also support the development of calpain inhibitors to attenuate both primary and secondary axonal degeneration in GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Denggao Yao
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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2
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McGonigal R, Cunningham ME, Smyth D, Chou M, Barrie JA, Wilkie A, Campbell C, Saatman KE, Lunn M, Willison HJ. The endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin attenuates axon degeneration in murine Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:4-16. [PMID: 36335586 PMCID: PMC10947122 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Axon degeneration accounts for the poor clinical outcome in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), yet no treatments target this key pathogenic stage. Animal models demonstrate anti-ganglioside antibodies (AGAb) induce axolemmal complement pore formation through which calcium flux activates the intra-axonal calcium-dependent proteases, calpains. We previously showed protection of axonal components using soluble calpain inhibitors in ex vivo GBS mouse models, and herein, we assess the potential of axonally-restricted calpain inhibition as a neuroprotective therapy operating in vivo. Using transgenic mice that over-express the endogenous human calpain inhibitor calpastatin (hCAST) neuronally, we assessed distal motor nerve integrity in our established GBS models. We induced immune-mediated injury with monoclonal AGAb plus a source of human complement. The calpain substrates neurofilament and AnkyrinG, nerve structural proteins, were assessed by immunolabelling and in the case of neurofilament, by single-molecule arrays (Simoa). As the distal intramuscular portion of the phrenic nerve is prominently targeted in our in vivo model, respiratory function was assessed by whole-body plethysmography as the functional output in the acute and extended models. hCAST expression protects distal nerve structural integrity both ex and in vivo, as shown by attenuation of neurofilament breakdown by immunolabelling and Simoa. In an extended in vivo model, while mice still initially undergo respiratory distress owing to acute conduction failure, the recovery phase was accelerated by hCAST expression. Axonal calpain inhibition can protect the axonal integrity of the nerve in an in vivo GBS paradigm and hasten recovery. These studies reinforce the strong justification for developing further animal and human clinical studies using exogenous calpain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona McGonigal
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Duncan Smyth
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Chou
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Barrie
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wilkie
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare Campbell
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Michael Lunn
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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3
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Campbell CI, McGonigal R, Barrie JA, Delaere J, Bracke L, Cunningham ME, Yao D, Delahaye T, Van de Walle I, Willison HJ. Complement inhibition prevents glial nodal membrane injury in a GM1 antibody-mediated mouse model. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac306. [PMID: 36523267 PMCID: PMC9746686 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the complement pathway in Guillain-Barré syndrome pathogenesis has been demonstrated in both patient biosamples and animal models. One proposed mechanism is that anti-ganglioside antibodies mediate neural membrane injury through the activation of complement and the formation of membrane attack complex pores, thereby allowing the uncontrolled influx of ions, including calcium, intracellularly. Calcium influx activates the calcium-dependent protease calpain, leading to the cleavage of neural cytoskeletal and transmembrane proteins and contributing to subsequent functional failure. Complement inhibition has been demonstrated to provide effective protection from injury in anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated mouse models of axonal variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome; however, the role of complement in the pathogenesis of demyelinating variants has yet to be established. Thus, it is currently unknown whether complement inhibition would be an effective therapeutic for Guillain-Barré syndrome patients with injuries to the Schwann cell membrane. To address this, we recently developed a mouse model whereby the Schwann cell membrane was selectively targeted with an anti-GM1 antibody resulting in significant disruption to the axo-glial junction and cytoplasmic paranodal loops, presenting as conduction block. Herein, we utilize this Schwann cell nodal membrane injury model to determine the relevance of inhibiting complement activation. We addressed the early complement component C2 as the therapeutic target within the complement cascade by using the anti-C2 humanized monoclonal antibody, ARGX-117. This anti-C2 antibody blocks the formation of C3 convertase, specifically inhibiting the classical and lectin complement pathways and preventing the production of downstream