1
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DeWinter MA, Wong DA, Fernandez R, Kightlinger W, Thames AH, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. Establishing a Cell-Free Glycoprotein Synthesis System for Enzymatic N-GlcNAcylation. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 38934647 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation plays a key role in the efficacy of many therapeutic proteins. One limitation to the bacterial glycoengineering of human N-linked glycans is the difficulty of installing a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), the reducing end sugar of many human-type glycans, onto asparagine in a single step (N-GlcNAcylation). Here, we develop an in vitro method for N-GlcNAcylating proteins using the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB from Campylobacter jejuni. We use cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) to test promiscuous PglB variants previously reported in the literature for the ability to produce N-GlcNAc and successfully determine that PglB with an N311V mutation (PglBN311V) exhibits increased GlcNAc transferase activity relative to the wild-type enzyme. We then improve the transfer efficiency by producing CFPS extracts enriched with PglBN311V and further optimize the reaction conditions, achieving a 98.6 ± 0.5% glycosylation efficiency. We anticipate this method will expand the glycoengineering toolbox for therapeutic research and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A DeWinter
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Derek A Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regina Fernandez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Weston Kightlinger
- Cell-free Protein Synthesis and Microbial Process Development, National Resilience Inc.,, Oakland, California 94606, United States
| | - Ariel Helms Thames
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Conjugation Mechanism for Pneumococcal Glycoconjugate Vaccines: Classic and Emerging Methods. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120774. [PMID: 36550980 PMCID: PMC9774679 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are generally prepared using native or sized polysaccharides coupled to a carrier protein through random linkages along the polysaccharide chain. These polysaccharides must be chemically modified before covalent linking to a carrier protein in order to obtain a more defined polysaccharide structure that leads to a more rational design and safer vaccines. There are classic and new methods for site-selective glycopolysaccharide conjugation, either chemical or enzymatic modification of the polysaccharide length or of specific amino acid residues of the protein carrier. Here, we discuss the state of the art and the advancement of conjugation of S. pneumoniae glycoconjugate vaccines based on pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides to improve existing vaccines.
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3
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Hadjineophytou C, Anonsen JH, Svingerud T, Mortimer TD, Grad YH, Scott NE, Koomey M. Sculpting the Bacterial O-Glycoproteome: Functional Analyses of Orthologous Oligosaccharyltransferases with Diverse Targeting Specificities. mBio 2022; 13:e0379721. [PMID: 35471082 PMCID: PMC9239064 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03797-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation systems are widely recognized in bacteria, including members of the genus Neisseria. In most bacterial species, the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary contexts underpinning target protein selection and the glycan repertoire remain poorly understood. Broad-spectrum O-linked protein glycosylation occurs in all human-associated species groups within the genus Neisseria, but knowledge of their individual glycoprotein repertoires is limited. Interestingly, PilE, the pilin subunit of the type IV pilus (Tfp) colonization factor, is glycosylated in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis but not in the deeply branching species N. elongata subsp. glycolytica. To examine this in more detail, we assessed PilE glycosylation status across the genus and found that PilEs of commensal clade species are not modified by the gonococcal PglO oligosaccharyltransferase. Experiments using PglO oligosaccharyltransferases from across the genus expressed in N. gonorrhoeae showed that although all were capable of broad-spectrum protein glycosylation, those from a deep-branching group of commensals were unable to support resident PilE glycosylation. Further glycoproteomic analyses of these strains using immunoblotting and mass spectrometry revealed other proteins differentially targeted by otherwise remarkably similar oligosaccharyltransferases. Finally, we generated pglO allelic chimeras that begin to localize PglO protein domains associated with unique substrate targeting activities. These findings reveal previously unappreciated differences within the protein glycosylation systems of highly related bacterial species. We propose that the natural diversity manifest in the neisserial protein substrates and oligosaccharyltransferases has significant potential to inform the structure-function relationships operating in these and related bacterial protein glycosylation systems. IMPORTANCE Although general protein glycosylation systems have been well recognized in prokaryotes, the processes governing their distribution, function, and evolution remain poorly understood. Here, we have begun to address these gaps in knowledge by comparative analyses of broad-spectrum O-linked protein glycosylation manifest in species within the genus Neisseria that strictly colonize humans. Using N. gonorrhoeae as a well-defined model organism in conjunction with comparative genomics, intraspecies gene complementation, and glycoprotein phenotyping, we discovered clear differences in both glycosylation susceptibilities and enzymatic targeting activities of otherwise largely conserved proteins. These findings reveal previously unappreciated differences within the protein glycosylation systems of highly related bacterial species. We propose that the natural diversity manifest within Neisseria species has significant potential to elucidate the structure-function relationships operating in these and related systems and to inform novel approaches to applied glycoengineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hadjineophytou
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina Svingerud
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tatum D. Mortimer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yonatan H. Grad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Koomey
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Kightlinger W, Warfel KF, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. Synthetic Glycobiology: Parts, Systems, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1534-1562. [PMID: 32526139 PMCID: PMC7372563 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to amino acid side chains, can endow proteins with a wide variety of properties of great interest to the engineering biology community. However, natural glycosylation systems are limited in the diversity of glycoproteins they can synthesize, the scale at which they can be harnessed for biotechnology, and the homogeneity of glycoprotein structures they can produce. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of synthetic glycobiology, the application of synthetic biology tools and design principles to better understand and engineer glycosylation. Specifically, we focus on how the biosynthetic and analytical tools of synthetic biology have been used to redesign glycosylation systems to obtain defined glycosylation structures on proteins for diverse applications in medicine, materials, and diagnostics. We review the key biological parts available to synthetic biologists interested in engineering glycoproteins to solve compelling problems in glycoscience, describe recent efforts to construct synthetic glycoprotein synthesis systems, and outline exemplary applications as well as new opportunities in this emerging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Kightlinger
