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Zhao M, Zhu Y, Wang H, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. An Overview of Sugar Nucleotide-Dependent Glycosyltransferases for Human Milk Oligosaccharide Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12390-12402. [PMID: 37552889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have received increasing attention because of their special effects on infant health and commercial value as the new generation of core components in infant formula. Currently, large-scale production of HMOs is generally based on microbial synthesis using metabolically engineered cell factories. Introduction of the specific glycosyltransferases is essential for the construction of HMO-producing engineered strains in which the HMO-producing glycosyltransferases are generally sugar nucleotide-dependent. Four types of glycosyltransferases have been used for typical glycosylation reactions to synthesize HMOs. Soluble expression, substrate specificity, and regioselectivity are common concerns of these glycosyltransferases in practical applications. Screening of specific glycosyltransferases is an important research topic to solve these problems. Molecular modification has also been performed to enhance the catalytic activity of various HMO-producing glycosyltransferases and to improve the substrate specificity and regioselectivity. In this article, various sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases for HMO synthesis were overviewed, common concerns of these glycosyltransferases were described, and the future perspectives of glycosyltransferase-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Bacterial sialyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades for sialo-oligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Mertsch A, He N, Yi D, Kickstein M, Fessner W. An α2,3-Sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum with Broad Substrate Scope: Controlling Hydrolytic Activity by Directed Evolution. Chemistry 2020; 26:11614-11624. [PMID: 32596832 PMCID: PMC7540698 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Defined sialoglycoconjugates are important molecular probes for studying the role of sialylated glycans in biological systems. We show that the α2,3-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 (2,3SiaTpph ) tolerates a very broad substrate scope for modifications in the sialic acid part, including bulky amide variation, C5/C9 substitution, and C5 stereoinversion. To reduce the enzyme's hydrolytic activity, which erodes the product yield, an extensive structure-guided mutagenesis study identified three variants that show up to five times higher catalytic efficiency for sialyltransfer, up to ten times lower efficiency for substrate hydrolysis, and drastically reduced product hydrolysis. Variant 2,3SiaTpph (A151D) displayed the best performance overall in the synthesis of the GM3 trisaccharide (α2,3-Neu5Ac-Lac) from lactose in a one-pot, two-enzyme cascade. Our study demonstrates that several complementary solutions can be found to suppress the common problem of undesired hydrolysis activity of microbial GT80 sialyltransferases. The new enzymes are powerful catalysts for the synthesis of a wide variety of complex natural and new-to-nature sialoconjugates for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mertsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Ning He
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Dong Yi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Michael Kickstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Wolf‐Dieter Fessner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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5
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Flack EKP, Chidwick HS, Guchhait G, Keenan T, Budhadev D, Huang K, Both P, Mas Pons J, Ledru H, Rui S, Stafford GP, Shaw JG, Galan MC, Flitsch S, Thomas GH, Fascione MA. Biocatalytic Transfer of Pseudaminic Acid (Pse5Ac7Ac) Using Promiscuous Sialyltransferases in a Chemoenzymatic Approach to Pse5Ac7Ac-Containing Glycosides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. P. Flack
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | | | - Goutam Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Darshita Budhadev
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Jordi Mas Pons
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Helene Ledru
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Shengtao Rui
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kindgom
| | - Graham P. Stafford
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kindgom
| | - Jonathan G. Shaw
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kindgom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Sabine Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Martin A. Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
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6
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Janesch B, Saxena H, Sim L, Wakarchuk WW. Comparison of α2,6-sialyltransferases for sialylation of therapeutic proteins. Glycobiology 2019; 29:735-747. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of numerous diseases is one of the fastest growing areas of biotechnology. Therapeutic efficacy and serum half-life are particularly important, and these properties rely heavily on the glycosylation state of the protein. Expression systems to produce authentically fully glycosylated therapeutic proteins with appropriate terminal sialic acids are not yet perfected. The in vitro modification of therapeutic proteins by recombinant sialyltransferases offers a promising and elegant strategy to overcome this problem. Thus, the detailed expression and characterization of sialyltransferases for completion of the glycan chains is of great interest to the community. We identified a novel α2,6-sialyltransferase from Helicobacter cetorum and compared it to the human ST6Gal1 and a Photobacterium sp. sialyltransferase using glycoprotein substrates in a 96-well microtiter-plate-based assay. We demonstrated that the recombinant α2,6-sialyltransferase from H. cetorum is an excellent catalyst for modification of N-linked glycans of different therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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7