harmful anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and membrane attack complexes. Here, we demonstrate that C2 inhibition significantly attenuates injury to paranodal proteins at the node of Ranvier and improves respiratory function in ex vivo and in vivo Schwann cell nodal membrane injury models. In parallel studies, C2 inhibition also protects axonal integrity in our well-established model of acute motor axonal neuropathy mediated by both mouse and human anti-GM1 antibodies. These data demonstrate that complement inhibition prevents injury in a Schwann cell nodal membrane injury model, which is representative of neuropathies associated with anti-GM1 antibodies, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy. This outcome suggests that both the motor axonal and demyelinating variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome should be included in future complement inhibition clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare I Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jennifer A Barrie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | | | | | - Madeleine E Cunningham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Denggao Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | | | | | - Hugh J Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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McGonigal R, Willison HJ. The role of gangliosides in the organisation of the node of Ranvier examined in glycosyltransferase transgenic mice. J Anat 2022; 241:1259-1271. [PMID: 34605014 PMCID: PMC9558150 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a family of sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids highly enriched in plasma membranes of the vertebrate nervous system. They are functionally diverse in modulating nervous system integrity, notably at the node of Ranvier, and also act as receptors for many ligands including toxins and autoantibodies. They are synthesised in a stepwise manner by groups of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases in a developmentally and tissue regulated manner. In this review, we summarise and discuss data derived from transgenic mice with different transferase deficiencies that have been used to determine the role of glycolipids in the organisation of the node of Ranvier. Understanding their role at this specialised functional site is crucial to determining differential pathophysiology following directed genetic or autoimmune injury to peripheral nerve nodal or paranodal domains, and revealing the downstream consequences of axo-glial disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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5
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McGonigal R, Campbell CI, Barrie JA, Yao D, Cunningham ME, Crawford CL, Rinaldi S, Rowan EG, Willison HJ. Schwann cell nodal membrane disruption triggers bystander axonal degeneration in a Guillain-Barré syndrome mouse model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158524. [PMID: 35671105 PMCID: PMC9282931 DOI: 10.1172/jci158524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), both axonal and demyelinating variants can be mediated by complement-fixing anti-GM1 ganglioside autoantibodies that target peripheral nerve axonal and Schwann cell (SC) membranes, respectively. Critically, the extent of axonal degeneration in both variants dictates long-term outcome. The differing pathomechanisms underlying direct axonal injury and the secondary bystander axonal degeneration following SC injury are unresolved. To investigate this, we generated glycosyltransferase-disrupted transgenic mice that express GM1 ganglioside either exclusively in neurons [GalNAcT-/--Tg(neuronal)] or glia [GalNAcT-/--Tg(glial)], thereby allowing anti-GM1 antibodies to solely target GM1 in either axonal or SC membranes, respectively. Myelinated-axon integrity in distal motor nerves was studied in transgenic mice exposed to anti-GM1 antibody and complement in ex vivo and in vivo injury paradigms. Axonal targeting induced catastrophic acute axonal disruption, as expected. When mice with GM1 in SC membranes were targeted, acute disruption of perisynaptic glia and SC membranes at nodes of Ranvier (NoRs) occurred. Following glial injury, axonal disruption at NoRs also developed subacutely, progressing to secondary axonal degeneration. These models differentiate the distinctly different axonopathic pathways under axonal and glial membrane targeting conditions, and provide insights into primary and secondary axonal injury, currently a major unsolved area in GBS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Clare I. Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Barrie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Denggao Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine E. Cunningham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin L. Crawford
