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Huang C, Seino J, Honda A, Fujihira H, Wu D, Okahara K, Kitazume S, Nakaya S, Kitajima K, Sato C, Suzuki T. Rat hepatocytes secrete free oligosaccharides. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105712. [PMID: 38309509 PMCID: PMC10912633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently established a method for the isolation of serum-free oligosaccharides, and characterized various features of their structures. However, the precise mechanism for how these glycans are formed still remains unclarified. To further investigate the mechanism responsible for these serum glycans, here, we utilized rat primary hepatocytes to examine whether they are able to secrete free glycans. Our findings indicated that a diverse array of free oligosaccharides such as sialyl/neutral free N-glycans (FNGs), as well as sialyl lactose/LacNAc-type glycans, were secreted into the culture medium by primary hepatocytes. The structural features of these free glycans in the medium were similar to those isolated from the sera of the same rat. Further evidence suggested that an oligosaccharyltransferase is involved in the release of the serum-free N-glycans. Our results indicate that the liver is indeed secreting various types of free glycans directly into the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Huang
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Seino
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Honda
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fujihira
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyohei Okahara
- Discovery Concept Validation Function, KAN Research Institute, Inc, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakaya
- Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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2
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Li ST, Hirayama H, Huang C, Matsuda T, Oka R, Yamasaki T, Kohda D, Suzuki T. Hydrolytic activity of yeast oligosaccharyltransferase is enhanced when misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS J 2024; 291:884-896. [PMID: 37997624 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is known that oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) has hydrolytic activity toward dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLO), which results in the formation of free N-glycans (FNGs), i.e. unconjugated oligosaccharides with structural features similar to N-glycans. The functional importance of this hydrolytic reaction, however, remains unknown. In this study, the hydrolytic activity of OST was characterized in yeast. It was shown that the hydrolytic activity of OST is enhanced in ubiquitin ligase mutants that are involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Interestingly, this enhanced hydrolysis activity is completely suppressed in asparagine-linked glycosylation (alg) mutants, bearing mutations related to the biosynthesis of DLO, indicating that the effect of ubiquitin ligase on OST-mediated hydrolysis is context-dependent. The enhanced hydrolysis activity in ubiquitin ligase mutants was also found to be canceled upon treatment of the cells with dithiothreitol, a reagent that potently induces protein unfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our results clearly suggest that the hydrolytic activity of OST is enhanced under conditions in which the formation of unfolded proteins is promoted in the ER in yeast. The possible role of FNGs on protein folding is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Li
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsugiyo Matsuda
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oka
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kohda
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Sugiura K, Kawai Y, Yamamoto A, Yoshioka H, Kiyohara Y, Iida A, Ozawa Y, Nishikawa M, Miura N, Hanamatsu H, Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y. Exposure to brefeldin A induces unusual expression of hybrid- and complex-type free N-glycans in HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130331. [PMID: 36804277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of brefeldin A (BFA) on the free N-glycomic profile of HepG2 cells to better understand the effect of blocking intracellular vesicle formation and transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. A series of exoglycosidase- and endoglycosidase-assisted analyses clarified the complex nature of altered glycomic profiles. A key feature of BFA-mediated alterations in Gn2-type glycans was the expression of unusual hybrid-, monoantennary- and complex-type free N-glycans (FNGs). BFA-mediated alterations in Gn1-type glycans were characterized by the expression of unusual hybrid- and monoantennary-FNGs, without significant expression of complex-type FNGs. A time course analysis revealed that sialylated hybrid- and complex-type Gn2-type FNGs were generated later than asialo-Gn2-type FNGs, and the expression profiles of Gn2-type FNGs and N-glycans were found to be similar, suggesting that the metabolic flux of FNGs is the same as that of protein-bound N-glycans. Subcellular glycomic analysis revealed that almost all FNGs were detected in the cytoplasmic extracts. Our data suggest that hybrid-, monoantennary- and complex-type Gn2-type FNGs were cleaved from glycoproteins in the cytosol by cytosolic PNGase, and subsequently digested by cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) to generate Gn1-type FNGs. The substrate specificity of ENGase explains the limited expression of complex Gn1 type FNGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sugiura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yuho Kawai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Yuika Kiyohara
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Iida
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yurika Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Mai Nishikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miura
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita21, Nishi11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita21, Nishi11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan.