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Katherine F. Warfel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Department
of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert
Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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5
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Synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides by a compartmentalized multi-enzyme cascade for the in vitro N-glycosylation of peptides. J Biotechnol 2020; 322:54-65. [PMID: 32653637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of glycoproteins can be recombinantly expressed in aglycosylated forms in bacterial and cell-free production systems. To investigate the effect of glycosylation of these proteins on receptor binding, stability, efficacy as drugs, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, an efficient glycosylation platform is required. Here, we present a cell-free synthetic platform for the in vitro N-glycosylation of peptides mimicking the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycosylation machinery of eukaryotes. The one-pot, two compartment multi-enzyme cascade consisting of eight recombinant enzymes including the three Leloir glycosyltransferases, Alg1, Alg2 and Alg11, expressed in E. coli and S. cerevisiae, respectively, has been engineered to produce the core lipid-linked (LL) oligosaccharide mannopentaose-di-(N-acetylglucosamine) (LL-Man5). Pythanol (C20H42O), a readily available alcohol consisting of regular isoprenoid units, was utilized as the lipid anchor. As part of the cascade, GDP-mannose was de novo produced from the inexpensive substrates ADP, polyphosphate and mannose. To prevent enzyme inhibition, the nucleotide sugar cascade and the glycosyltransferase were segregated into two compartments by a cellulose ester membrane with 3.5 kDa cut-off allowing for the effective diffusion of GDP-mannose across compartments. Finally, as a proof-of-principle, pythanyl-linked Man5 and the single-subunit oligosaccharyltransferase Trypanosoma brucei STT3A expressed in Sf9 insect cells were used to in vitro N-glycosylate a synthetic peptide of ten amino acids bearing the eukaryotic consensus motif N-X-S/T.
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6
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Dow JM, Mauri M, Scott TA, Wren BW. Improving protein glycan coupling technology (PGCT) for glycoconjugate vaccine production. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:507-527. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1775077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mhairi Dow
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marta Mauri
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Brendan William Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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7
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Duma J, Nothaft H, Weaver D, Fodor C, Beadle B, Linton D, Benoit SL, Scott NE, Maier RJ, Szymanski CM. Influence of Protein Glycosylation on Campylobacter fetus Physiology. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1191. [PMID: 32625174 PMCID: PMC7313396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is commonly associated with venereal disease and abortions in cattle and sheep, and can also cause intestinal or systemic infections in humans that are immunocompromised, elderly, or exposed to infected livestock. It is also believed that C. fetus infection can result from the consumption or handling of contaminated food products, but C. fetus is rarely detected in food since isolation methods are not suited for its detection and the physiology of the organism makes culturing difficult. In the related species, Campylobacter jejuni, the ability to colonize the host has been linked to N-linked protein glycosylation with quantitative proteomics demonstrating that glycosylation is interconnected with cell physiology. Using label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics, we found more than 100 proteins significantly altered in expression in two C. fetus subsp. fetus protein glycosylation (pgl) mutants (pglX and pglJ) compared to the wild-type. Significant increases in the expression of the (NiFe)-hydrogenase HynABC, catalyzing H2-oxidation for energy harvesting, correlated with significantly increased levels of cellular nickel, improved growth in H2 and increased hydrogenase activity, suggesting that N-glycosylation in C. fetus is involved in regulating the HynABC hydrogenase and nickel homeostasis. To further elucidate the function of the C. fetus pgl pathway and its enzymes, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli followed by mutational and functional analyses revealed that PglX and PglY are novel glycosyltransferases involved in extending the C. fetus hexasaccharide beyond the conserved core, while PglJ and PglA have similar activities to their homologs in C. jejuni. In addition, the pgl mutants displayed decreased motility and ethidium bromide efflux and showed an increased sensitivity to antibiotics. This work not only provides insight into the unique protein N-glycosylation pathway of C. fetus, but also expands our knowledge on the influence of protein N-glycosylation on Campylobacter cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Duma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Harald Nothaft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danielle Weaver
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Fodor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bernadette Beadle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dennis Linton
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane L Benoit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Maier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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8
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Nothaft H, Szymanski CM. New discoveries in bacterial N-glycosylation to expand the synthetic biology toolbox. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Recent advances in the production of recombinant glycoconjugate vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:16. [PMID: 31069118 PMCID: PMC6494827 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines against bacteria are one of the success stories of modern medicine and have led to a significant reduction in the global occurrence of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia. Glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by covalently linking a bacterial polysaccharide (usually capsule, or more recently O-antigen), to a carrier protein. Given the success of glycoconjugate vaccines, it is surprising that to date only vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been fully licenced. This is set to change through the glycoengineering of recombinant vaccines in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, that act as mini factories for the production of an inexhaustible and renewable supply of pure vaccine product. The recombinant process, termed Protein Glycan Coupling Technology (PGCT) or bioconjugation, offers a low-cost option for the production of pure glycoconjugate vaccines, with the in-built flexibility of adding different glycan/protein combinations for custom made vaccines. Numerous vaccine candidates have now been made using PGCT, which include those improving existing licenced vaccines (e.g., pneumococcal), entirely new vaccines for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and (because of the low production costs) veterinary pathogens. Given the continued threat of antimicrobial resistance and the potential peril of bioterrorist agents, the production of new glycoconjugate vaccines against old and new bacterial foes is particularly timely. In this review, we will outline the component parts of bacterial PGCT, including recent advances, the advantages and limitations of the technology, and future applications and perspectives.
