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Cui Z, Li H, Liu C, Wang J, Chen C, Hu S, Zhao X, Li G. Single-cell data revealed exhaustion of characteristic NK cell subpopulations and T cell subpopulations in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6550-6565. [PMID: 38604154 PMCID: PMC11042964 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment and prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been a major medical challenge. Unraveling the landscape of tumor immune infiltrating cells (TIICs) in the immune microenvironment of HCC is of great significance to probe the molecular mechanisms. METHODS Based on single-cell data of HCC, the cell landscape was revealed from the perspective of TIICs. Special cell subpopulations were determined by the expression levels of marker genes. Differential expression analysis was conducted. The activity of each subpopulation was determined based on the highly expressed genes. CTLA4+ T-cell subpopulations affecting the prognosis of HCC were determined based on survival analysis. A single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering analysis was also performed to determine the transcription factor regulatory networks in the CTLA4+ T cell subpopulations. RESULTS 10 cell types were identified and NK cells and T cells showed high abundance in tumor tissues. Two NK cells subpopulations were present, FGFBP2+ NK cells, B3GNT7+ NK cells. Four T cells subpopulations were present, LAG3+ T cells, CTLA4+ T cells, RCAN3+ T cells, and HPGDS+ Th2 cells. FGFBP2+ NK cells, and CTLA4+ T cells were the exhaustive subpopulation. High CTLA4+ T cells contributed to poor prognostic outcomes and promoted tumor progression. Finally, a network of transcription factors regulated by NR3C1, STAT1, and STAT3, which were activated, was present in CTLA4+ T cells. CONCLUSION CTLA4+ T cell subsets in HCC exhibited functional exhaustion characteristics that probably inhibited T cell function through a transcription factor network dominated by NR3C1, STAT1, and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfeng Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chunguang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shanlei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Wang X, Wang Y, Chen X, He Y, Zhou X, Jiao S, Zhu Z, Wu C, Bao J. Identification of glycogene-based prognostic signature and validation of B3GNT7 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16957-16969. [PMID: 37740763 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with the fifth highest mortality rate among all cancers and high risk of metastasis. However, potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms underlying the stratification of breast cancer in terms of clinical outcomes remain to be investigated. Therefore, we aimed to find a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer patients. METHODS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to perform comprehensive transcriptomic study of total 185 glycogenes in public datasets of breast cancer with clinicopathological and survival information. A glycogene-based signature for subtype classification was discovered using Limma packages, and relevance to four known molecular features was identified by GSVA. Experimental verification was performed and biological functions of B3GNT7 were characterized by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, transwell assays, and lectin immunofluorescence staining in breast cancer cells. RESULTS A 23-glycogene signature was identified for the classification of breast cancer. Among the 23 glycogenes, B3GNTs showed significantly positive associations with ER-/Her2- subtype in breast cancer patients (n = 2655). Overexpressed B3GNT7 were correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients based on public datasets. B3GNT7 depletion inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and decreased global fucosylation in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we discovered a unique 23-gene signature for breast cancer patient glycogene-type classification. Among these genes, B3GNT7 was shown to be a potential biomarker for unfavorable outcomes and therapeutic target of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yida Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sitong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinku Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Sun R, Yang Y, Lü W, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Diao D, Wang Y, Chang S, Lu M, Jiang Q, Dai B, Ma X, Zhao C, Lü M, Zhang J, Ding C, Li N, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Zhou D, Huang C. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of normal and pathological tissues from the same patient uncovers colon cancer progression. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 36944972 PMCID: PMC10031920 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of colon cells from normal colon mucosa, to adenoma, then to carcinoma in the same microenvironment. Normal colon, adenoma and carcinoma tissues from the same patient were analyzed by single-cell sequencing, which perfectly simulated the process of time-dependent colon cancer due to the same microenvironment. A total of 22 cell types were identified. Results suggest the presence of dominant clones of same cells including C2 goblet cell, epithelial cell subtype 1 (Epi1), enterocyte cell subset 0 (Entero0), and Entero5 in carcinoma. Epi1 and Entero0 were Co-enriched in antibacterial and IL-17 signaling, Entero5 was enriched in immune response and mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis. We discovered new colon cancer related genes including AC007952.4, NEK8, CHRM3, ANO7, B3GNT6, NEURL1, ODC1 and KCNMA1. The function of TBC1D4, LTB, C2CD4A, AND GBP4/5 in T cells needs to be clarified. We used colon samples from the same person, which provide new information for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Sun
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Lü