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Schmölzer K, Eibinger M, Nidetzky B. Active-Site His85 of Pasteurella dagmatis Sialyltransferase Facilitates Productive Sialyl Transfer and So Prevents Futile Hydrolysis of CMP-Neu5Ac. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1544-1550. [PMID: 28474804 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sialyltransferases of the GT-80 glycosyltransferase family are considered multifunctional because of the array of activities detected. They exhibit glycosyl transfer, trans-sialylation, and hydrolysis activities. How these enzymes utilize their active-site residues in balancing the different enzymatic activities is not well understood. In this study of Pasteurella dagmatis α2,3sialyltransferase, we show that the conserved His85 controls efficiency and selectivity of the sialyl transfer. A His85→Asn variant was 200 times less efficient than wild-type for sialylation of lactose, and exhibited relaxed site selectivity to form not only the α2,3- but also the α2,6-sialylated product (21 %). The H85N variant was virtually inactive in trans-sialylation but showed almost the same CMP-Neu5Ac hydrolase activity as wild-type. The competition between sialyl transfer and hydrolysis in the conversion of CMP-Neu5Ac was dependent on the lactose concentration; this was characterized by a kinetic partition ratio of 85 m-1 for the H85N variant, compared to 17 000 m-1 for the wild-type enzyme. His85 promotes the productive sialyl transfer to lactose and so prevents hydrolysis of CMP-Neu5Ac in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmölzer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Eibinger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
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8
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Modulating the regioselectivity of a Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase for biocatalytic production of 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Kang JY, Lim SJ, Kwon O, Lee SG, Kim HH, Oh DB. Enhanced Bacterial α(2,6)-Sialyltransferase Reaction through an Inhibition of Its Inherent Sialidase Activity by Dephosphorylation of Cytidine-5'-Monophosphate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133739. [PMID: 26231036 PMCID: PMC4521712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial α(2,6)-sialyltransferases (STs) from Photobacterium damsela, Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224, and P. leiognathi JT-SHIZ-145 were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and their ST activities were compared directly using a galactosylated bi-antennary N-glycan as an acceptor substrate. In all ST reactions, there was an increase of sialylated glycans at shorter reaction times and later a decrease in prolonged reactions, which is related with the inherent sialidase activities of bacterial STs. These sialidase activities are greatly increased by free cytidine monophosphate (CMP) generated from a donor substrate CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) during the ST reactions. The decrease of sialylated glycans in prolonged ST reaction was prevented through an inhibition of sialidase activity by simple treatment of alkaline phosphatase (AP), which dephosphorylates CMP to cytidine. Through supplemental additions of AP and CMP-Neu5Ac to the reaction using the recombinant α(2,6)-ST from P. leiognathi JT-SHIZ-145 (P145-ST), the content of bi-sialylated N-glycan increased up to ~98% without any decrease in prolonged reactions. This optimized P145-ST reaction was applied successfully for α(2,6)-sialylation of asialofetuin, and this resulted in a large increase in the populations of multi-sialylated N-glycans compared with the reaction without addition of AP and CMP-Neu5Ac. These results suggest that the optimized reaction using the recombinant P145-ST readily expressed from E. coli has a promise for economic glycan synthesis and glyco-conjugate remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kang
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Jong Lim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ohsuk Kwon
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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10
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Yu CC, Withers SG. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Sialic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Watson DC, Wakarchuk WW, Leclerc S, Schur MJ, Schoenhofen IC, Young NM, Gilbert M. Sialyltransferases with enhanced legionaminic acid transferase activity for the preparation of analogs of sialoglycoconjugates. Glycobiology 2015; 25:767-73. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Huynh N, Li Y, Yu H, Huang S, Lau K, Chen X, Fisher AJ. Crystal structures of sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damselae. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4720-9. [PMID: 25451227 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialyltransferase structures fall into either GT-A or GT-B glycosyltransferase fold. Some sialyltransferases from the Photobacterium genus have been shown to contain an additional N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain. Photobacterium damselae α2-6-sialyltransferase has been used efficiently in enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of α2-6-linked sialosides. Here we report three crystal structures of this enzyme. Two structures with and without a donor substrate analog CMP-3F(a)Neu5Ac contain an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain and adopt the GT-B sialyltransferase fold. The binary structure reveals a non-productive pre-Michaelis complex, which are caused by crystal lattice contacts that prevent the large conformational changes. The third structure lacks the Ig-domain. Comparison of the three structures reveals small inherent flexibility between the two Rossmann-like domains of the GT-B fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Huynh