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10
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Jervis AJ, Wood AG, Cain JA, Butler JA, Frost H, Lord E, Langdon R, Cordwell SJ, Wren BW, Linton D. Functional analysis of the Helicobacter pullorum N-linked protein glycosylation system. Glycobiology 2018; 28:233-244. [PMID: 29340583 PMCID: PMC6025236 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation systems operate in species from all three domains of life. The model bacterial N-linked glycosylation system from Campylobacter jejuni is encoded by pgl genes present at a single chromosomal locus. This gene cluster includes the pglB oligosaccharyltransferase responsible for transfer of glycan from lipid carrier to protein. Although all genomes from species of the Campylobacter genus contain a pgl locus, among the related Helicobacter genus only three evolutionarily related species (H. pullorum, H. canadensis and H. winghamensis) potentially encode N-linked protein glycosylation systems. Helicobacter putative pgl genes are scattered in five chromosomal loci and include two putative oligosaccharyltransferase-encoding pglB genes per genome. We have previously demonstrated the in vitro N-linked glycosylation activity of H. pullorum resulting in transfer of a pentasaccharide to a peptide at asparagine within the sequon (D/E)XNXS/T. In this study, we identified the first H. pullorum N-linked glycoprotein, termed HgpA. Production of histidine-tagged HgpA in the background of insertional knockout mutants of H. pullorum pgl/wbp genes followed by analysis of HgpA glycan structures demonstrated the role of individual gene products in the PglB1-dependent N-linked protein glycosylation pathway. Glycopeptide purification by zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry identified six glycosites from five H. pullorum proteins, which was consistent with proteins reactive with a polyclonal antiserum generated against glycosylated HgpA. This study demonstrates functioning of a H. pullorum N-linked general protein glycosylation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Jervis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, SYNBIOCHEM, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alison G Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joel A Cain
- School of Molecular Bioscience and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, 2006Australia
| | - Jonathan A Butler
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Helen Frost
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Lord
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rebecca Langdon
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- School of Molecular Bioscience and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, 2006Australia
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Dennis Linton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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11
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Herbert JA, Kay EJ, Faustini SE, Richter A, Abouelhadid S, Cuccui J, Wren B, Mitchell TJ. Production and efficacy of a low-cost recombinant pneumococcal protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:3809-3819. [PMID: 29778517 PMCID: PMC5999350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia. Although this is a vaccine preventable disease, S. pneumoniae still causes over 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children under the age of five. The biggest disease burden is in the developing world, which is mainly due to unavailability of vaccines due to their high costs. Protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are given routinely in the developed world to children to induce a protective antibody response against S. pneumoniae. One of these vaccines is Prevnar13, which targets 13 of the 95 known capsular types. Current vaccine production requires growth of large amounts of the 13 serotypes, and isolation of the capsular polysaccharide that is then chemically coupled to a protein, such as the diphtheria toxoid CRM197, in a multistep expensive procedure. In this study, we design, purify and produce novel recombinant pneumococcal protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in Escherichia coli, which act as mini factories for the low-cost production of conjugate vaccines. Recombinant vaccine efficacy was tested in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia; ability to protect against invasive disease was compared to that of Prevnar13. This study provides the first proof of principle that protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines produced in E. coli can be used to prevent pneumococcal infection. Vaccines produced in this manner may provide a low-cost alternative to the current vaccine production methodology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Mice
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/economics
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/economics
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Conjugate/economics
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/economics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Herbert
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Emily J Kay
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sian E Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK; Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK; Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brendan Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK.