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Diao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Su'e Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingling Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang'an Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Moqi Lü
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Ding
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 309 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dangxia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Glycosyltransferases in Cancer: Prognostic Biomarkers of Survival in Patient Cohorts and Impact on Malignancy in Experimental Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092128. [PMID: 35565254 PMCID: PMC9100214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycosylation changes are a main feature of cancer. Some carbohydrate epitopes and expression levels of glycosyltransferases have been used or proposed as prognostic markers, while many experimental works have investigated the role of glycosyltransferases in malignancy. Using the transcriptomic data of the 21 TCGA cohorts, we correlated the expression level of 114 glycosyltransferases with the overall survival of patients. Methods: Using the Oncolnc website, we determined the Kaplan−Meier survival curves for the patients falling in the 15% upper or lower percentile of mRNA expression of each glycosyltransferase. Results: Seventeen glycosyltransferases involved in initial steps of N- or O-glycosylation and of glycolipid biosynthesis, in chain extension and sialylation were unequivocally associated with bad prognosis in a majority of cohorts. Four glycosyltransferases were associated with good prognosis. Other glycosyltransferases displayed an extremely high predictive value in only one or a few cohorts. The top were GALNT3, ALG6 and B3GNT7, which displayed a p < 1 × 10−9 in the low-grade glioma (LGG) cohort. Comparison with published experimental data points to ALG3, GALNT2, B4GALNT1, POFUT1, B4GALT5, B3GNT5 and ST3GAL2 as the most consistently malignancy-associated enzymes. Conclusions: We identified several cancer-associated glycosyltransferases as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Takeda-Uchimura Y, Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Akama TO, Ihara Y, Allain F, Uchimura K. Beta3Gn-T7 Is a Keratan Sulfate β1,3 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase in the Adult Brain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:813841. [PMID: 35221933 PMCID: PMC8863611 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.813841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) glycan is covalently attached to a core protein of proteoglycans. KS is abundant in neuropils and presents densely in close proximity to the perineuronal region of the perineuronal net-positive neurons in the adult brain under physiological conditions. We previously showed that the synthesis of KS positive for the R-10G antibody in the adult brain is mediated by GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferase 3 (GlcNAc6ST3; encoded by Chst5). Deficiency in both GlcNAc6ST3 and GlcNAc6ST1, encoded by Chst2, completely abolished KS. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type z1 (Ptprz1)/phosphacan was identified as a KS scaffold. KS requires the extension of GlcNAc by β1,3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Beta3Gn-T). Members of the Beta3Gn-T family involved in the synthesis of adult brain KS have not been identified. In this study, we show by a method of gene targeting that Beta3Gn-T7, encoded by B3gnt7, is a major Beta3Gn-T for the synthesis of KS in neuropils and the perineuronal region in the adult brain. Intriguingly, the B3gnt7 gene is selectively expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes similar to that of GlcNAc6ST3. These results indicate that Beta3Gn-T7 in oligodendrocyte lineage cells may play a role in the formation of neuropils and perineuronal nets in the adult brain through the synthesis of R-10G-positive KS-modified proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeda-Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF – Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | | | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF – Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF – Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Kenji Uchimura,
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6
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Carroll DJ, Burns MWN, Mottram L, Propheter DC, Boucher A, Lessen GM, Kumar A, Malaker SA, Xing C, Hooper LV, Yrlid U, Kohler JJ. Interleukin-22 regulates B3GNT7 expression to induce fucosylation of glycoproteins in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101463. [PMID: 34864058 PMCID: PMC8808068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine that plays a critical role in intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Its downstream functions are mediated through interaction with the heterodimeric IL-22 receptor and subsequent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). IL-22 signaling can induce transcription of genes necessary for intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, tight junction fortification, and antimicrobial production. Recent studies have also implicated IL-22 signaling in the regulation of intestinal epithelial fucosylation in mice. However, whether IL-22 regulates intestinal fucosylation in human intestinal epithelial cells and the molecular mechanisms that govern this process are unknown. Here, in experiments performed in human cell lines and human-derived enteroids, we show that IL-22 signaling regulates expression of the B3GNT7 transcript, which encodes a β1-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that can participate in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc) chains. Additionally, we find that IL-22 signaling regulates levels of the α1-3-fucosylated Lewis X (Lex) blood group antigen, and that this glycan epitope is primarily displayed on O-glycosylated intestinal epithelial glycoproteins. Moreover, we show that increased expression of B3GNT7 alone is sufficient to promote increased display of Lex-decorated carbohydrate glycan structures primarily on O-glycosylated intestinal epithelial glycoproteins. Together, these data identify B3GNT7 as an intermediary in IL-22-dependent induction of fucosylation of glycoproteins and uncover a novel role for B3GNT7 in intestinal glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Carroll
