1
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Gu Y, Liu M, Ma L, Quinn RJ. Advancing Kir4.2 Channel Ligand Identification through Collision-Induced Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:763-773. [PMID: 38449446 PMCID: PMC10949200 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The inwardly rectifying potassium Kir4.2 channel plays a crucial role in regulating membrane potentials and maintaining potassium homeostasis. Kir4.2 has been implicated in various physiological processes, including insulin secretion, gastric acid regulation, and the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. Despite its significance, the number of identified ligands for Kir4.2 remains limited. In this study, we established a method to directly observe ligands avoiding a requirement to observe the high-mass ligand-membrane protein-detergent complexes. This method used collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS) to identify ligands dissociated from the Kir4.2 channel-detergent complex. The CIAS-MS approach integrated all stages of affinity selection within the mass spectrometer, offering advantages in terms of time efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, we explored the effect of collisional voltage ramps on the dissociation behavior of the ligand and the ligand at different concentrations, demonstrating dose dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Gu
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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2
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Gu Y, Liu M, Ma L, Quinn RJ. Identification of Ligands for Ion Channels: TRPM2. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300790. [PMID: 38242853 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium-permeable, nonselective cation channel with a widespread distribution throughout the body. It is involved in many pathological and physiological processes, making it a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancers. New analytical techniques are beneficial for gaining a deeper understanding of its involvement in disease pathogenesis and for advancing the drug discovery for TRPM2-related diseases. In this work, we present the application of collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS) for the direct identification of ligands binding to TRPM2. CIAS-MS circumvents the need for high mass detection typically associated with mass spectrometry of large membrane proteins. Instead, it focuses on the detection of small molecules dissociated from the ligand-protein-detergent complexes. This affinity selection approach consolidates all affinity selection steps within the mass spectrometer, resulting in a streamlined process. We showed the direct identification of a known TRPM2 ligand dissociated from the protein-ligand complex. We demonstrated that CIAS-MS can identify binding ligands from complex mixtures of compounds and screened a compound library against TRPM2. We investigated the impact of voltage increments and ligand concentrations on the dissociation behavior of the binding ligand, revealing a dose-dependent relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Gu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, N34 1.29, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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3
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Nguyen L, McCord KA, Bui DT, Bouwman KM, Kitova EN, Elaish M, Kumawat D, Daskhan GC, Tomris I, Han L, Chopra P, Yang TJ, Willows SD, Mason AL, Mahal LK, Lowary TL, West LJ, Hsu STD, Hobman T, Tompkins SM, Boons GJ, de Vries RP, Macauley MS, Klassen JS. Sialic acid-containing glycolipids mediate binding and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:81-90. [PMID: 34754101 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that host glycans influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we reveal that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein on SARS-CoV-2 recognizes oligosaccharides containing sialic acid (Sia), with preference for monosialylated gangliosides. Gangliosides embedded within an artificial membrane also bind to the RBD. The monomeric affinities (Kd = 100-200 μM) of gangliosides for the RBD are similar to another negatively charged glycan ligand of the RBD proposed as a viral co-receptor, heparan sulfate (HS) dp2-dp6 oligosaccharides. RBD binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells is decreased following depletion of cell surface Sia levels using three approaches: sialyltransferase (ST) inhibition, genetic knockout of Sia biosynthesis, or neuraminidase treatment. These effects on RBD binding and both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viral entry are recapitulated with pharmacological or genetic disruption of glycolipid biosynthesis. Together, these results suggest that sialylated glycans, specifically glycolipids, facilitate viral entry of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelli A McCord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim M Bouwman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohamed Elaish
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Poultry Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dhanraj Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gour C Daskhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tzu-Jing Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steven D Willows
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew L Mason
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lori J West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tom Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen M Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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4
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Norovirus-glycan interactions - how strong are they really? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:347-359. [PMID: 34940787 PMCID: PMC9022987 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human noroviruses requires attachment to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) via the major capsid protein VP1 as a primary step. Several crystal structures of VP1 protruding domain dimers, so called P-dimers, complexed with different HBGAs have been solved to atomic resolution. Corresponding binding affinities have been determined for HBGAs and other glycans exploiting different biophysical techniques, with mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy being most widely used. However, reported binding affinities are inconsistent. At the extreme, for the same system MS detects binding whereas NMR spectroscopy does not, suggesting a fundamental source of error. In this short essay, we will explain the reason for the observed differences and compile reliable and reproducible binding affinities. We will then highlight how a combination of MS techniques and NMR experiments affords unique insights into the process of HBGA binding by norovirus capsid proteins.
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5
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Protein Secondary Structure Affects Glycan Clustering in Native Mass Spectrometry. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060554. [PMID: 34208397 PMCID: PMC8231113 DOI: 10.3390/life11060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by the humannoroviruses (hNoV), for the vast majority of strains, requires attachment of the viral capsid to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs). The HBGA-binding pocket is formed by dimers of the protruding domain (P dimers) of the capsid protein VP1. Several studies have focused on HBGA binding to P dimers, reporting binding affinities and stoichiometries. However, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and native mass spectrometry (MS) analyses yielded incongruent dissociation constants (KD) for the binding of HBGAs to P dimers and, in some cases, disagreed on whether glycans bind at all. We hypothesized that glycan clustering during electrospray ionization in native MS critically depends on the physicochemical properties of the protein studied. It follows that the choice of a reference protein is crucial. We analysed carbohydrate clustering using various P dimers and eight non-glycan binding proteins serving as possible references. Data from native and ion mobility MS indicate that the mass fraction of β-sheets has a strong influence on the degree of glycan clustering. Therefore, the determination of specific glycan binding affinities from native MS must be interpreted cautiously.