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12
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Yates LE, Mills DC, DeLisa MP. Bacterial Glycoengineering as a Biosynthetic Route to Customized Glycomolecules. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:167-200. [PMID: 30099598 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have garnered increased interest in recent years as a platform for the biosynthesis of a variety of glycomolecules such as soluble oligosaccharides, surface-exposed carbohydrates, and glycoproteins. The ability to engineer commonly used laboratory species such as Escherichia coli to efficiently synthesize non-native sugar structures by recombinant expression of enzymes from various carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways has allowed for the facile generation of important products such as conjugate vaccines, glycosylated outer membrane vesicles, and a variety of other research reagents for studying and understanding the role of glycans in living systems. This chapter highlights some of the key discoveries and technologies for equipping bacteria with the requisite biosynthetic machinery to generate such products. As the bacterial glyco-toolbox continues to grow, these technologies are expected to expand the range of glycomolecules produced recombinantly in bacterial systems, thereby opening up this platform to an even larger number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Yates
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dominic C Mills
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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13
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Barre Y, Nothaft H, Thomas C, Liu X, Li J, Ng KKS, Szymanski CM. A conserved DGGK motif is essential for the function of the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni. Glycobiology 2017; 27:978-989. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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15
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Increased glycosylation efficiency of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli by auto-induction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Abstract
The glycosylation systems of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) are considered archetypal examples of both N- and O-linked glycosylations in the field of bacterial glycosylation. The discovery and characterization of these systems both have revealed important biological insight into C. jejuni and have led to the refinement and enhancement of methodologies to characterize bacterial glycosylation. In general, mass spectrometry-based characterization has become the preferred methodology for the study of C. jejuni glycosylation because of its speed, sensitivity, and ability to enable both qualitative and quantitative assessments of glycosylation events. In these experiments the generation of insightful data requires the careful selection of experimental approaches and mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation. As such, it is essential to have a deep understanding of the technologies and approaches used for characterization of glycosylation events. Here we describe protocols for the initial characterization of C. jejuni glycoproteins using protein-/peptide-centric approaches and discuss considerations that can enhance the generation of insightful data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.
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17
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Sugar and Spice Make Bacteria Not Nice: Protein Glycosylation and Its Influence in Pathogenesis. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3206-3220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Mills DC, Jervis AJ, Abouelhadid S, Yates LE, Cuccui J, Linton D, Wren BW. Functional analysis of N-linking oligosaccharyl transferase enzymes encoded by deep-sea vent proteobacteria. Glycobiology 2015; 26:398-409. [PMID: 26610891 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial N-linking oligosaccharyl transferases (OTase enzymes) transfer lipid-linked glycans to selected proteins in the periplasm and were first described in the intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, a member of the ε-proteobacteria-subdivision of bacteria. More recently, orthologues from other ε-proteobacterial Campylobacter and Helicobacter species and a δ-proteobacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, have been described, suggesting that these two subdivisions of bacteria may be a source of further N-linked protein glycosylation systems. Whole-genome sequencing of both ε- and δ-proteobacteria from deep-sea vent habitats, a rich source of species from these subdivisions, revealed putative ORFs encoding OTase enzymes and associated adjacent glycosyltransferases similar to the C. jejuni N-linked glycosylation locus. We expressed putative OTase ORFs from the deep-sea vent species Nitratiruptor tergarcus, Sulfurovum lithotrophicum and Deferribacter desulfuricans in Escherichia coli and showed that they were able to functionally complement the C. jejuni OTase, CjPglB. The enzymes were shown to possess relaxed glycan specificity, transferring diverse glycan structures and demonstrated different glycosylation sequon specificities. Additionally, a permissive D. desulfuricans acceptor protein was identified, and we provide evidence that the N-linked glycan synthesized by N. tergarcus and S. lithotrophicum contains an acetylated sugar at the reducing end. This work demonstrates that deep-sea vent bacteria encode functional N-glycosylation machineries and are a potential source of biotechnologically important OTase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C Mills
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Adrian J Jervis
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Laura E Yates
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Dennis Linton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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19
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Ollis AA, Chai Y, Natarajan A, Perregaux E, Jaroentomeechai T, Guarino C, Smith J, Zhang S, DeLisa MP. Substitute sweeteners: diverse bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases with unique N-glycosylation site preferences. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15237. [PMID: 26482295 PMCID: PMC4894442 DOI: 10.1038/srep15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The central enzyme in the Campylobacter jejuni asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), PglB, which transfers preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. While C. jejuni PglB (CjPglB) can transfer many diverse glycan structures, the acceptor sites that it recognizes are restricted predominantly to those having a negatively charged residue in the -2 position relative to the asparagine. Here, we investigated the acceptor-site preferences for 23 homologs with natural sequence variation compared to CjPglB. Using an ectopic trans-complementation assay for CjPglB function in glycosylation-competent Escherichia coli, we demonstrated in vivo activity for 16 of the candidate OSTs. Interestingly, the OSTs from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter upsaliensis, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfovibrio gigas, and Desulfovibrio vulgaris, exhibited significantly relaxed specificity towards the -2 position compared to CjPglB. These enzymes glycosylated minimal N-X-T motifs in multiple targets and each followed unique, as yet unknown, rules governing acceptor-site preferences. One notable example is D. gigas PglB, which was the only bacterial OST to glycosylate the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G at its native 'QYNST' sequon. Overall, we find that a subset of bacterial OSTs follow their own rules for acceptor-site specificity, thereby expanding the glycoengineering toolbox with previously unavailable biocatalytic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Ollis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Yi Chai
