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Wang CR, McFarlane LO, Pukala TL. Exploring snake venoms beyond the primary sequence: From proteoforms to protein-protein interactions. Toxicon 2024; 247:107841. [PMID: 38950738 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation has been a long-standing global issue that is difficult to treat, largely owing to the flawed nature of current immunoglobulin-based antivenom therapy and the complexity of snake venoms as sophisticated mixtures of bioactive proteins and peptides. Comprehensive characterisation of venom compositions is essential to better understanding snake venom toxicity and inform effective and rationally designed antivenoms. Additionally, a greater understanding of snake venom composition will likely unearth novel biologically active proteins and peptides that have promising therapeutic or biotechnological applications. While a bottom-up proteomic workflow has been the main approach for cataloguing snake venom compositions at the toxin family level, it is unable to capture snake venom heterogeneity in the form of protein isoforms and higher-order protein interactions that are important in driving venom toxicity but remain underexplored. This review aims to highlight the importance of understanding snake venom heterogeneity beyond the primary sequence, in the form of post-translational modifications that give rise to different proteoforms and the myriad of higher-order protein complexes in snake venoms. We focus on current top-down proteomic workflows to identify snake venom proteoforms and further discuss alternative or novel separation, instrumentation, and data processing strategies that may improve proteoform identification. The current higher-order structural characterisation techniques implemented for snake venom proteins are also discussed; we emphasise the need for complementary and higher resolution structural bioanalytical techniques such as mass spectrometry-based approaches, X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy, to elucidate poorly characterised tertiary and quaternary protein structures. We envisage that the expansion of the snake venom characterisation "toolbox" with top-down proteomics and high-resolution protein structure determination techniques will be pivotal in advancing structural understanding of snake venoms towards the development of improved therapeutic and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Wang
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Lewis O McFarlane
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Tara L Pukala
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
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2
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Wieboldt R, Sandholzer M, Carlini E, Lin CW, Börsch A, Zingg A, Lardinois D, Herzig P, Don L, Zippelius A, Läubli H, Mantuano NR. Engagement of sialylated glycans with Siglec receptors on suppressive myeloid cells inhibits anticancer immunity via CCL2. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:495-509. [PMID: 38448555 PMCID: PMC11061307 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of sialic acids on glycans, called hypersialylation, is a common alteration found in cancer cells. Sialylated glycans can enhance immune evasion by interacting with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) receptors on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Here, we investigated the effect of sialylated glycans and their interaction with Siglec receptors on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We found that MDSCs derived from the blood of lung cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice strongly express inhibitory Siglec receptors and are highly sialylated. In murine cancer models of emergency myelopoiesis, Siglec-E knockout in myeloid cells resulted in prolonged survival and increased tumor infiltration of activated T cells. Targeting suppressive myeloid cells by blocking Siglec receptors or desialylation strongly reduced their suppressive potential. We further identified CCL2 as a mediator involved in T-cell suppression upon interaction between sialoglycans and Siglec receptors on MDSCs. Our results demonstrated that sialylated glycans inhibit anticancer immunity by modulating CCL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Wieboldt
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sandholzer
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Carlini
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Börsch
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zingg
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Lardinois
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Herzig
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Don
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Natalia Rodrigues Mantuano
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Tsai TS, Tsai IH, Qiu JL, Chan YY, Chiang YW. Comparative analysis of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom from Taiwan and China utilizing chromatographic, electrophoretic, and bioinformatic approaches, along with ELISA employing a monospecific antivenom. Toxicon 2024; 241:107663. [PMID: 38423218 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Deinagkistrodon acutus is a medically important pitviper inhabiting mainly South China and Taiwan. The hemorrhagic effects of its envenoming are compatible to its venom, which is abundant in metalloproteases (svMPs) and C-type lectin-like proteins. In this study, we investigated geographic variations in the venom of D. acutus collected from Taiwan and four Mainland Chinese provinces: Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Hunan. The variations were assessed through high-performance liquid chromatography, non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, gel electrophoresis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a monospecific antivenom (DaMAV) generated against the Taiwanese D. acutus venom, and discussed based on venom-protein sequences in databases and literature related to D. acutus venom. Additionally, the cross-reactivity of DaMAV against Crotalus horridus and Calloselasma rhodostoma venoms was investigated. We noted differential abundances of D. acutus venom metalloproteases, C-type lectin-like proteins, and phospholipase A2, along with point mutations and selective expression of serine protease isoforms. The ELISA results revealed that the venom from Taiwan was more reactive toward Taiwanese DaMAV than the four Mainland Chinese venoms, consistent with chromatographic profile differences, whereas C. horridus venom presented moderate cross-reactivity with DaMAV. The observed immunoreactivities of these venom with DaMAV can be attributed to the high prevalence of their PIII-svMPs, which are the dominant antigens, and the conservation of PIII-svMP epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tein-Shun Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung, 912301, Taiwan.