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mary W N Burns
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lynda Mottram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Propheter
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Boucher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle M Lessen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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7
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Song H, Ruan C, Xu Y, Xu T, Fan R, Jiang T, Cao M, Song J. Survival stratification for colorectal cancer via multi-omics integration using an autoencoder-based model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:898-909. [PMID: 34904882 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211065010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis stratification in colorectal cancer helps to address cancer heterogeneity and contributes to the improvement of tailored treatments for colorectal cancer patients. In this study, an autoencoder-based model was implemented to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer via the integration of multi-omics data. DNA methylation, RNA-seq, and miRNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were integrated as input for the autoencoder, and 175 transformed features were produced. The survival-related features were used to cluster the samples using k-means clustering. The autoencoder-based strategy was compared to the principal component analysis (PCA)-, t-distributed random neighbor embedded (t-SNE)-, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-, or individual Cox proportional hazards (Cox-PH)-based strategies. Using the 175 transformed features, tumor samples were clustered into two groups (G1 and G2) with significantly different survival rates. The autoencoder-based strategy performed better at identifying survival-related features than the other transformation strategies. Further, the two survival groups were robustly validated using "hold-out" validation and five validation cohorts. Gene expression profiles, miRNA profiles, DNA methylation, and signaling pathway profiles varied from the poor prognosis group (G2) to the good prognosis group (G1). miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed using six differentially expressed miRNAs (let-7c, mir-34c, mir-133b, let-7e, mir-144, and mir-106a) and 19 predicted target genes. The autoencoder-based computational framework could distinguish good prognosis samples from bad prognosis samples and facilitate a better understanding of the molecular biology of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Chengwei Ruan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
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8
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The Cancer-Associated Antigens Sialyl Lewis a/x and Sd a: Two Opposite Faces of Terminal Glycosylation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215273. [PMID: 34771437 PMCID: PMC8582462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycosyltransferase β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferae 2 (B4GALNT2), product of the B4GALNT2 gene is responsible for the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigen Sda. Both the enzyme and its cognate antigen display a restricted pattern of tissue expression and modulation in colorectal, gastric, and mammary cancers. In colorectal cancer, B4GALNT2 is generally downregulated, but patients displaying higher expression survive longer. The sialyl Lewisa and sialyl Lewisx antigens are associated with malignancy. Their biosynthesis and that of Sda are mutually exclusive. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 in colorectal cancer cell lines modulates the transcriptome towards lower malignancy, reducing stemness. These effects are independent of B4GALNT2-induced sLea/sLex inhibition. Thus, B4GALNT2 is a marker of better prognosis and a cancer-restraining enzyme in colorectal cancer, with a therapeutic potential. Abstract Terminal carbohydrate structures are particularly relevant in oncology because they can serve as cancer markers and alter the phenotype of cancer cells. The Sda antigen and the sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa (sLex and sLea) antigens are terminal structures whose biosynthesis is mutually exclusive. In this review, we describe the main features of the Sda antigen in cancer and its relationship with sLex/a antigens. Information was obtained from an extensive literature search and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database. The Sda biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 undergoes downregulation in colorectal (CRC) and stomach cancer, while it is ectopically expressed by a minority of breast cancer (BRCA) patients. High expression of B4GALNT2 is associated with better prognosis and a less malignant gene expression profile in CRC, while the opposite occurs in BRCA. The regulation of B4GALNT2 expression in CRC is multifactorial, involving gene methylation and miRNA expression. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 inhibited sLea/sLex and reduced malignancy and stemness in cells constitutively expressing sLex/a antigens. However, consistent effects were observed upon B4GALNT2 forced expression and in cells not expressing sLex/a antigens. Thus, B4GALNT2 and the Sda antigen exert a tumor-restraining activity in CRC and probably other gastrointestinal cancers, independently of sLex/a antigens.