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Aravind Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Emily Perregaux
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | | | - Cassandra Guarino
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jessica Smith
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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20
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Harding CM, Nasr MA, Kinsella RL, Scott NE, Foster LJ, Weber BS, Fiester SE, Actis LA, Tracy EN, Munson RS, Feldman MF. Acinetobacter strains carry two functional oligosaccharyltransferases, one devoted exclusively to type IV pilin, and the other one dedicated to O-glycosylation of multiple proteins. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:1023-41. [PMID: 25727908 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple species within the Acinetobacter genus are nosocomial opportunistic pathogens of increasing relevance worldwide. Among the virulence factors utilized by these bacteria are the type IV pili and a protein O-glycosylation system. Glycosylation is mediated by O-oligosaccharyltransferases (O-OTases), enzymes that transfer the glycan from a lipid carrier to target proteins. O-oligosaccharyltransferases are difficult to identify due to similarities with the WaaL ligases that catalyze the last step in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. A bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of two genes encoding putative O-OTases or WaaL ligases in most of the strains within the genus Acinetobacter. Employing A. nosocomialis M2 and A. baylyi ADP1 as model systems, we show that these genes encode two O-OTases, one devoted uniquely to type IV pilin, and the other one responsible for glycosylation of multiple proteins. With the exception of ADP1, the pilin-specific OTases in Acinetobacter resemble the TfpO/PilO O-OTase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In ADP1 instead, the two O-OTases are closely related to PglL, the general O-OTase first discovered in Neisseria. However, one of them is exclusively dedicated to the glycosylation of the pilin-like protein ComP. Our data reveal an intricate and remarkable evolutionary pathway for bacterial O-OTases and provide novel tools for glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Harding
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rachel L Kinsella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brent S Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Steve E Fiester
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Luis A Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Erin N Tracy
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert S Munson
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
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21
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Vozza NF, Feldman MF. Glyco-engineering O-Antigen-Based Vaccines and Diagnostics in E. coli. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1321:57-70. [PMID: 26082215 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2760-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biotechnological relevance of protein glycosylation has exponentially grown in recent years. With the advances in protein glycosylation research, new possibilities for glyco-engineering have arisen, and a wide array of glycans can be designed and potentially transferred to target proteins in the biotechnologically relevant host Escherichia coli. Here we provide insight on how to select the best strains and plasmids. We also describe methods for determination of glycan expression and assembly, protein glycosylation using western blot, and preparation of samples for mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F Vozza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Cuccui J, Wren B. Hijacking bacterial glycosylation for the production of glycoconjugates, from vaccines to humanised glycoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:338-50. [PMID: 25244672 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glycosylation or the modification of a cellular component with a carbohydrate moiety has been demonstrated in all three domains of life as a basic post-translational process important in a range of biological processes. This review will focus on the latest studies attempting to exploit bacterial N-linked protein glycosylation for glycobiotechnological applications including glycoconjugate vaccine and humanised glycoprotein production. The challenges that remain for these approaches to reach full biotechnological maturity will be discussed. KEY FINDINGS Oligosaccharyltransferase-dependent N-linked glycosylation can be exploited to make glycoconjugate vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Few technical limitations remain, but it is likely that the technologies developed will soon be considered a cost-effective and flexible alternative to current chemical-based methods of vaccine production. Some highlights from current glycoconjugate vaccines developed using this in-vivo production system include a vaccine against Shigella dysenteriae O1 that has passed phase 1 clinical trials, a vaccine against the tier 1 pathogen Francisella tularensis that has shown efficacy in mice and a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus serotypes 5 and 8. Generation of humanised glycoproteins within bacteria was considered impossible due to the distinct nature of glycan modification in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We describe the method used to overcome this conundrum to allow engineering of a eukaryotic pentasaccharide core sugar modification within Escherichia coli. This core was assembled by combining the function of the initiating transferase WecA, several Alg genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the oligosaccharyltransferase function of the Campylobacter jejuni PglB. Further exploitation of a cytoplasmic N-linked glycosylation system found in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae where the central enzyme is known as N-linking glycosyltransferase has overcome some of the limitations demonstrated by the oligosaccharyltransferase-dependent system. SUMMARY Characterisation of the first bacterial N-linked glycosylation system in the human enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni has led to substantial biotechnological applications. Alternative methods for glycoconjugate vaccine production have been developed using this N-linked system. Vaccines against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms have been developed, and efficacy testing has thus far demonstrated that the vaccines are safe and that robust immune responses are being detected. These are likely to complement and reduce the cost of current technologies thus opening new avenues for glycoconjugate vaccines. These new markets could potentially include glycoconjugate vaccines tailored specifically for animal vaccination, which has until today thought to be non-viable due to the cost of current in-vitro chemical conjugation methods. Utilisation of N-linked glycosylation to generate humanised glycoproteins is also close to becoming reality. This 'bottom up' assembly mechanism removes the heterogeneity seen in current humanised products. The majority of developments reported in this review exploit a single N-linked glycosylation system from Campylobacter jejuni; however, alternative N-linked glycosylation systems have been discovered which should help to overcome current technical limitations and perhaps more systems remain to be discovered. The likelihood is that further glycosylation systems exist and are waiting to be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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23