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4
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Melo Diaz JM, Moran AB, Peel SR, Hendel JL, Spencer DIR. Egg yolk sialylglycopeptide: purification, isolation and characterization of N-glycans from minor glycopeptide species. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4905-4914. [PMID: 35593095 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialylglycopeptide (SGP) is a readily available naturally occurring glycopeptide obtained from hen egg yolk which is now commercially available. During SGP extraction, other minor glycopeptide species are identified, bearing N-glycan structures that might be of interest, such as asymmetrically branched and triantennary glycans. As the scale of SGP production increases, recovery of minor glycopeptides and their N-glycans can become more feasible. In this paper, we aim to provide structural characterization of the N-glycans derived from these minor glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mauricio Melo Diaz
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, Abingdon, UK. .,Department of Chemistry Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan B Moran
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, Abingdon, UK. .,Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon R Peel
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, Abingdon, UK.
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5
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Increased levels of acidic free-N-glycans, including multi-antennary and fucosylated structures, in the urine of cancer patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266927. [PMID: 35413075 PMCID: PMC9004742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported increased levels of urinary free-glycans in some cancer patients. Here, we focused on cancer related alterations in the levels of high molecular weight free-glycans. The rationale for this study was that branching, elongation, fucosylation and sialylation, which lead to increases in the molecular weight of glycans, are known to be up-regulated in cancer. Urine samples from patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer and normal controls were analyzed. The extracted free-glycans were fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine and analyzed by multi-step liquid chromatography. Comparison of the glycan profiles revealed increased levels of glycans in some cancer patients. Structural analysis of the glycans was carried out by performing chromatography and mass spectrometry together with enzymatic or chemical treatments. To compare glycan levels between samples with high sensitivity and selectivity, simultaneous measurements by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-selected ion monitoring of mass spectrometry were also performed. As a result, three lactose-core glycans and 78 free-N-glycans (one phosphorylated oligomannose-type, four sialylated hybrid-type and 73 bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary complex-type structures) were identified. Among them, glycans with α1,3-fucosylation ((+/− sialyl) Lewis X), triply α2,6-sialylated tri-antennary structures and/or a (Man3)GlcNAc1-core displayed elevated levels in cancer patients. However, simple α2,3-sialylation and α1,6-core-fucosylation did not appear to contribute to the observed increase in the level of glycans. Interestingly, one tri-antennary free-N-glycan that showed remarkable elevation in some cancer patients contained a unique Glcβ1-4GlcNAc-core instead of the common GlcNAc2-core at the reducing end. This study provides further insights into free-glycans as potential tumor markers and their processing pathways in cancer.
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6
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Huang C, Seino J, Fujihira H, Sato K, Fujinawa R, Sumer-Bayraktar Z, Ishii N, Matsuo I, Nakaya S, Suzuki T. Occurrence of free N-glycans with a single GlcNAc at the reducing termini in animal sera. Glycobiology 2021; 32:314-332. [PMID: 34939097 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated the occurrence of sialyl free N-glycans (FNGs) in sera from a variety of animals. Unlike the intracellular FNGs that mainly carry a single N-acetylglucosamine at their reducing termini (Gn1-type), these extra-cellular FNGs have an N,N'-diacetylchitobiose at their reducing termini (Gn2-type). The detailed mechanism for how they are formed, however, remains unclarified. In this study, we report on an improved method for isolating FNGs from sera and found that, not only sialyl FNGs, but also neutral FNGs are present in animal sera. Most of the neutral oligomannose-type FNGs were found to be Gn1-type. We also found that a small portion of sialyl FNGs were Gn1-type. The ratio of Gn1-type sialyl FNGs varies between species, and appears to be partially correlated with the distribution of lysosomal chitobiase activity. We also identified small sialylated glycans similar to milk oligosaccharides, such as sialyl lactose or sialyl N-acetyllactosamine in sera. Our results indicate that there are variety of free oligosaccharides in sera and the mechanism responsible for their formation is more complicated than currently envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Huang
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junichi Seino
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fujihira
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 133-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Reiko Fujinawa
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakaya
- Global Application Development Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN-Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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7