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rinaldi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hugh J. Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Pacheco I, Fernández de Mera IG, Feo Brito F, Gómez Torrijos E, Villar M, Contreras M, Lima-Barbero JF, Doncel-Pérez E, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Characterization of the anti-α-Gal antibody profile in association with Guillain-Barré syndrome, implications for tick-related allergic reactions. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101651. [PMID: 33465663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize the glycan Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), which resulted in the capacity to develop a protective response mediated by anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG antibodies against pathogens containing this modification on membrane proteins. As an evolutionary trade-off, humans can develop the alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS), a recently diagnosed disease mainly associated with allergic reactions to mammalian meat consumption. The etiology of the AGS is the exposure to tick bites and the IgE antibody response against α-Gal-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-α-Gal antibody response in association with the immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and compare it with different factors known to modulate the antibody response to α-Gal such as exposure to tick bites and development of allergic reactions in response to tick bites. The results showed a significant decrease in the IgM/IgG response to α-Gal in GBS patients when compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, the IgM/IgG levels to α-Gal did not change in patients with allergic reactions to tick bites. The IgE response was not affected in GBS patients, but as expected, the IgE levels significantly increased in individuals exposed to tick bites and patients with tick-associated allergies. These results suggest that the immune pathways of anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG and IgE production are independent. Further studies should consider the susceptibility to allergic reactions to tick bites in GBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel G Fernández de Mera
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Feo Brito
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Calle Obispo Rafael Torija s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisa Gómez Torrijos
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Calle Obispo Rafael Torija s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Lima-Barbero
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Química Neuro-Regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Roggenbuck D, Delmont E, Reinhold D, Schierack P, Conrad K, Boucraut J. Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathies and Contribution of Antiganglioside/Sulphatide Autoantibody Testing. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2020; 31:10-18. [PMID: 32411930 PMCID: PMC7219652 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral immune-mediated polyneuropathies (IMPN) are a diverse group of rare neurological illnesses characterized by nerve damage. Leading morphological features are mostly nerve fibre demyelination or combination of axonal damage and demyelination. There has been remarkable progress in the clinical and electrophysiological categorization of acute (fulminant, life-threatening) and chronic (progressive/remitting-relapsing) immune-mediated neuropathies recently. Besides electrophysiological and morphological makers, autoantibodies against glycolipids or paranodal/nodal molecules have been recommended as candidate markers for IMPN. The progress in testing for autoantibodies (autoAbs) to glycolipids such as gangliosides and sulfatide may have significant implications on the stratification of patients and their treatment response. Thus, this topic was reviewed in a presentation held during the 1st Panhellenic Congress of Autoimmune Diseases, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology in Portaria, Pelion, Greece. For acute IMPN, often referred to as Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variants, several serological markers including autoAbs to gangliosides and sulphatide have been employed successfully in clinical routine. However, the evolution of serological diagnosis of chronic variants, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or multifocal motor neuropathy, is less satisfactory. Serological diagnostic markers could, therefore, help in the differential diagnosis due to their assumed pathogenic role. Additionally, stratification of patients to improve their response to treatment may be possible. In general, a majority of patients respond well to causal therapy that includes intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis. As second line therapy options, biologicals (e.g., rituximab) and immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drugs may be considered when patients do not respond adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille France
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Boucraut