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Scott NE, Marzook NB, Cain JA, Solis N, Thaysen-Andersen M, Djordjevic SP, Packer NH, Larsen MR, Cordwell SJ. Comparative Proteomics and Glycoproteomics Reveal Increased N-Linked Glycosylation and Relaxed Sequon Specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5136-50. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5005554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- i3
Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Protein
Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Stuart J. Cordwell
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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24
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Jaffé SRP, Strutton B, Levarski Z, Pandhal J, Wright PC. Escherichia coli as a glycoprotein production host: recent developments and challenges. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 30:205-10. [PMID: 25156401 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary cells are the most popular host expression system for the large-scale production of human therapeutic glycoproteins, but, the race to engineer Escherichia coli to perform glycosylation is gathering pace. The successful functional transfer of an N-glycosylation pathway from Campylobacter jejuni to Escherichia coli in 2002 can be considered as the crucial first engineering step. Here, we discuss the recent advancements in the field of N-glycosylation of recombinant therapeutic proteins in E. coli cells, from the manipulation of glycan composition, to the improvement in glycosylation efficiency, along with the challenges that remain before E. coli can be available as an industry host cell for economically viable glycoprotein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R P Jaffé
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Benjamin Strutton
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Zdenko Levarski
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Phillip C Wright
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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25
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Ollis AA, Zhang S, Fisher AC, DeLisa MP. Engineered oligosaccharyltransferases with greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:816-22. [PMID: 25129029 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Ollis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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26
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Liu F, Vijayakrishnan B, Faridmoayer A, Taylor TA, Parsons TB, Bernardes GJL, Kowarik M, Davis BG. Rationally designed short polyisoprenol-linked PglB substrates for engineered polypeptide and protein N-glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:566-9. [PMID: 24377322 DOI: 10.1021/ja409409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The lipid carrier specificity of the protein N-glycosylation enzyme C. jejuni PglB was tested using a logical, synthetic array of natural and unnatural C10, C20, C30, and C40 polyisoprenol sugar pyrophosphates, including those bearing repeating cis-prenyl units. Unusual, short, synthetically accessible C20 prenols (nerylnerol 1d and geranylnerol 1e) were shown to be effective lipid carriers for PglB sugar substrates. Kinetic analyses for PglB revealed clear K(M)-only modulation with lipid chain length, thereby implicating successful in vitro application at appropriate concentrations. This was confirmed by optimized, efficient in vitro synthesis allowing >90% of Asn-linked β-N-GlcNAc-ylated peptide and proteins. This reveals a simple, flexible biocatalytic method for glycoconjugate synthesis using PglB N-glycosylation machinery and varied chemically synthesized glycosylation donor precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3TA United Kingdom
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27
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Baker JL, Çelik E, DeLisa MP. Expanding the glycoengineering toolbox: the rise of bacterial N-linked protein glycosylation. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:313-23. [PMID: 23582719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prevalent post-translational modification found on proteins, occurring in all domains of life. Ever since the discovery of asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation pathways in bacteria, major efforts have been made to harness these systems for the creation of novel therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics. Recent advances such as the ability to produce designer glycans in bacteria, some containing unnatural sugars, and techniques for evolving glycosylation enzymes have spawned an entirely new discipline known as bacterial glycoengineering. In addition to their biotechnological and therapeutic potential, bacteria equipped with recombinant N-linked glycosylation pathways are improving our understanding of the N-glycosylation process. This review discusses the key role played by microorganisms in glycosciences, particularly in the context of N-linked glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Baker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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28
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Merritt JH, Ollis AA, Fisher AC, DeLisa MP. Glycans-by-design: Engineering bacteria for the biosynthesis of complex glycans and glycoconjugates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1550-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Musumeci MA, Hug I, Scott NE, Ielmini MV, Foster LJ, Wang PG, Feldman MF. In vitro activity of Neisseria meningitidis PglL O-oligosaccharyltransferase with diverse synthetic lipid donors and a UDP-activated sugar. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10578-87. [PMID: 23460642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.432815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharyltransferases (OTases) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide from a lipid carrier to an acceptor molecule, commonly a protein. OTases are classified as N-OTases and O-OTases, depending on the nature of the glycosylation reaction. The N-OTases catalyze the glycan transfer to amide groups in asparagines in a reaction named N-linked glycosylation. The O-OTases are responsible for protein O-linked glycosylation, which involves the attachment of glycans to hydroxyl groups of serine or threonine residues. These enzymes exhibit a relaxed specificity and are able to transfer a variety of glycan structures to different protein acceptors. This property confers OTases with great biotechnological potential as these enzymes can produce glycoconjugates relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, OTases are thought to be involved in pathogenesis mechanisms. Several aspects of the functionality of OTases are not fully understood. In this work, we developed a novel approach to perform kinetic studies on PglL, the O-OTase from Neisseria meningitidis. We investigated the importance of the acyl moiety of the lipid glycan donor substrate on the functionality of PglL by testing the efficiency of glycosylation reactions using synthetic substrates carrying the same glycan structure but different acyl moieties. We found that PglL can function with many lipids as glycan donors, although the length and the conformation of the lipid moiety significantly influenced the catalytic efficiency. Interestingly, PglL was also able to transfer a monosaccharide employing its nucleotide-activated form, acting as a Leloir glycosyltransferase. These results provide new insights on the function and the evolution of oligosaccharyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A Musumeci