| | - Inn-Ho Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Qiu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung, 912301, Taiwan
| | - Yuen-Ying Chan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung, 912301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 322, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 112062, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Centre, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
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Tan CH, Tan KY, Ng TS, Tan NH, Chong HP. De Novo Venom Gland Transcriptome Assembly and Characterization for Calloselasma rhodostoma (Kuhl, 1824), the Malayan Pit Viper from Malaysia: Unravelling Toxin Gene Diversity in a Medically Important Basal Crotaline. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050315. [PMID: 37235350 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, the Malayan Pit Viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) is a venomous snake species of medical importance and bioprospecting potential. To unveil the diversity of its toxin genes, this study de novo assembled and analyzed the venom gland transcriptome of C. rhodostoma from Malaysia. The expression of toxin genes dominates the gland transcriptome by 53.78% of total transcript abundance (based on overall FPKM, Fragments Per Kilobase Million), in which 92 non-redundant transcripts belonging to 16 toxin families were identified. Snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP, PI > PII > PIII) is the most dominant family (37.84% of all toxin FPKM), followed by phospholipase A2 (29.02%), bradykinin/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-C-type natriuretic peptide (16.30%), C-type lectin (CTL, 10.01%), snake venom serine protease (SVSP, 2.81%), L-amino acid oxidase (2.25%), and others (1.78%). The expressions of SVMP, CTL, and SVSP correlate with hemorrhagic, anti-platelet, and coagulopathic effects in envenoming. The SVMP metalloproteinase domains encode hemorrhagins (kistomin and rhodostoxin), while disintegrin (rhodostomin from P-II) acts by inhibiting platelet aggregation. CTL gene homologues uncovered include rhodocytin (platelet aggregators) and rhodocetin (platelet inhibitors), which contribute to thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. The major SVSP is a thrombin-like enzyme (an ancrod homolog) responsible for defibrination in consumptive coagulopathy. The findings provide insight into the venom complexity of C. rhodostoma and the pathophysiology of envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo Hock Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Tzu Shan Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ho Phin Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Sialic acid-containing glycans play a role in the activity of snake venom proteases. Biochimie 2023; 204:140-153. [PMID: 36210615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural variability is a feature of snake venom proteins, and glycosylation is a post-translational modification that contributes to the diversification of venom proteomes. Studies by our group have shown that Bothrops venoms are distinctly defined by their glycoprotein content, and that most hybrid/complex N-glycans identified in these venoms contain sialic acid. Considering that metalloproteases and serine proteases are abundant components of Bothrops venoms and essential in the envenomation process, and that these enzymes contain several glycosylation sites, the role of sialic acid in venom proteolytic activity was evaluated. Here we show that removal of sialic acid by treatment of nine Bothrops venoms with neuraminidase (i) altered the pattern of gelatinolysis in zymography of most venoms and reduced the gelatinolytic activity of all venoms, (ii) decreased the proteolytic activity of some venoms on fibrinogen and the clotting activity of human plasma of all venoms, and (iii) altered the proteolysis profile of plasma proteins by B. jararaca venom, suggesting that sialic acid may play a role in the interaction of proteases with their protein substrates. In contrast, the profile of venom amidolytic activity on Bz-Arg-pNA did not change after removal of sialic acid, indicating that this monosaccharide is not essential in N-glycans of serine proteases acting on small substrates. In summary, these results expand the knowledge about the variability of the subproteomes of Bothrops venom proteases, and for the first time point to the importance of carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid in the enzymatic activities of venom proteases relevant in human envenomation.