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Katsube M, Ebara N, Maeda M, Kimura Y. Cytosolic Free N-Glycans Are Retro-Transported Into the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plant Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:610124. [PMID: 33537045 PMCID: PMC7847903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, free N-glycans (FNGs) are produced from misfolded nascent glycoproteins via the combination of the cytosolic peptide N-glycanase (cPNGase) and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) in the plant cytosol. The resulting high-mannose type (HMT)-FNGs, which carry one GlcNAc residue at the reducing end (GN1-FNGs), are ubiquitously found in developing plant cells. In a previous study, we found that HMT-FNGs assisted in protein folding and inhibited β-amyloid fibril formation, suggesting a possible biofunction of FNGs involved in the protein folding system. However, whether these HMT-FNGs occur in the ER, an organelle involved in protein folding, remained unclear. On the contrary, we also reported the presence of plant complex type (PCT)-GN1-FNGs, which carry the Lewisa epitope at the non-reducing end, indicating that these FNGs had been fully processed in the Golgi apparatus. Since plant ENGase was active toward HMT-N-glycans but not PCT-N-glycans that carry β1-2xylosyl and/or α1-3 fucosyl residue(s), these PCT-GN1-FNGs did not appear to be produced from fully processed glycoproteins that harbored PCT-N-glycans via ENGase activity. Interestingly, PCT-GN1-FNGs were found in the extracellular space, suggesting that HMT-GN1-FNGs formed in the cytosol might be transported back to the ER and processed in the Golgi apparatus through the protein secretion pathway. As the first step in elucidating the production mechanism of PCT-GN1-FNGs, we analyzed the structures of free oligosaccharides in plant microsomes and proved that HMT-FNGs (Man9-7GlcNAc1 and Man9-8GlcNAc2) could be found in microsomes, which almost consist of the ER compartments.
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9
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Mátyás B, Singer J, Szarka M, Lowy DA, Döncző B, Makleit P, Failoc-Rojas VE, Ramirez A, Martínez P, Sándor Z, Kincses I, Guttman A. Determination of complex type free, non-conjugated oligosaccharide glucose unit values in tomato xylem sap for early detection of nutrient deficiency. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:200-205. [PMID: 33128395 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although knowledge on glycan biosynthesis and processing is continuously maturing, there are still a limited number of studies that examine biological functions of N-glycan structures in plants, which remain virtually unknown. Here, the statistical correlation between nutrient (nitrogen) deficiency symptoms of crops and changes in 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS)-labeled complex type free oligosaccharides is reported. While deficiency symptoms are predicted by multispectral images and Kjeldahl digestion, APTS-labeled complex type free oligosaccharides are identified by their glucose unit (GU) values in tomato xylem sap, using capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Given the limited number of structures obtained from plants, archived in the literature, in the future, it is intended to create an open access database of promising indicators, namely, glycan structures that are presumably responsible for the nutrient deficiency caused stress in plants (http://glycoplants.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Mátyás
- Genesis Sustainable Future Ltd., 33 Rákóczi St., Sárospatak, B-A-Z, H-3950, Hungary.,Research Group of Applied Plant Glycobiology, Dama Research Center limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Máté Szarka
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary.,Vitrolink Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniel A Lowy
- Genesis Sustainable Future Ltd., 33 Rákóczi St., Sárospatak, B-A-Z, H-3950, Hungary.,Research Group of Applied Plant Glycobiology, Dama Research Center limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Northern Virginia Community College, Alxandria, VA, USA
| | | | - Péter Makleit
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrés Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología - CIITT, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología - CIITT, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues, Ecuador
| | - Zsolt Sándor
- Research Group of Applied Plant Glycobiology, Dama Research Center limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ida Kincses
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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10
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Hanzawa K, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Murakami H, Mukai M, Takahashi H, Omori T, Ikezawa K, Ohkawa K, Ohue M, Miyamoto Y. Investigation of acidic free-glycans in urine and their alteration in cancer. Glycobiology 2020; 31:391-409. [PMID: 33135073 PMCID: PMC8091460 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to glycans in cancer patients have been used to identify novel tumor biomarkers. Most of these studies have focused on protein glycosylation but less attention has been paid to free-glycans. Here, we analyzed acidic free-glycans in the urine of cancer patients to identify novel tumor marker candidates. Specifically, urine samples were collected from patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma as well as normal controls. The free-glycans were extracted from creatinine-adjusted urine and fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine. Initially, we performed profiling of urinary free-glycans by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with enzymatic and chemical degradation. More than 100 glycans, including novel structures, were identified. The chromatographic peaks suggested some of these glycans were present at elevated levels in cancer patients. To verify cancer-associated alterations, we compared the glycan levels between cancer patients and normal controls by selected reaction monitoring. Representative structures of glycans with elevated levels in cancer patients included the following: small glycans related to sialyllactose; sialyl Lewis X; lactose- and N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) type-II-core glycans with LacNAc (type-I or II)-extensions and modifications of α1,3/4-fucose and/or 6-sulfate on the Glc/GlcNAc; free-N-glycans containing sialylation or β1,6-branch of 6-sulfo Lewis X; novel NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(+/−Fucα1-3) Xylα1-3Glc glycans. Our results provide further insight into urinary free-glycans and suggest the potential utility of these compounds as tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hanzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Miki Tanaka-Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroko Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Mukai