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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30
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Gerber S, Lizak C, Michaud G, Bucher M, Darbre T, Aebi M, Reymond JL, Locher KP. Mechanism of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase: in vitro quantification of sequon binding and catalysis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8849-61. [PMID: 23382388 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Linked glycosylation is an essential post-translational protein modification in the eukaryotic cell. The initial transfer of an oligosaccharide from a lipid carrier onto asparagine residues within a consensus sequon is catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). The first X-ray structure of a complete bacterial OST enzyme, Campylobacter lari PglB, was recently determined. To understand the mechanism of PglB, we have quantified sequon binding and glycosylation turnover in vitro using purified enzyme and fluorescently labeled, synthetic peptide substrates. Using fluorescence anisotropy, we determined a dissociation constant of 1.0 μm and a strict requirement for divalent metal ions for consensus (DQNAT) sequon binding. Using in-gel fluorescence detection, we quantified exceedingly low glycosylation rates that remained undetected using in vivo assays. We found that an alanine in the -2 sequon position, converting the bacterial sequon to a eukaryotic one, resulted in strongly lowered sequon binding, with in vitro turnover reduced 50,000-fold. A threonine is preferred over serine in the +2 sequon position, reflected by a 4-fold higher affinity and a 1.2-fold higher glycosylation rate. The interaction of the +2 sequon position with PglB is modulated by isoleucine 572. Our study demonstrates an intricate interplay of peptide and metal binding as the first step of protein N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nothaft H, Szymanski CM. Bacterial protein N-glycosylation: new perspectives and applications. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6912-20. [PMID: 23329827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.417857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is widespread throughout all three domains of life. Bacterial protein N-glycosylation and its application to engineering recombinant glycoproteins continue to be actively studied. Here, we focus on advances made in the last 2 years, including the characterization of novel bacterial N-glycosylation pathways, examination of pathway enzymes and evolution, biological roles of protein modification in the native host, and exploitation of the N-glycosylation pathways to create novel vaccines and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Nothaft
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Chauhan JS, Bhat AH, Raghava GPS, Rao A. GlycoPP: a webserver for prediction of N- and O-glycosites in prokaryotic protein sequences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40155. [PMID: 22808107 PMCID: PMC3392279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications (PTMs) required for various structure/function modulations of proteins in a living cell. Although elucidated recently in prokaryotes, this type of PTM is present across all three domains of life. In prokaryotes, two types of protein glycan linkages are more widespread namely, N- linked, where a glycan moiety is attached to the amide group of Asn, and O- linked, where a glycan moiety is attached to the hydroxyl group of Ser/Thr/Tyr. For their biologically ubiquitous nature, significance, and technology applications, the study of prokaryotic glycoproteins is a fast emerging area of research. Here we describe new Support Vector Machine (SVM) based algorithms (models) developed for predicting glycosylated-residues (glycosites) with high accuracy in prokaryotic protein sequences. The models are based on binary profile of patterns, composition profile of patterns, and position-specific scoring matrix profile of patterns as training features. The study employ an extensive dataset of 107 N-linked and 116 O-linked glycosites extracted from 59 experimentally characterized glycoproteins of prokaryotes. This dataset includes validated N-glycosites from phyla Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota (domain Archaea), Proteobacteria (domain Bacteria) and validated O-glycosites from phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (domain Bacteria). In view of the current understanding that glycosylation occurs on folded proteins in bacteria, hybrid models have been developed using information on predicted secondary structures and accessible surface area in various combinations with training features. Using these models, N-glycosites and O-glycosites could be predicted with an accuracy of 82.71% (MCC 0.65) and 73.71% (MCC 0.48), respectively. An evaluation of the best performing models with 28 independent prokaryotic glycoproteins confirms the suitability of these models in predicting N- and O-glycosites in potential glycoproteins from aforementioned organisms, with reasonably high confidence. A web server GlycoPP, implementing these models is available freely at http:/www.imtech.res.in/raghava/glycopp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat S. Chauhan
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Adil H. Bhat
- Protein Science and Engineering, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gajendra P. S. Raghava
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (GPSR)
| | - Alka Rao
- Protein Science and Engineering, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (GPSR)
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Terra VS, Mills DC, Yates LE, Abouelhadid S, Cuccui J, Wren BW. Recent developments in bacterial protein glycan coupling technology and glycoconjugate vaccine design. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:919-926. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.039438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. Terra
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Dominic C. Mills
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Laura E. Yates
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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An engineered eukaryotic protein glycosylation pathway in Escherichia coli. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:434-6. [PMID: 22446837 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We performed bottom-up engineering of a synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli for the production of eukaryotic trimannosyl chitobiose glycans and the transfer of these glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. The glycan biosynthesis was enabled by four eukaryotic glycosyltransferases, including the yeast uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine transferases Alg13 and Alg14 and the mannosyltransferases Alg1 and Alg2. By including the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase PglB from Campylobacter jejuni, we successfully transferred glycans to eukaryotic proteins.