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Brás-Costa C, Chaves AFA, Cajado-Carvalho D, da Silva Pires D, Andrade-Silva D, Serrano SMT. Profilings of subproteomes of lectin-binding proteins of nine Bothrops venoms reveal variability driven by different glycan types. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140795. [PMID: 35662639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom proteomes have long been investigated to explore a multitude of biologically active components that are used for prey capture and defense, and are involved in the pathological effects observed upon mammalian envenomation. Glycosylation is a major protein post-translational modification in venoms and contributes to the diversification of proteomes. We have shown that Bothrops venoms are markedly defined by their content of glycoproteins, and that most N-glycan structures of eight Bothrops venoms contain sialic acid, while bisected N-acetylglucosamine was identified in Bothrops cotiara venom. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the generation of different venoms by related snakes, here the glycoproteomes of nine Bothrops venoms (Bothrops atrox, B. cotiara, Bothrops erythromelas, Bothrops fonsecai, B. insularis, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothrops neuwiedi) were comparatively analyzed by enrichment with three lectins of different specificities, recognizing bisecting N-acetylglucosamine- and sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, and mass spectrometry. The lectin capture strategy generated venom fractions enriched with several glycoproteins, including metalloprotease, serine protease, and L- amino acid oxidase, in addition to various types of low abundant enzymes. The different contents of lectin-enriched proteins underscore novel aspects of the variability of the glycoprotein subproteomes of Bothrops venoms and point to the role of distinct types of glycan chains in generating different venoms by closely related snake species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Brás-Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alison Felipe Alencar Chaves
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cajado-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David da Silva Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tsai IH, Wang YM, Lin SW, Huang KF. Structural and bioinformatic analyses of Azemiops venom serine proteases reveal close phylogeographic relationships to pitvipers from eastern China and the New World. Toxicon 2021; 198:93-101. [PMID: 33957151 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The semi-fossil and pit-less Azemiops feae is possibly the most primitive crotalid species. Here, we have cloned and sequenced cDNAs encoding four serine proteases (vSPs) from the venom glands of Chinese A. feae. Full amino-acid sequences of the major vSP (designated as AzKNa) and three minor vSPs (designated as AzKNb, AzKNc and Az-PA) were deduced. Using Protein-BLAST search, the ten most-similar vSPs for each Azemiops vSP have been selected for multiple sequence alignment, and all the homologs are crotalid vSPs. The results suggest that the A. feae vSPs are structurally most like those of eastern-Chinese Gloydius, Viridovipera, Protobothrops and North American pitvipers, and quite different from more-specialized vSPs such as Agkistrodon venom Protein-C activators. The vSPs from Chinese A. feae and those from Vietnamese A. feae show significant sequence variations. AzKNa is acidic and contains six potential N-glycosylation sites and its surface-charge distribution differs greatly from that of AzKNb, as revealed by 3D-modeling. AzKNb and AzKNc do not contain N-glycosylation sites although most of their close homologs contain one or two. Az-PA belongs to the plasminogen-activator subtype with a conserved N20-glycosylation site. The evolution of this subtype of vSPs in Azemiops and related pitvipers has been traced by phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn-Ho Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Scienvaces, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ming Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sialic acid and biology of life: An introduction. SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALOGLYCOCONJUGATES IN THE BIOLOGY OF LIFE, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153325 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816126-5.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are important molecule with high structural diversity. They are known to occur in higher animals such as Echinoderms, Hemichordata, Cephalochorda, and Vertebrata and also in other animals such as Platyhelminthes, Cephalopoda, and Crustaceae. Plants are known to lack sialic acid. But they are reported to occur in viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Deaminated neuraminic acid although occurs in vertebrates and bacteria, is reported to occur in abundance in the lower vertebrates. Sialic acids are mostly located in terminal ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids, capsular and tissue polysialic acids, bacterial lipooligosaccharides/polysaccharides, and in different forms that dictate their role in biology. Sialic acid play important roles in human physiology of cell-cell interaction, communication, cell-cell signaling, carbohydrate-protein interactions, cellular aggregation, development processes, immune reactions, reproduction, and in neurobiology and human diseases in enabling the infection process by bacteria and virus, tumor growth and metastasis, microbiome biology, and pathology. It enables molecular mimicry in pathogens that allows them to escape host immune responses. Recently sialic acid has found role in therapeutics. In this chapter we have highlighted the (i) diversity of sialic acid, (ii) their occurrence in the diverse life forms, (iii) sialylation and disease, and (iv) sialic acid and therapeutics.