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Medicine Faculty, Marseille, France.,Immunology laboratory, Conception Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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de la Fuente J, Pacheco I, Contreras M, Mateos-Hernández L, Villar M, Cabezas-Cruz A. Guillain-Barré and Alpha-gal Syndromes: Saccharides-induced Immune Responses. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2019; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Anti-ganglioside antibodies are principally associated with autoimmune peripheral neuropathies. In these disorders, immune attack is inadvertently directed at peripheral nerve by autoantibodies that target glycan structures borne by glycolipids, particularly gangliosides concentrated in nerve myelin and axons. The most thoroughly studied disorder is the acute paralytic disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in which IgG autoantibodies against gangliosides arise following acute infections, notably Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Additionally, chronic autoimmune neuropathies are associated with IgM antibodies directed against many glycolipids including gangliosides. This introductory chapter briefly summarizes the immunological and pathological features of these disorders, focusing on the methodological development of antibody measurement and of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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10
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Petrelli A, Samain E, Pradeau S, Halila S, Fort S. Efficient Conjugation of Oligosaccharides to Polymer Particles through Furan/Maleimide Diels-Alder Reaction: Application to the Capture of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins. Chembiochem 2016; 18:206-212. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Petrelli
- Université Grenoble Alpes; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Eric Samain
- Université Grenoble Alpes; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Stéphanie Pradeau
- Université Grenoble Alpes; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Sami Halila
- Université Grenoble Alpes; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS; CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
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11
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Lardone RD, Yuki N, Irazoqui FJ, Nores GA. Individual Restriction Of Fine Specificity Variability In Anti-GM1 IgG Antibodies Associated With Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19901. [PMID: 26818965 PMCID: PMC4730213 DOI: 10.1038/srep19901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated titers of serum antibodies against GM1 ganglioside are associated with a variety of autoimmune neuropathies. Much evidence indicates these autoantibodies play a primary role in the disease processes, but the mechanism for their appearance is unclear. We studied the fine specificity of anti-GM1 antibodies of the IgG isotype present in sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), using thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining of GM1, asialo-GM1 (GA1), GD1b and GM1-derivatives with small modifications on the oligosaccharide moiety. We were able to distinguish populations of antibodies with different fine specificity. Remarkably, individual patients presented only one or two of them, and different patients had different populations. This restriction in the variability of antibody populations suggests that the appearance of the anti-GM1 antibodies is a random process involving restricted populations of lymphocytes. With the origin of disease-associated anti-GM1 antibodies as a context, this finding could provide explanation for the “host susceptibility factor” observed in GBS following enteritis with GM1 oligosaccharide-carrying strains of Campylobacter jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Lardone
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto" - CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto" - CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Nores
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr. Ranwel Caputto" - CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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12
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Galban-Horcajo F, Vlam L, Delmont E, Halstead SK, van den Berg L, van der Pol WL, Willison HJ. The Diagnostic Utility of Determining Anti-GM1: GalC Complex Antibodies in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy: A Validation Study. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:157-165. [PMID: 27858734 PMCID: PMC5271459 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is associated with IgM antibodies to GM1 ganglioside. The importance of the lipid milieu that might facilitate or inhibit antibody binding to GM1 in immunoassays is well recognised. Existing studies, using a range of different approaches, generally concur that anti-GM1 IgM antibody detection rates are improved by the addition of galactocerebroside (GalC) to the GM1 assay. Objective: The current study sought to formally evaluate the clinical utility of the GM1:GalC complex assay in the diagnosis of MMN. Methods: Anti-GM1 and -GM1:GalC antibodies were examined using ELISA and glycoarray (dot blot) in a fully blinded study design, consisting of 100 MMN patients, 100 ALS cases and 100 healthy controls. Results: The detection of anti-GM1 Abs using glycoarray was 67% sensitive and 85% specific. The addition of GalC to GM1, (1:1 weight to weight ratio), increased the sensitivity to 81% , whilst dropping specificity to 80% . Increasing the GalC content to a 1:5 ratio (or higher) further decreased specificity, and in doing so limited the usefulness of the GM1:GalC assay to the level of GM1 alone. The addition of GalC to the ELISA method also significantly increased sensitivity compared with GM1 alone, albeit with a significant decrease in specificity. Conclusions: This study indicates that the GM1:GalC assay is an advantageous assay adaptation for detecting anti-GM1 antibodies in MMN, using either glycoarray or ELISA, and warrants introduction into clinical diagnostic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Galban-Horcajo