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Zhang L, Li D, Du F, Huang H, Yuan C, Fu J, Sun S, Tian T, Liu X, Sun H, Zhu L, Xu J, Liu Y, Cui B, Zhao Y. A panel of differentially methylated regions enable prognosis prediction for colorectal cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:3285-3293. [PMID: 34302946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We aim to identify a panel of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) for predicting survival outcomes for patients with CRC from the TCGA (n = 393). Four DMRs (MUC12, TBX20, CHN2, and B3GNT7) were selected as candidate prognostic markers for CRC. The prediction potential of selected DMRs was validated by the targeted bisulfite sequencing method in an independent cohort with 251 Chinese CRC patients. DMR methylation scores (DMSs) were constructed to evaluate the prognosis of CRC. Results of the validation cohort confirmed that higher DMSs were associated with poor overall survival (OS) of CRC, with hazard ratio (HR) value ranged from 1.445 to 2.698 in multivariable Cox models. Patients in the high prognostic index (high-PI) group showed a markedly unfavorable prognosis compared to the low-PI group in both TCGA discovery cohort (HR = 3.508, 95%CI: 2.196-5.604, P < 0.001) and independent validation cohort (HR = 1.912, 95%CI: 1.258-2.907, P = 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Fenqi Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Simin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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10
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Kostopoulos I, Aalvink S, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Nijsse B, Bäckhed F, Knol J, de Vos WM, Belzer C. A Continuous Battle for Host-Derived Glycans Between a Mucus Specialist and a Glycan Generalist in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632454. [PMID: 34248864 PMCID: PMC8264420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a diverse microbial community, which plays a crucial role in human health. In the gut, a protective mucus layer that consists of glycan structures separates the bacteria from the host epithelial cells. These host-derived glycans are utilized by bacteria that have adapted to this specific compound in the gastrointestinal tract. Our study investigated the close interaction between two distinct gut microbiota members known to use mucus glycans, the generalist Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the specialist Akkermansia muciniphila in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro study, in which mucin was the only nutrient source, indicated that B. thetaiotaomicron significantly upregulated genes coding for Glycoside Hydrolases (GHs) and mucin degradation activity when cultured in the presence of A. muciniphila. Furthermore, B. thetaiotaomicron significantly upregulated the expression of a gene encoding for membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain in co-culture. The transcriptome analysis also indicated that A. muciniphila was less affected by the environmental changes and was able to sustain its abundance in the presence of B. thetaiotaomicron while increasing the expression of LPS core biosynthesis activity encoding genes (O-antigen ligase, Lipid A and Glycosyl transferases) as well as ABC transporters. Using germ-free mice colonized with B. thetaiotaomicron and/or A. muciniphila, we observed a more general glycan degrading profile in B. thetaiotaomicron while the expression profile of A. muciniphila was not significantly affected when colonizing together, indicating that two different nutritional niches were established in mice gut. Thus, our results indicate that a mucin degrading generalist adapts to its changing environment, depending on available carbohydrates while a mucin degrading specialist adapts by coping with competing microorganism through upregulation of defense related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bart Nijsse
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Knol
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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11
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Wang H, Wang DH, Yang X, Sun Y, Yang CS. Colitis-induced IL11 promotes colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:557-569. [PMID: 33196831 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis increases the risk of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism of the association between colitis and cancer remains largely unknown. To identify colitis-associated cancer promoting factors, we investigated gene expression changes caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By analyzing gene expression profiles, we found that IL11 was upregulated in DSS-induced colitis tissue and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP)/DSS-induced colon tumours in mice as well as in human colorectal cancer. By characterizing the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3), we found that pSTAT3 was induced transiently in colitis, but maintained at higher levels from hyper-proliferative dysplastic lesions to tumours. Using the IL11 receptor (IL11Rα1) knockout mice, we found that pSTAT3 in the newly regenerated crypt epithelial cells in colitis is abolished in IL11Rα1+/- and -/- mice, suggesting that colitis-induced IL11 activates STAT3 in colon crypt epithelial cells. Moreover, colitis-promoted colon carcinogenesis was significantly reduced in IL11Rα1+/- and -/- mice. To determine the roles of the IL11 in colitis, we found that the inhibition of IL11 signalling by recombinant IL11 antagonist mutein during colitis was sufficient to attenuate colitis-promoted carcinogenesis. Together, our results demonstrated that colitis-induced IL11 plays critical roles in creating cancer promoting microenvironment to facilitate the development of colon cancer from dormant premalignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David H Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yuhai Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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12