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Debono J, Dashevsky D, Nouwens A, Fry BG. The sweet side of venom: Glycosylated prothrombin activating metalloproteases from Dispholidus typus (boomslang) and Thelotornis mossambicanus (twig snake). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 227:108625. [PMID: 31634575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dispholidus typus and Thelotornis mossambicanus are closely related rear-fanged colubrid snakes that both possess strongly procoagulant venoms. However, despite similarities in overall venom biochemistry and resulting clinical manifestations, the underlying venom composition differs significantly between the two species. As a result, the only available antivenom-which is a monovalent antivenom for D. typus-has minimal cross reactivity with T. mossambicanus and is not a clinically viable option. It was hypothesised that this lack of cross reactivity is due to the additional large metalloprotease protein within T. mossambicanus venom, which may also be responsible for faster coagulation times. In this study, we found that T. mossambicanus venom is a more powerful activator of prothrombin than that of D. typus and that the SVMP transcripts from T. mossambicanus form a clade with those from D. typus. The sequences from D. typus and T. mossambicanus were highly similar in length, with the calculated molecular weights of the T. mossambicanus transcripts being significantly less than the molecular weights of some isoforms on the 1D SDS-PAGE gels. Analyses utilising degylcosylating enzymes revealed that T. mossambicanus SVMPs are glycosylated during post-translational modification, but that this does not lead to the different molecular weight bands observed in 1D SDS-PAGE gels. However, differences in glycosylation patterns may still explain some of the difference between the enzymatic activities and neutralization by antivenom that have been observed in these venoms. The results of this study provide new information regarding the treatment options for patients envenomated by T. mossambicanus as well as the evolution of these dangerous snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Debono
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Dashevsky
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Pallister EG, Choo MSF, Tai JN, Leong DSZ, Tang WQ, Ng SK, Huang K, Marchesi A, Both P, Gray C, Rudd PM, Flitsch SL, Nguyen-Khuong T. Exploiting the Disialyl Galactose Activity of α2,6-Sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damselae To Generate a Highly Sialylated Recombinant α-1-Antitrypsin. Biochemistry 2019; 59:3123-3128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Pallister
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. F. Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Jien-Nee Tai
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Dawn S. Z. Leong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Wen-Qin Tang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Say-Kong Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Marchesi
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Gray
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Nguyen-Khuong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
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Villar-Briones A, Aird SD. Organic and Peptidyl Constituents of Snake Venoms: The Picture Is Vastly More Complex Than We Imagined. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E392. [PMID: 30261630 PMCID: PMC6215107 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small metabolites and peptides in 17 snake venoms (Elapidae, Viperinae, and Crotalinae), were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each venom contains >900 metabolites and peptides. Many small organic compounds are present at levels that are probably significant in prey envenomation, given that their known pharmacologies are consistent with snake envenomation strategies. Metabolites included purine nucleosides and their bases, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, guanidino compounds, carboxylic acids, amines, mono- and disaccharides, and amino acids. Peptides of 2⁻15 amino acids are also present in significant quantities, particularly in crotaline and viperine venoms. Some constituents are specific to individual taxa, while others are broadly distributed. Some of the latter appear to support high anabolic activity in the gland, rather than having toxic functions. Overall, the most abundant organic metabolite was citric acid, owing to its predominance in viperine and crotaline venoms, where it chelates divalent cations to prevent venom degradation by venom metalloproteases and damage to glandular tissue by phospholipases. However, in terms of their concentrations in individual venoms, adenosine, adenine, were most abundant, owing to their high titers in Dendroaspis polylepis venom, although hypoxanthine, guanosine, inosine, and guanine all numbered among the 50 most abundant organic constituents. A purine not previously reported in venoms, ethyl adenosine carboxylate, was discovered in D. polylepis venom, where it probably contributes to the profound hypotension caused by this venom. Acetylcholine was present in significant quantities only in this highly excitotoxic venom, while 4-guanidinobutyric acid and 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoic acid were present in all venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Villar-Briones
- Division of Research Support, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Steven D Aird