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lotte Vlam
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan K Halstead
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leonard van den Berg
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - W-Ludo van der Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Cats EA, van der Pol WL, Tio-Gillen AP, Diekstra FP, van den Berg LH, Jacobs BC. Clonality of anti-GM1 IgM antibodies in multifocal motor neuropathy and the Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:502-4. [PMID: 25157033 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are immune-mediated motor neuropathies with antibodies against the ganglioside GM1. In GBS, these antibodies are induced by molecular mimicry, but in MMN their origin is elusive. METHODS We compared the light-chain use of anti-GM1 IgM antibodies in serum from 42 patients with MMN and 23 patients with GBS by ELISA. RESULTS Exclusive use of either κ or λ light chains was found in 38 (90%) patients with MMN and 9 (39%) with GBS (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anti-GM1 IgM antibodies in most patients with MMN are produced by only a single or very limited number of B-cell clones, whereas in most patients with GBS, anti-GM1 IgM antibodies are most likely polyclonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Cats
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W-Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne P Tio-Gillen
- Department of Neuroimmunology, The Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Diekstra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Neuroimmunology, The Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Berger M, Allen JA. Optimizing IgG therapy in chronic autoimmune neuropathies: a hypothesis driven approach. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:315-26. [PMID: 25418426 PMCID: PMC4357394 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used for the chronic autoimmune neuropathies chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy, but the doses and treatment intervals are usually chosen empirically due to a paucity of data from dose-response studies. Recent studies of the electrophysiology and immunology of these diseases suggest that antibody-induced reversible dysfunction of nodes of Ranvier may play a role in conduction block and disability which responds to immunotherapy more rapidly than would be expected for demyelination or axonal damage per se. Clinical reports suggest that in some cases, the effects of each dose of IVIG may be transient, wearing-off before the next dose is due. These observations lead us to hypothesize that that therapeutic IgG acts by competing with pathologic autoantibodies and that individual patients may require different IgG levels for optimal therapeutic effects. Frequent IVIG dosing and weekly subcutaneous IgG have been tried as ways of continuously maintaining high serum IgG levels, resulting in stabilization of neuromuscular function in small case series. Frequent grip strength and disability measurements, performed by the patient at home and reported electronically, can be used to assess the extent and duration of responses to IgG doses. Individualization of IgG treatment regimens may optimize efficacy, minimize disability, and identify nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Berger
- CSL Behring, LLC., 1040 First Avenue, King of PrussiaPennsylvania, USA 19406
| | - Jeffrey A Allen
- University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Northwestern UniversityChicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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The application of glycosphingolipid arrays to autoantibody detection in neuroimmunological disorders. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 18:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Uncini A, Yuki N. Electrophysiologic and immunopathologic correlates in Guillain–Barré syndrome subtypes. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:869-84. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises the cranial nerves, the spinal nerves with their roots and rami, dorsal root ganglia neurons, the peripheral nerves, and peripheral components of the autonomic nervous system. Cell-mediated or antibody-mediated immune attack on the PNS results in distinct clinical syndromes, which are classified based on the tempo of illness, PNS component(s) involved, and the culprit antigen(s) identified. Insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuropathy have been provided by ex vivo immunologic studies, biopsy materials, electrophysiologic studies, and experimental models. This review article summarizes earlier seminal observations and highlights the recent progress in our understanding of immunopathogenesis of autoimmune neuropathies based on data from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Soliven