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Sun Y, Liu T, Xian L, Liu W, Liu J, Zhou H. B3GNT3, a Direct Target of miR-149-5p, Promotes Lung Cancer Development and Indicates Poor Prognosis of Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2381-2391. [PMID: 32280275 PMCID: PMC7129331 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s236565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B3GNT3 (β1, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-3) belongs to the β3GlcNAcT family and is essential to form extended core 1 oligosaccharides. Previous studies revealed that B3GNT3 expression was dysregulated in multiple cancers. Here, we aimed to understand the expression profile and function of B3GNT3 in lung cancer. Materials and Methods The expression of B3GNT3 was measured by immunohistochemistry and public database analysis. B3GNT3 was knocked down to evaluate the lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in in vitro and in vivo tumor formation experiments. miR-149-5p targeting B3GNT3 was identified with TargetScan analysis and confirmed with reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-149-5p was achieved using microRNA mimics and function of microRNA-149-5p/B3GNT3 axis was tested in vitro. Results B3GNT3 was upregulated in lung cancer, and B3GNT3 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. High expression of B3GNT3 was associated with advanced TNM stages, larger tumor size, tumor metastasis and recurrence. Functionally, we demonstrated that knockdown of B3GNT3 suppressed lung cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro. Knockdown of B3GNT3 suppressed lung cancer development in a xenograft tumor model. Moreover, miR-149-5p was validated to negatively regulate B3GNT3 expression through directly targeting B3GNT3 3ʹ-UTR. Overexpression of miR-149-5p could antagonize the tumorigenesis effect of B3GNT3 in vitro. Conclusion In summary, our study demonstrated that B3GNT3 overexpression was correlated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patient, indicating that B3GNT3 could be a promising prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. miR-149-5p negatively regulated B3GNT3 expression, which might be utilized for therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xian
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhou Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafu Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Role of keratan sulfate expression in human pancreatic cancer malignancy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9665. [PMID: 31273306 PMCID: PMC6609602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) is a sulfated linear polymer of N-acetyllactosamine. Proteoglycans carrying keratan sulfate epitopes were majorly observed in cornea, cartilage and brain; and mainly involved in embryonic development, cornea transparency, and wound healing process. Recently, expression of KS in cancer has been shown to be highly associated with advanced tumor grade and poor prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to identify the expression of KS epitope in human pancreatic cancer primary and metastatic tumor lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis of KS expression was performed on primary pancreatic tumors and metastatic tissues. We observed an increased expression of KS epitope on primary tumor tissues compared to uninvolved normal and tumor stroma; and is associated with worse overall survival. Moreover, lung metastatic tumors show a higher-level expression of KS compared to primary tumors. Interestingly, KS biosynthesis specific glycosyltransferases expression was differentially regulated in metastatic pancreatic tumors. Taken together, these results indicate that aberrant expression of KS is predictive of pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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14
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Llinàs-Arias P, Esteller M. Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor coding and non-coding genes in human cancer: an update. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170152. [PMID: 28931650 PMCID: PMC5627056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Gao L, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhu J, Chen C, Liu W. B3GNT3 overexpression is associated with unfavourable survival in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:642-647. [PMID: 29483137 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-3 (B3GNT3) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to investigate the relevance of B3GNT3 expression in tumour prognosis. METHODS In this study, B3GNT3 expression was examined in five pairs of resectable NSCLC tissue by Western blot and in 42 pairs of resectable NSCLC tissue by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis were performed to assess the relationship between B3GNT3 expression scores and clinicopathological parameters, as well as clinical prognosis in a retrospective cohort of 176 NSCLC patients. RESULTS Both B3GNT3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in NSCLC tissue than in adjacent normal tissue. In the 176 NSCLC cases, a high B3GNT3 expression level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and advanced TNM stage (P=0.043). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high B3GNT3 expression had significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) than those with low B3GNT3 expression. Moreover, in the multivariate analyses, B3GNT3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR 0.329, 95% CI 0.213 to 0.508, P<0.001) and OS (HR 0.383, 95% CI 0.249 to 0.588, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that high expression of B3GNT3 was associated with unfavourable DFS and OS in NSCLC patients, suggesting that B3GNT3 might be a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Gao