- Division of Faculty Affairs and Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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Andrade-Silva D, Ashline D, Tran T, Lopes AS, Travaglia Cardoso SR, Reis MDS, Zelanis A, Serrano SMT, Reinhold V. Structures of N-Glycans of Bothrops Venoms Revealed as Molecular Signatures that Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Viperid Snakes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1261-1284. [PMID: 29716988 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of snake venoms has long been investigated to explore a myriad of biologically active proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey, and are responsible for the pathological effects observed on envenomation. Glycosylation is the main post-translational modification (PTM) of viperid venoms but currently there is little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation of venom proteomes. We have previously reported that Bothrops venom glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition and parallel their phylogenetic classification. Here we extend those observations to eight Bothrops species evaluating the N-glycomes by LC-MS as assigned cartoon structures and detailing those structures separately as methylated analogs using ion-trap mass spectrometry (MSn). Following ion disassembly through multiple steps provided sequence and linkage isomeric details that characterized 52 unique compositions in Bothrops venoms. These occurred as 60 structures, of which 26 were identified in the venoms of the Jararaca Complex (B. alcatraz, B. insularis, and B. jararaca), 20 in B. erythromelas, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni and B. neuwiedi venoms, and 22 in B. cotiara venom. Further, quantitative analysis of these N-glycans showed variable relative abundances in the venoms. For the first time a comprehensive set of N-glycan structures present in snake venoms are defined. Despite the fact that glycosylation is not template-defined, the N-glycomes of these venoms mirror the phylogeny cladograms of South American bothropoid snakes reported in studies on morphological, molecular data and feeding habits, exhibiting distinct molecular signatures for each venom. Considering the complexity of N-glycan moieties generally found in glycoproteins, characterized by different degrees of branching, isomer structures, and variable abundances, our findings point to these factors as another level of complexity in Bothrops venoms, features that could dramatically contribute to their distinct biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ashline
- §The Glycomics Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Thuy Tran
- §The Glycomics Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Aline Soriano Lopes
- ‖Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 09913-030 Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo da Silva Reis
- ¶Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response, and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- ‡‡Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, 12231-280, Brazil
| | | | - Vernon Reinhold
- §The Glycomics Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824;
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Yang ZM, Yu H, Liu ZZ, Pei JZ, Yang YE, Yan SX, Zhang C, Zhao WL, Wang ZZ, Wang YM, Tsai IH. Serine protease isoforms in Gloydius intermedius venom: Full sequences, molecular phylogeny and evolutionary implications. J Proteomics 2017; 164:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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15
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Andrade-Silva D, Zelanis A, Kitano ES, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Reis MS, Lopes AS, Serrano SMT. Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2658-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Andrade-Silva
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência
e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S. Kitano
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S. Reis
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Lopes
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Solange M. T. Serrano
- Laboratório
Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
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16
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Expression and partial biochemical characterization of a recombinant serine protease from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Toxicon 2016; 115:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Boldrini-França J, Santos Rodrigues R, Santos-Silva LK, de Souza DLN, Gomes MSR, Cologna CT, de Pauw E, Quinton L, Henrique-Silva F, de Melo Rodrigues V, Arantes EC. Expression of a new serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom in Pichia pastoris and functional comparison with the native enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9971-86. [PMID: 26227411 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs) act primarily on plasma proteins related to blood clotting and are considered promising for the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. We report the heterologous expression of a serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus, named collinein-1, in Pichia pastoris, as well as the enzymatic comparative characterization of the toxin in native and recombinant forms. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding collinein-1 was amplified from cDNA library of C. d. collilineatus venom gland and cloned into the pPICZαA vector. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform cells of KM71H P. pastoris. Heterologous expression was induced by methanol and yielded 56 mg of recombinant collinein-1 (rCollinein-1) per liter of culture. The native collinein-1 was purified from C. d. collilineatus venom, and its identity was confirmed by amino acid sequencing. The native and recombinant enzymes showed similar effects upon bovine fibrinogen by releasing preferentially fibrinopeptide A. Although both enzymes have induced plasma coagulation, native Colinein-1 has shown higher coagulant activity. The serine proteases were able to hydrolyze the chromogenic substrates S-2222, S-2238, and S2302. Both enzymes showed high stability on different pH and temperature, and their esterase activities were inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+. The serine proteases showed similar k cat/K m values in enzyme kinetics assays, suggesting no significant differences in efficiency of these proteins to hydrolyze the substrate. These results demonstrated that rCollinein-1 was expressed with functional integrity on the evaluated parameters. The success in producing a functionally active recombinant SVSP may generate perspectives to their future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johara Boldrini-França