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Betty Soliven, Room S225, Department of Neurology MC2030, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 or
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18
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19
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Pukin AV, Jacobs BC, Tio-Gillen AP, Gilbert M, Endtz HP, van Belkum A, Visser GM, Zuilhof H. Detection of antibodies in neuropathy patients by synthetic GM1 mimics. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1642-50. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Tetala KKR, Heikema AP, Pukin AV, Weijers CAGM, Tio-Gillen AP, Gilbert M, Endtz HP, van Belkum A, Zuilhof H, Visser GM, Jacobs BC, van Beek TA. Selective Depletion of Neuropathy-Related Antibodies from Human Serum by Monolithic Affinity Columns Containing Ganglioside Mimics. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3500-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101594s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K. R. Tetala
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid P. Heikema
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei V. Pukin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel A. G. M. Weijers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne P. Tio-Gillen
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Gilbert
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Hubert P. Endtz
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 's-Gravendijksewal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M. Visser
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C. Jacobs
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teris A. van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Walgaard C, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA. Emerging drugs for Guillain-Barré syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2011; 16:105-20. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2011.531699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Rinaldi S, Brennan KM, Goodyear CS, O'Leary C, Schiavo G, Crocker PR, Willison HJ. Analysis of lectin binding to glycolipid complexes using combinatorial glycoarrays. Glycobiology 2009; 19:789-96. [PMID: 19349623 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids are major components of the plasma membrane, interacting with themselves, other lipids, and proteins to form an array of heterogeneous domains with diverse biological properties. Considerable effort has been focused on identifying protein binding partners for glycolipids and the glycan specificity for these interactions, largely achieved through assessing interactions between proteins and homogenous, single species glycolipid preparations. This approach risks overlooking both the enhancing and attenuating roles of heterogeneous glycolipid complexes in modulating lectin binding. Here we report a simple method for assessing lectin-glycolipid interactions. An automatic thin-layer chromatography sampler is employed to create easily reproducible arrays of glycolipids and their heterodimeric complexes immobilized on a synthetic polyvinyl-difluoride membrane. This array can then be probed with much smaller quantities of reagents than would be required using existing techniques such as ELISA and thin-layer chromatography with immuno-overlay. Using this protocol, we have established that the binding of bacterial toxins, lectins, and antibodies can each be attenuated, enhanced, or unaffected in the presence of glycolipid complexes, as compared with individual, isolated glycolipids. These findings underpin the wide-ranging influence and importance of glycolipid-glycolipid cis interactions when the nature of protein-carbohydrate recognition events is being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rinaldi
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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23
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Greenshields KN, Halstead SK, Zitman FM, Rinaldi S, Brennan KM, O’Leary C, Chamberlain LH, Easton A, Roxburgh J, Pediani J, Furukawa K, Furukawa K, Goodyear CS, Plomp JJ, Willison HJ. The neuropathic potential of anti-GM1 autoantibodies is regulated by the local glycolipid environment in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:595-610. [PMID: 19221437 PMCID: PMC2648697 DOI: 10.1172/jci37338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-GM1 ganglioside autoantibodies are used as diagnostic markers for motor axonal peripheral neuropathies and are believed to be the primary mediators of such diseases. However, their ability to bind and exert pathogenic effects at neuronal membranes is highly inconsistent. Using human and mouse monoclonal anti-GM1 antibodies to probe the GM1-rich motor nerve terminal membrane in mice, we here show that the antigenic oligosaccharide of GM1 in the live plasma membrane is cryptic, hidden on surface domains that become buried for a proportion of anti-GM1 antibodies due to a masking effect of neighboring gangliosides. The cryptic GM1 binding domain was exposed by sialidase treatment that liberated sialic acid from masking gangliosides including GD1a or by disruption of the live membrane by freezing or fixation. This cryptic behavior was also recapitulated in solid-phase immunoassays. These data show that certain anti-GM1 antibodies exert potent complement activation-mediated neuropathogenic effects, including morphological damage at living terminal motor axons, leading to a block of synaptic transmission. This occurred only when GM1 was topologically available for antibody binding, but not when GM1 was cryptic. This revised understanding of the complexities in ganglioside membrane topology provides a mechanistic account for wide variations in the neuropathic potential of anti-GM1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay N. Greenshields