- Department of Lung Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Department of Lung Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiran Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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16
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Epigenetic Bases of Aberrant Glycosylation in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050998. [PMID: 28481247 PMCID: PMC5454911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the sugar portions of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans constitute the glycome, and the genes involved in their biosynthesis, degradation, transport and recognition are referred to as “glycogenes“. The extreme complexity of the glycome requires the regulatory layer to be provided by the epigenetic mechanisms. Almost all types of cancers present glycosylation aberrations, giving rise to phenotypic changes and to the expression of tumor markers. In this review, we discuss how cancer-associated alterations of promoter methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and miRNAs determine glycomic changes associated with the malignant phenotype. Usually, increased promoter methylation and miRNA expression induce glycogene silencing. However, treatment with demethylating agents sometimes results in silencing, rather than in a reactivation of glycogenes, suggesting the involvement of distant methylation-dependent regulatory elements. From a therapeutic perspective aimed at the normalization of the malignant glycome, it appears that miRNA targeting of cancer-deranged glycogenes can be a more specific and promising approach than the use of drugs, which broad target methylation/acetylation. A very specific type of glycosylation, the addition of GlcNAc to serine or threonine (O-GlcNAc), is not only regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, but is an epigenetic modifier of histones and transcription factors. Thus, glycosylation is both under the control of epigenetic mechanisms and is an integral part of the epigenetic code.
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17
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Fricke F, Lee J, Michalak M, Warnken U, Hausser I, Suarez-Carmona M, Halama N, Schnölzer M, Kopitz J, Gebert J. TGFBR2-dependent alterations of exosomal cargo and functions in DNA mismatch repair-deficient HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28376875 PMCID: PMC5379773 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancers (CRCs) that lack DNA mismatch repair function exhibit the microsatellite unstable (MSI) phenotype and are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations at short repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites). These tumors recurrently show inactivating frameshift mutations in the tumor suppressor Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type 2 (TGFBR2) thereby abrogating downstream signaling. How altered TGFBR2 signaling affects exosome-mediated communication between MSI tumor cells and their environment has not been resolved. Here, we report on molecular alterations of exosomes shed by MSI cells and the biological response evoked in recipient cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated and characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot analysis. TGFBR2-dependent effects on the cargo and functions of exosomes were studied in a MSI CRC model cell line enabling reconstituted and inducible TGFBR2 expression and signaling. Microsatellite frameshift mutations in exosomal and cellular DNA were examined by PCR-based DNA fragment analysis and exosomal protein profiles were identified by mass spectrometry. Uptake of fluorescent-labeled exosomes by hepatoma recipient cells was monitored by confocal microscopy. TGFBR2-dependent exosomal effects on secreted cytokine levels of recipient cells were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA. RESULTS Frameshift mutation patterns in microsatellite stretches of TGFBR2 and other MSI target genes were found to be reflected in the cargo of MSI CRC-derived exosomes. At the proteome level, reconstituted TGFBR2 expression and signaling uncovered two protein subsets exclusively occurring in exosomes derived from TGFBR2-deficient (14 proteins) or TGFBR2-proficient (five proteins) MSI donor cells. Uptake of these exosomes by recipient cells caused increased secretion (2-6 fold) of specific cytokines (Interleukin-4, Stem Cell Factor, Platelet-derived Growth Factor-B), depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of the tumor cell. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the coding MSI phenotype of DNA mismatch repair-deficient CRC cells is maintained in their exosomal DNA. Moreover, we uncovered that a recurrent MSI tumor driver mutation like TGFBR2 can reprogram the protein content of MSI cell-derived exosomes and in turn modulate the cytokine secretion profile of recipient cells. Apart from its diagnostic potential, these TGFBR2-dependent exosomal molecular and proteomic signatures might help to understand the signaling routes used by MSI tumors. Fricke et al. uncovered coding microsatellite instability-associated mutations of colorectal tumor driver genes like TGFBR2 in MSI tumor cellderived exosomes. Depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of their donor cells, shed exosomes show distinct proteomic signatures and promote altered cytokine secretion profiles in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Fricke