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Lorena Naves de Souza
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Rocha Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Edwin de Pauw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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18
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Cobra venom proteome and glycome determined from individual snakes of Naja atra reveal medically important dynamic range and systematic geographic variation. J Proteomics 2015. [PMID: 26196238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent progress in snake venomics has shed much light on the intra-species variation among the toxins from different geographical regions and has provided important information for better snakebite management. Most previous reports on snake venomics were based on venoms pooled from different snakes. In this study, we present the proteomic and glycomic profiles of venoms from individual Naja atra snakes. The results reveal wide dynamic range of three-finger toxins. Systematic classification based on cardiotoxin (CTX-) profiles of A2/A4 and A6, respectively, allowed the identification of two putative subspecies of Taiwan cobra from the eastern and western regions. We also identified four major N-glycan moieties on cobra snake venom metalloproteinase on the bi-antennary glycan core. ELISA showed that these glycoproteins (<3%) could elicit much higher antibody response in antiserum when compared to other high-abundance cobra venom toxins such as small molecular weight CTXs (~60%). By removing these high-molecular weight glycoproteins from the immunogen, we demonstrated better protection than that achieved with conventional crude venom immunization in mice challenged by crude venom. We conclude that both intra-species and inter-individual variations of proteomic and glycomic profiles of snake venomics should be considered to provide better antivenomic approach for snakebite management. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on the proteomic and glycomic profiles of venoms obtained from individual snakes, we demonstrated a surprisingly wide dynamic range and geographical variation of three-finger toxins in cobra venomics. This provides a reasonable explanation for the variable neutralization effects of antivenom treatment on victims suffering from cobra snakebite and suggests a simple and economic method to produce potent antivenom with better efficacy. Since two major venomic profiles with distinct dynamic ranges were observed for Taiwan cobra venoms isolated from the eastern and western regions, the current venomic profile should be used as a quality control for future production of antivenom in clinical applications.
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Lynn KS, Chen CC, Lih TM, Cheng CW, Su WC, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Hsu WL, Chen YJ, Sung TY. MAGIC: An Automated N-Linked Glycoprotein Identification Tool Using a Y1-Ion Pattern Matching Algorithm and in Silico MS2 Approach. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2466-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5044829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Shiuan Lynn
- Institute
of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chun Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - T. Mamie Lih
- Bioinformatics
Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information
Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Institute
of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chih Su
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chang
- Institute
of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Cheng
- Institute
of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Institute
of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Sung
- Institute
of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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20
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Tsai IH, Wang YM, Huang KF. Effects of single N-glycosylation site knockout on folding and defibrinogenating activities of acutobin recombinants from HEK293T. Toxicon 2014; 94:50-9. [PMID: 25533529 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acutobin, the α-fibrinogenase from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom, contains four N-glycosylation sites with disialylated complex-typed glycans. Here, we explore the functional roles of each of the N-glycan by site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type (ATB-wt) and single glycan-knockout mutants of recombinant acutobin were prepared from HEK293T, demonstrating that mutations at Asn(77), Asn(81) and Asn(100) impaired the folding while the S79A mutant and various Asn(229)-deglycosylated mutants were correctly folded. Based on homology modeling of acutobin and multiple sequence alignment with various venom thrombin-like enzymes, the importance of a hydrophilic environment at each glycosylation site to the enzyme folding could be rationalized. Remarkably, all the mutants showed similar catalytic activities for the chromogenic substrate and similar thermal stabilities as ATB-wt, suggesting that the glycan knockout did not affect the gross conformation and stability of the active sites. Although SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that ATB-wt