- Department of Medical Checkup, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikezawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohkawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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Miyoshi E, Kamada Y, Suzuki T. Functional glycomics: Application to medical science and hepatology. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:153-164. [PMID: 31750967 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics refers to the comprehensive analysis of glycans. Recent progress in glycotechnology enables the determination of a variety of biological functions of glycans. Among different glycosylation patterns, certain types of aberrant glycosylation are linked to cancer and/or inflammation, and thus have biological importance. Glycotechnology has been applied to many fields of medical science, including hepatology. In particular, dramatic changes in glycosylation are observed in the progression of liver diseases. As the liver produces so many serum glycoproteins, changes in glycosylation of these proteins might provide useful disease biomarkers. Furthermore, many patients with genetic diseases of glycosylation who have liver dysfunction have been found as a result from whole genome sequencing, and various kinds of glycotherapy have been developed, especially in immunotherapy. In this review, we describe our basic knowledge of glycobiology and discuss the application of these data to medical science, especially hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Wako, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Noro D, Yoneyama T, Hatakeyama S, Tobisawa Y, Mori K, Hashimoto Y, Koie T, Tanaka M, Nishimura SI, Sasaki H, Saito M, Harada H, Chikaraishi T, Ishida H, Tanabe K, Satoh S, Ohyama C. Serum Aberrant N-Glycan Profile as a Marker Associated with Early Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Patients Receiving a Living Donor Kidney Transplant. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081731. [PMID: 28786963 PMCID: PMC5578121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined if the serum N-glycan profile can be used as a diagnostic marker of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in living donor kidney transplant (LKTx) recipients. Glycoblotting, combined with mass spectrometry, was used to retrospectively examine N-glycan levels in the postoperative sera of 197 LKTx recipients of whom 16 recipients had ABMR with or without T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), 40 recipients had TCMR, and 141 recipients had no adverse events. Multivariate discriminant analysis for prediction of ABMR was performed by inputting an ABMR event as an explanatory variable and sex, age, and serum N-glycan level as objective variables. The N-glycan score was calculated by multiplying the level of candidate objective variables by objective function values. The ABMR predictive performance of the N-glycan score was assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier curve analyses. The N-glycan score discriminated ABMR with 81.25% sensitivity, 87.85% specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.892 that was far superior to that of preformed donor-specific antibody status (AUC, 0.761). Recipients with N-glycan-positive scores >0.8770 had significantly shorter ABMR survival than that of recipients with N-glycan-negative scores. Although the limitations of our study includ its small sample size and retrospective nature, the serum N-glycan score may contribute to prediction of ABMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Noro
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Mori
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Takuya Koie
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hideo Sasaki
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo 060-8611, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Chikaraishi
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo-Woman's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo-Woman's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Satoh
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
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13
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Narita T, Hatakeyama S, Yoneyama T, Narita S, Yamashita S, Mitsuzuka K, Sakurai T, Kawamura S, Tochigi T, Takahashi I, Nakaji S, Tobisawa Y, Yamamoto H, Koie T, Tsuchiya N, Habuchi T, Arai Y, Ohyama C. Clinical implications of serum N-glycan profiling as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in germ-cell tumors. Cancer Med 2017; 6:739-748. [PMID: 28317343 PMCID: PMC5387168 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum biomarker monitoring is essential for management of germ‐cell tumors (GCT). However, not all GCT are positive for conventional tumor markers. We examined whether serum N‐glycan‐based biomarkers can be applied for detection and prognosis in patients with GCT. We performed a comprehensive N‐glycan structural analysis of sera from 54 untreated GCT patients and 103 age‐adjusted healthy volunteers using glycoblotting methods and mass spectrometry. Candidate N‐glycans were selected from those with the highest association; cutoff concentration