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susan K. Halstead
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Femke M.P. Zitman
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Simon Rinaldi
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kathryn M. Brennan
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Colin O’Leary
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Luke H. Chamberlain
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alistair Easton
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jennifer Roxburgh
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John Pediani
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jaap J. Plomp
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular Cell Biology — Group Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Santos O, Arnebrant T. Silica supported phospholipid layers doped with GM1: A comparison between different methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 329:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Ketelsen A, Eriksson H. Sensitive detection of hydrophobic antigens using a novel lipid-aggregate based ELISA. J Immunol Methods 2008; 339:195-204. [PMID: 18854191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against hydrophobic antigens are common in several autoimmune diseases. However, detection of such antibodies by standard immune-assays, such as ELISA, is problematic, in part because of the problems with coating hydrophobic molecules onto polystyrene multi-well plates. We describe a novel method of stably associating hydrophobic antigens to ELISA plates. By mixing the antigen with a hydrophobic molecule containing a hydrophilic anchor, we generate mixed lipid aggregates that can attach to ELISA plates, and are resistant to detergent wash. Using the ganglioside GM-1 and phosphatidylethanolamine conjugated to the hapten DNP (dinitrophenyl) as model antigens, we show that hydrophobic antigens incorporated into mixed lipid aggregates expose their antigenic determinants in a correct configuration. The detection limit of both GM-1 and DNP-PE was considerably improved compared to when these antigens were coated on ELISA plates using organic solvents. Furthermore GM-1 incorporated into mixed lipid aggregates can be detected by specific antibodies in patient serum. The method of incorporating hydrophobic antigens into mixed lipid aggregates for stable association to ELISA plates can presumably be applied to a vast array of hydrophobic antigens, and may well be developed into a large scale screening system for serum reactivity towards different hydrophobic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ketelsen
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden
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26
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:355-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Willison HJ, Plomp JJ. Anti-ganglioside antibodies and the presynaptic motor nerve terminal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1132:114-23. [PMID: 18567860 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1405.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Guillain Barré syndromes (GBS) are the world's leading cause of acute autoimmune neuromuscular paralysis. Understanding the pathophysiological events of GBS, and improving immunotherapies are fundamental to improving the clinical outcome. Recent research into GBS and the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) variant has focused on the forms mediated by anti-ganglioside antibodies in which correlations have been established between anti-ganglioside antibodies and specific clinical phenotypes, notably between anti-GM1/GD1a antibodies and the acute motor axonal variant and anti-GQ1b/GT1a antibodies and MFS. Anti-ganglioside antibodies can arise through molecular mimicry with GBS-associated Campylobacter jejuni oligosaccharides. Our work has focused on axonal and glial components of the motor nerve terminal as a model site of injury, and through combined active and passive immunization paradigms in glycosyltransferase knockout mice we have developed murine neuropathy phenotypes mediated by anti-ganglioside antibodies. Several determinants influence disease expression including the level of immunological tolerance to microbial glycans that mimic self gangliosides, the degree of complement activation, and the ganglioside density in target tissue. Such studies provide us with clear information on an antibody-mediated pathogenesis model for GBS and should lead to rational therapeutic testing of agents that are potentially suitable for use in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Willison
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Glasgow , Scotland, UK.