and the D229-mutant degraded all human fibrinogen subunits faster but less specifically in vitro as compared with other mutants that cleaved only the α-subunit, ATB-wt and D229-mutant were not able to release fibrinogen-peptide A and thus coagulated human plasma slower than the other mutants did. In the mice model, the defibrinogenating effect of ATB-wt was stronger and lasting-longer than those of all the mutants. Taken together, all the glycans contribute to the pharmacokinetics of acutobin and ATB-wt in vivo, and the microenvironment around the Asn(229)-glycan appears to regulate the fibrinogen-chain specificity of acutobin while the N-glycans at positions 77, 81 and 100 are crucial for its folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn-Ho Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ming Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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21
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Yamashiro ET, Oliveira AK, Kitano ES, Menezes MC, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Paes Leme AF, Serrano SM. Proteoforms of the platelet-aggregating enzyme PA-BJ, a serine proteinase from Bothrops jararaca venom. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:2068-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Wang YM, Tsai IH, Chen JM, Cheng AC, Khoo KH. Correlation between the glycan variations and defibrinogenating activities of acutobin and its recombinant glycoforms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100354. [PMID: 24945257 PMCID: PMC4063753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acutobin isolated from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom has been used to prevent or treat stroke in patients. This defibrinogenating serine protease is a 39 kDa glycoprotein containing terminal disialyl-capped N-glycans. After sialidase treatment, the enzyme showed similar catalytic activities toward chromogenic substrate, and cleaved the Aα chain of fibrinogen as efficiently as the native acutobin did. However, the level of fibrinogen degradation products in mice after i.p.-injection of desialylated-acutobin was significantly lower than the level after acutobin injection, suggesting that the disialyl moieties may improve or prolong the half-life of acutobin. Two recombinant enzymes with identical protein structures and similar amidolytic activities to those of native acutobin were expressed from HEK293T and SW1353 cells and designated as HKATB and SWATB, respectively. Mass spectrometric profiling showed that their glycans differed from those of acutobin. In contrast to acutobin, HKATB cleaved not only the Aα chain but also the Bβ and γ chains of human fibrinogens, while SWATB showed a reduced α-fibrinogenase activity. Non-denaturing deglycosylation of these proteases by peptide N-glycosidase F significantly reduced their fibrinogenolytic activities and thermal stabilities. The in vivo defibrinogenating effect of HKATB was inferior to that of acutobin in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the conjugated glycans of acutobin are involved in its interaction with fibrinogen, and that the selection of cells optimally expressing efficient glycoforms and further glycosylation engineering are desirable before a recombinant product can replace the native enzyme for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Ho Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jin-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang SH, Tsai CM, Lin KI, Khoo KH. Advanced mass spectrometry and chemical analyses reveal the presence of terminal disialyl motif on mouse B-cell glycoproteins. Glycobiology 2013; 23:677-89. [PMID: 23363740 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of a terminal disialyl motif on mammalian O-glycans is increasingly being identified through recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic profiling. In most cases, it is carried on simple core 1 structures in which both the galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine can be disialylated. In contrast, a disialyl motif on N-glycans is less readily revealed by MS mapping, since additional MS/MS analysis is required to determine the distribution of the various sialic acids on typically multisialylated complex type N-glycans. In our MS-based glycomic screening, we found that a mouse B lymphoma cell line, BCL1, ranks among those that have the highest amount of disialyl motif on its O-glycans, including those carried on CD45. More intriguingly, detailed chemical and MS/MS analyses unambiguously showed that the Neu5Gcα2-8Neu5Gc disialyl motif is also present on the N-glycans and that it can be carried on the termini of polylactosaminoglycan chains, which can be further sulfated on the proximal GlcNAc, occurring alongside other monosialylated sulfated LacNAc termini. Upon silencing the expression of mouse α2,8-sialyltransferase VI (ST8Sia VI), the overall disialyl content decreases significantly, but more so for that on the N-glycans than the O-glycans. ST8Sia VI was further shown to be the most significantly upregulated ST8Sia during plasma cell differentiation, which coincides with increasing content of the disialyl motif. Increasing terminal disialylation without leading to polysialylation may thus have important biological consequences awaiting further investigation. Likewise, the expression of mono- and disialylated sulfated LacNAc may constitute novel recognition codes modulating B-cell activation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Hua Wang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University
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Tsai IH, Chang HC, Chen JM, Cheng AC, Khoo KH. Glycan structures and intrageneric variations of venom acidic phospholipases A2 from Tropidolaemus pitvipers. FEBS J 2012; 279:2672-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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