values were established, and an N‐glycan score was created based on the number of positive N‐glycans present. The validity of this score for diagnosis and prognosis was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We identified five candidate N‐glycans significantly associated with GCT patients. The accuracy of the N‐glycan score for GCT was significant with an area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) value of 0.87. Diagnostically, the N‐glycan score detected 10 of 12 (83%) patients with negative conventional tumor markers. Prognostically, the N‐glycan score comprised four candidate N‐glycans. The predictive value of the prognostic N‐glycan score was significant, with an AUC value of 0.89. A high value prognostic N‐glycan score was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Finally, to identify a potential carrier protein, immunoglobulin (Ig) fractions of sera were subjected to N‐glycan analysis and compared to whole sera. Candidate N‐glycans in Ig‐fractions were significantly decreased; therefore, the carrier protein for candidate N‐glycans is likely not an immunoglobulin. In summary, our newly developed N‐glycan score seems to be a practical diagnostic and prognostic method for GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Narita
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Tochigi
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Koie
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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14
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Oikawa M, Hatakeyama S, Yoneyma T, Tobisawa Y, Narita T, Yamamoto H, Hashimoto Y, Koie T, Narita S, Sasaki A, Tsuchiya N, Habuchi T, Takahashi I, Nakaji S, Ohyama C. Significance of Serum N-glycan Profiling as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Urothelial Carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 4:405-411. [PMID: 28753809 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) relies on invasive methods in patients with hematuria. Although more sensitive and noninvasive screening methods are required, a specific serum biomarker for UC is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine whether serum glycan-based biomarkers can be applied to UC detection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between April 1994 and June 2016, serum N-glycan concentrations were retrospectively measured in 212 patients with UC before treatment (UC group) and 212 pair-matched controls using glycoblotting and mass spectrometry. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS N-glycan levels were compared between the groups using receiver operating characteristic curves to select candidate N-glycans. We created an N-glycan score based on the combination of candidate N-glycans. The specificity and sensitivity of the candidate N-glycan score were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The N-glycan score was calculated using six N-glycans (m/z 1566, m/z 1687, m/z 1769, m/z 1871, m/z 2011, and m/z 2337) that were significantly associated with UC. The median N-glycan score was significantly higher in the UC group than in the pair-matched control group (5.0 vs 1.0, p<0.001). The N-glycan score correctly classified UC patients with a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 93%, 81%, and 0.95, respectively. The limitations of our study included its retrospective nature and nonclinical setting. CONCLUSIONS Serum N-glycan content has the potential to be a specific and sensitive novel serum biomarker that may improve the accuracy of the detection for UC and reduce unnecessary invasive screening. Validation of this test in a large-scale prospective study is needed. PATIENT SUMMARY Combination of serum N-glycan (N-glycan score) is a novel serum marker for urothelial carcinoma that is expressed by 93% of patients and thus is far more sensitive than classic urine cytology. Validation in a large patient cohort is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Oikawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yoneyma
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuma Narita
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Koie
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Urology, Tsugaru General Hospital, Tsugaru, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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15
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Catabolism of N-glycoproteins in mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and genetic disorders related to the processes. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Varki A. Biological roles of glycans. Glycobiology 2016; 27:3-49. [PMID: 27558841 PMCID: PMC5884436 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1458] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to host glycans has also been studied for decades. But such biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature. Reviewing the subject about two decades ago, one could find very few clear-cut instances of glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them. In striking contrast there is now a profusion of examples, such that this updated review cannot be comprehensive. Instead, a historical overview is presented, broad principles outlined and a few examples cited, representing diverse types of roles, mediated by various glycan classes, in different evolutionary lineages. What remains unchanged is the fact that while all theories regarding biological roles of glycans are supported by compelling evidence, exceptions to each can be found. In retrospect, this is not surprising. Complex and diverse glycans appear to be ubiquitous to all cells in nature, and essential to all life forms. Thus, >3 billion years of evolution consistently generated organisms that use these molecules for many key biological roles, even while sometimes coopting them for minor functions. In this respect, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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