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shengshu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kam Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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13
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Schmölzer K, Ribitsch D, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Kokot D, Lyskowski A, Zitzenbacher S, Schwab H, Nidetzky B. Characterization of a multifunctional α2,3-sialyltransferase from Pasteurella dagmatis. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1293-304. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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14
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Loss-of-function mutation in bi-functional marine bacterial sialyltransferase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1639-44. [PMID: 22972324 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An α2,3-sialyltransferase produced by Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 is a bi-functional enzyme showing both α2,3-sialyltransferase and α2,3-linkage specific sialidase activity. To date, the crystal structures of several sialyltransferases have been solved, but the roles of amino acid residues around the catalytic site have not been completely clarified. Hence we performed a mutational study using α2,3-sialyltransferase cloned from P. phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 as a model enzyme to study the role of the amino acid residues around the substrate-binding site. It was found that a mutation of the glutamic acid at position 342 in the sialyltransferase resulted in a loss of sialidase activity, although the mutant showed no decrease in sialyltransferase activity. Based on this result, it is strongly expected that the Glu342 of the enzyme is an important amino acid residue for sialidase activity.
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15
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Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:887-905. [PMID: 22526796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
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16
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Ding L, Yu H, Lau K, Li Y, Muthana S, Wang J, Chen X. Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialyl Tn-antigens and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8691-3. [PMID: 21725542 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12732b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An N-terminal and C-terminal truncated recombinant α2-6-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp. JH-ISH-224, Psp2,6ST(15-501)-His(6), was shown to be an efficient catalyst for one-pot three-enzyme synthesis of sialyl Tn (STn) antigens and derivatives containing natural and non-natural sialic acid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Sugiarto G, Lau K, Li Y, Khedri Z, Yu H, Le DT, Chen X. Decreasing the sialidase activity of multifunctional Pasteurella multocidaα2–3-sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) by site-directed mutagenesis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:3021-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Yamamoto T. Marine bacterial sialyltransferases. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2781-94. [PMID: 21139844 PMCID: PMC2996176 DOI: 10.3390/md8112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialyltransferases transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from the common donor substrate of these enzymes, cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), to acceptor substrates. The enzymatic reaction products including sialyl-glycoproteins, sialyl-glycolipids and sialyl-oligosaccharides are important molecules in various biological and physiological processes, such as cell-cell recognition, cancer metastasis, and virus infection. Thus, sialyltransferases are thought to be important enzymes in the field of glycobiology. To date, many sialyltransferases and the genes encoding them have been obtained from various sources including mammalian, bacterial and viral sources. During the course of our research, we have detected over 20 bacteria that produce sialyltransferases. Many of the bacteria we isolated from marine environments are classified in the genus Photobacterium or the closely related genus Vibrio. The paper reviews the sialyltransferases obtained mainly from marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
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Mine T, Miyazaki T, Kajiwara H, Tateda N, Ajisaka K, Yamamoto T. A recombinant α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase with an extremely broad acceptor substrate specificity from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 can transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid to inositols. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2485-90. [PMID: 20947069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We confirmed that a recombinant α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 recognizes inositols having a structure corresponding to the C-3 and C-4 of a galactopyranoside moiety, such as epi-, 1d-chiro, myo-, and muco-inositol, as acceptor substrates, and that the enzyme can transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) to them. After purifying the reaction products, the structures were confirmed by use of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. From these results, it was clearly shown that the α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 recognizes acceptor substrates through the cis-diol structure corresponding to the 3- and 4-position of the galactopyranoside moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Mine
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
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