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Gebhart C, Ielmini MV, Reiz B, Price NL, Aas FE, Koomey M, Feldman MF. Characterization of exogenous bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases in Escherichia coli reveals the potential for O-linked protein glycosylation in Vibrio cholerae and Burkholderia thailandensis. Glycobiology 2012; 22:962-74. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Characterization of the structurally diverse N-linked glycans of Campylobacter species. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:2355-62. [PMID: 22389484 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00042-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Campylobacter jejuni encodes an extensively characterized N-linked protein glycosylation system that modifies many surface proteins with a heptasaccharide glycan. In C. jejuni, the genes that encode the enzymes required for glycan biosynthesis and transfer to protein are located at a single pgl gene locus. Similar loci are also present in the genome sequences of all other Campylobacter species, although variations in gene content and organization are evident. In this study, we have demonstrated that only Campylobacter species closely related to C. jejuni produce glycoproteins that interact with both a C. jejuni N-linked-glycan-specific antiserum and a lectin known to bind to the C. jejuni N-linked glycan. In order to further investigate the structure of Campylobacter N-linked glycans, we employed an in vitro peptide glycosylation assay combined with mass spectrometry to demonstrate that Campylobacter species produce a range of structurally distinct N-linked glycans with variations in the number of sugar residues (penta-, hexa-, and heptasaccharides), the presence of branching sugars, and monosaccharide content. These data considerably expand our knowledge of bacterial N-linked glycan structure and provide a framework for investigating the role of glycosyltransferases and sugar biosynthesis enzymes in glycoprotein biosynthesis with practical implications for synthetic biology and glycoengineering.
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Charbonneau MÈ, Côté JP, Haurat MF, Reiz B, Crépin S, Berthiaume F, Dozois CM, Feldman MF, Mourez M. A structural motif is the recognition site for a new family of bacterial protein O-glycosyltransferases. Mol Microbiol 2012; 83:894-907. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.07973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bhat AH, Mondal H, Chauhan JS, Raghava GPS, Methi A, Rao A. ProGlycProt: a repository of experimentally characterized prokaryotic glycoproteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:D388-93. [PMID: 22039152 PMCID: PMC3245024 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ProGlycProt (http://www.proglycprot.org/) is an open access, manually curated, comprehensive repository of bacterial and archaeal glycoproteins with at least one experimentally validated glycosite (glycosylated residue). To facilitate maximum information at one point, the database is arranged under two sections: (i) ProCGP-the main data section consisting of 95 entries with experimentally characterized glycosites and (ii) ProUGP-a supplementary data section containing 245 entries with experimentally identified glycosylation but uncharacterized glycosites. Every entry in the database is fully cross-referenced and enriched with available published information about source organism, coding gene, protein, glycosites, glycosylation type, attached glycan, associated oligosaccharyl/glycosyl transferases (OSTs/GTs), supporting references, and applicable additional information. Interestingly, ProGlycProt contains as many as 174 entries for which information is unavailable or the characterized glycosites are unannotated in Swiss-Prot release 2011_07. The website supports a dedicated structure gallery of homology models and crystal structures of characterized glycoproteins in addition to two new tools developed in view of emerging information about prokaryotic sequons (conserved sequences of amino acids around glycosites) that are never or rarely seen in eukaryotic glycoproteins. ProGlycProt provides an extensive compilation of experimentally identified glycosites (334) and glycoproteins (340) of prokaryotes that could serve as an information resource for research and technology applications in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil H Bhat
- Protein Science and Engineering, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajasthan, India
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Hug I, Zheng B, Reiz B, Whittal RM, Fentabil MA, Klassen JS, Feldman MF. Exploiting bacterial glycosylation machineries for the synthesis of a Lewis antigen-containing glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37887-94. [PMID: 21878645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.287755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins constitute a class of compounds of increasing importance for pharmaceutical applications. The manipulation of bacterial protein glycosylation systems from Gram-negative bacteria for the synthesis of recombinant glycoproteins is a promising alternative to the current production methods. Proteins carrying Lewis antigens have been shown to have potential applications for the treatment of diverse autoimmune diseases. In this work, we developed a mixed approach consisting of in vivo and in vitro steps for the synthesis of glycoproteins containing the Lewis x antigen. Using glycosyltransferases from Haemophilus influenzae, we engineered Escherichia coli to assemble a tetrasaccharide on the lipid carrier undecaprenylphosphate. This glycan was transferred in vivo from the lipid to a carrier protein by the Campylobacter jejuni oligosaccharyltransferase PglB. The glycoprotein was then fucosylated in vitro by a truncated fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori. Diverse mass spectrometry techniques were used to confirm the structure of the glycan. The strategy presented here could be adapted in the future for the synthesis of diverse glycoproteins. Our experiments demonstrate that bacterial enzymes can be exploited for the production of glycoproteins carrying glycans present in human cells for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hug
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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