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29
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Pukin AV, Weijers CA, van Lagen B, Wechselberger R, Sun B, Gilbert M, Karwaski MF, Florack DE, Jacobs BC, Tio-Gillen AP, van Belkum A, Endtz HP, Visser GM, Zuilhof H. GM3, GM2 and GM1 mimics designed for biosensing: chemoenzymatic synthesis, target affinities and 900MHz NMR analysis. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:636-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Immune responses directed towards gangliosides and their microbial mimics are important mediators of several subtypes of acute post-infectious autoimmune neuropathy, collectively referred to as the Guillain-Barré syndromes. In this diverse group of paralytic syndromes, the immunopathology is in a proportion of cases characterised by anti-ganglioside antibody deposits, accompanied by inflammatory destruction of both axonal and glial components within the PNS. By gaining an understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying these pathological pathways, it should be possible to select the correct targets for therapeutic intervention. Recent years has seen particular progress in our understanding of the basis for, and immunological consequences of molecular mimicry between gangliosides and microbial glycans, the relationships between ganglioside antibody specificity and different clinical phenotypes of GBS, the pathological basis for antibody-mediated nerve injury and the testing of intervention strategies in pre-clinical models. The focus of this mini-review is to provide a brief background to this field, summarise a selection of recent highlights focused on our own research, identify areas of outstanding knowledge and present data that supports novel therapeutic approaches based on the latest experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Willison
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
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31
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Nores GA, Lardone RD, Comín R, Alaniz ME, Moyano AL, Irazoqui FJ. Anti-GM1 antibodies as a model of the immune response to self-glycans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1780:538-45. [PMID: 18029096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are a class of molecules with high structural variability, frequently found in the plasma membrane facing the extracellular space. Because of these characteristics, glycans are often considered as recognition molecules involved in cell social functions, and as targets of pathogenic factors. Induction of anti-glycan antibodies is one of the early events in immunological defense against bacteria that colonize the body. Because of this natural infection, antibodies recognizing a variety of bacterial glycans are found in sera of adult humans and animals. The immune response to glycans is restricted by self-tolerance, and no antibodies to self-glycans should exist in normal subjects. However, antibodies recognizing structures closely related to self-glycans do exist, and can lead to production of harmful anti-self antibodies. Normal human sera contain low-affinity anti-GM1 IgM-antibodies. Similar antibodies with higher affinity or different isotype are found in some neuropathy patients. Two hypotheses have been developed to explain the origin of disease-associated anti-GM1 antibodies. According to the "molecular mimicry" hypothesis, similarity between GM1 and Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide carrying a GM1-like glycan is the cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with anti-GM1 IgG-antibodies. According to the "binding site drift" hypothesis, IgM-antibodies associated with disease originate through changes in the binding site of normally occurring anti-GM1 antibodies. We now present an "integrated" hypothesis, combining the "mimicry" and "drift" concepts, which satisfactorily explains most of the published data on anti-GM1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Nores
- Departamento de Química Biológica Dr. Ranwel Caputto, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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32
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Townson K, Greenshields KN, Veitch J, Nicholl D, Eckhardt M, Galanina O, Bovin N, Samain E, Antoine T, Bundle D, Zhang P, Ling CC, Willison HJ. Sulfatide binding properties of murine and human antiganglioside antibodies. Glycobiology 2007; 17:1156-66. [PMID: 17855742 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwm095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiganglioside antibodies form an important component of the innate and adaptive B cell repertoire, where they provide antimicrobial activity through binding encapsulated bacterial glycans. In an aberrant role, they target peripheral nerve gangliosides to induce autoimmune nerve injury. An important characteristic of antiganglioside antibodies is their ability to selectively recognize highly defined glycan structures. Since sialylated and sulfated glycans often share lectin recognition patterns, we here explored the possibility that certain antiganglioside antibodies might also bind 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosylceramide (sulfatide), an abundant constituent of plasma and peripheral nerve myelin, that could thereby influence any immunoregulatory or autoimmune properties. Out of 25 antiganglioside antibodies screened in solid phase assays, 20 also bound sulfatide (10(-5) to 10(-6) M range) in addition to their favored ganglioside glycan epitope ( approximately 10(-7) M range). Solution inhibition studies demonstrated competition between ganglioside and sulfatide, indicating close proximity or sharing of the antigen binding variable region domain. Sulfatide and 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactose were unique in having this property amongst a wide range of sulfated glycans screened, including 4- and 6-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactose analogues. Antiganglioside antibody binding to 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactose was highly dependent upon the spatial presentation of the ligand, being completely inhibited by conjugation to protein or polyacrylamide (PAA) matrices. Binding was also absent when sulfatide was incorporated into plasma membranes, including myelin, under conditions in which antibody binding to ganglioside was retained. These data demonstrate that sulfatide binding is a common property of antiganglioside antibodies that may provide functional insights into, and consequences for this component of the innate immune repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Townson
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland.
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