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Tissue Genesis, Suite 1000, Tissue Genesis Tower, 810 Richards Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Abu-Remaileh M, Bender S, Raddatz G, Ansari I, Cohen D, Gutekunst J, Musch T, Linhart H, Breiling A, Pikarsky E, Bergman Y, Lyko F. Chronic inflammation induces a novel epigenetic program that is conserved in intestinal adenomas and in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2120-30. [PMID: 25808873 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a major risk factor for tumor formation, but the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Epigenetic mechanisms can record the effects of environmental challenges on the genome level and could therefore play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated tumors. Using single-base methylation maps and transcriptome analyses of a colitis-induced mouse colon cancer model, we identified a novel epigenetic program that is characterized by hypermethylation of DNA methylation valleys that are characterized by low CpG density and active chromatin marks. This program is conserved and functional in mouse intestinal adenomas and results in silencing of active intestinal genes that are involved in gastrointestinal homeostasis and injury response. Further analyses reveal that the program represents a prominent feature of human colorectal cancer and can be used to correctly classify colorectal cancer samples with high accuracy. Together, our results show that inflammatory signals establish a novel epigenetic program that silences a specific set of genes that contribute to inflammation-induced cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sebastian Bender
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ihab Ansari
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daphne Cohen
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julian Gutekunst
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Musch
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Linhart
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Breiling
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Rosenblum JM, Wijetunga NA, Fazzari MJ, Krailo M, Barkauskas DA, Gorlick R, Greally JM. Predictive properties of DNA methylation patterns in primary tumor samples for osteosarcoma relapse status. Epigenetics 2015; 10:31-9. [PMID: 25531418 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.989084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children. Validated biological markers for disease prognosis available at diagnosis are lacking. No genome-wide DNA methylation studies linked to clinical outcomes have been reported in osteosarcoma to the best of our knowledge. To address this, we tested the methylome at over 1.1 million loci in 15 osteosarcoma biopsy samples obtained prior to the initiation of therapy and correlated these molecular data with disease outcomes. At more than 17% of the tested loci, samples obtained from patients who experienced disease relapse were more methylated than those from patients who did not have recurrence while patients who did not experience disease relapse had more DNA methylation at fewer than 1%. In samples from patients who went on to have recurrent disease, increased DNA methylation was found at gene bodies, intergenic regions and empirically-annotated candidate enhancers, whereas candidate gene promoters were unusual for a more balanced distribution of increased and decreased DNA methylation with 6.6% of gene promoter loci being more methylated and 2% of promoter loci being less methylated in patients with disease relapse. A locus at the TLR4 gene demonstrates one of strongest associations between DNA methylation and 5 y event-free survival (P-value = 1.7 × 10(-6)), with empirical annotation of this locus showing promoter characteristics. Our data indicate that DNA methylation information has the potential to be predictive of outcome in pediatric osteosarcoma, and that both promoters and non-promoter loci are potentially informative in DNA methylation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Rosenblum
- a Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine ; Bronx , NY USA
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Praissman JL, Live DH, Wang S, Ramiah A, Chinoy ZS, Boons GJ, Moremen KW, Wells L. B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for the LARGE-dependent functional glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. eLife 2014; 3:e03943. [PMID: 25279697 PMCID: PMC4227051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that mutations in B3GNT1, an enzyme proposed to be involved in poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis, were causal for congenital muscular dystrophy with hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (secondary dystroglycanopathies). Since defects in the O-mannosylation protein glycosylation pathway are primarily responsible for dystroglycanopathies and with no established O-mannose initiated structures containing a β3 linked GlcNAc known, we biochemically interrogated this human enzyme. Here we report this enzyme is not a β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase with catalytic activity towards β-galactose but rather a β-1,4-glucuronyltransferase, designated B4GAT1, towards both α- and β-anomers of xylose. The dual-activity LARGE enzyme is capable of extending products of B4GAT1 and we provide experimental evidence that B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for LARGE. Our results further define the functional O-mannosylated glycan structure and indicate that B4GAT1 is involved in the initiation of the LARGE-dependent repeating disaccharide that is necessary for extracellular matrix protein binding to O-mannosylated α-dystroglycan that is lacking in secondary dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Praissman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - David H Live
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Shuo Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Annapoorani Ramiah
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Zoeisha S Chinoy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
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