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6
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Dülfer J, Yan H, Brodmerkel MN, Creutznacher R, Mallagaray A, Peters T, Caleman C, Marklund EG, Uetrecht C. Glycan-Induced Protein Dynamics in Human Norovirus P Dimers Depend on Virus Strain and Deamidation Status. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082125. [PMID: 33917179 PMCID: PMC8067865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis and re-emerge worldwide every year, with GII.4 currently being the most frequent human genotype. The norovirus capsid protein VP1 is essential for host immune response. The P domain mediates cell attachment via histo blood-group antigens (HBGAs) in a strain-dependent manner but how these glycan-interactions actually relate to cell entry remains unclear. Here, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is used to investigate glycan-induced protein dynamics in P dimers of different strains, which exhibit high structural similarity but different prevalence in humans. While the almost identical strains GII.4 Saga and GII.4 MI001 share glycan-induced dynamics, the dynamics differ in the emerging GII.17 Kawasaki 308 and rare GII.10 Vietnam 026 strain. The structural aspects of glycan binding to fully deamidated GII.4 P dimers have been investigated before. However, considering the high specificity and half-life of N373D under physiological conditions, large fractions of partially deamidated virions with potentially altered dynamics in their P domains are likely to occur. Therefore, we also examined glycan binding to partially deamidated GII.4 Saga and GII.4 MI001 P dimers. Such mixed species exhibit increased exposure to solvent in the P dimer upon glycan binding as opposed to pure wildtype. Furthermore, deamidated P dimers display increased flexibility and a monomeric subpopulation. Our results indicate that glycan binding induces strain-dependent structural dynamics, which are further altered by N373 deamidation, and hence hint at a complex role of deamidation in modulating glycan-mediated cell attachment in GII.4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Dülfer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hao Yan
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Maxim N. Brodmerkel
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.N.B.); (E.G.M.)
| | - Robert Creutznacher
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik G. Marklund
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.N.B.); (E.G.M.)
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.D.); (H.Y.)
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
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7
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NMR Experiments Shed New Light on Glycan Recognition by Human and Murine Norovirus Capsid Proteins. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030416. [PMID: 33807801 PMCID: PMC8001558 DOI: 10.3390/v13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan–protein interactions are highly specific yet transient, rendering glycans ideal recognition signals in a variety of biological processes. In human norovirus (HuNoV) infection, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) play an essential but poorly understood role. For murine norovirus infection (MNV), sialylated glycolipids or glycoproteins appear to be important. It has also been suggested that HuNoV capsid proteins bind to sialylated ganglioside head groups. Here, we study the binding of HBGAs and sialoglycans to HuNoV and MNV capsid proteins using NMR experiments. Surprisingly, the experiments show that none of the norovirus P-domains bind to sialoglycans. Notably, MNV P-domains do not bind to any of the glycans studied, and MNV-1 infection of cells deficient in surface sialoglycans shows no significant difference compared to cells expressing respective glycans. These findings redefine glycan recognition by noroviruses, challenging present models of infection.
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8
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Báez Bolivar EG, Bui DT, Kitova EN, Han L, Zheng RB, Luber EJ, Sayed SY, Mahal LK, Klassen JS. Submicron Emitters Enable Reliable Quantification of Weak Protein-Glycan Interactions by ESI-MS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4231-4239. [PMID: 33630563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between carbohydrates (glycans) and glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) regulate a wide variety of important biological processes. However, the affinities of most monovalent glycan-GBP complexes are typically weak (dissociation constant (Kd) > μM) and difficult to reliably measure with conventional assays; consequently, the glycan specificities of most GBPs are not well established. Here, we demonstrate how electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), implemented with nanoflow ESI emitters with inner diameters of ∼50 nm, allows for the facile quantification of low-affinity glycan-GBP interactions. The small size of the droplets produced from these submicron emitters effectively eliminates the formation of nonspecific glycan-GBP binding (false positives) during the ESI process up to ∼mM glycan concentrations. Thus, interactions with affinities as low as ∼5 mM can be measured directly from the mass spectrum. The general suppression of nonspecific adducts (including nonvolatile buffers and salts) achieved with these tips enables ESI-MS glycan affinity measurements to be performed on C-type lectins, a class of GBPs that bind glycans in a calcium-dependent manner and are important regulators of immune response. At physiologically relevant calcium ion concentrations (2-3 mM), the extent of Ca2+ nonspecific adduct formation observed using the submicron emitters is dramatically suppressed, allowing glycan affinities, and the influence of Ca2+ thereon, to be measured. Finally, we show how the use of submicron emitters and suppression of nonspecific binding enable the quantification of labile (prone to in-source dissociation) glycan-GBP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick G Báez Bolivar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Ruixiang B Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Erik J Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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9
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LILBID laser dissociation curves: a mass spectrometry-based method for the quantitative assessment of dsDNA binding affinities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20398. [PMID: 33230224 PMCID: PMC7683618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One current goal in native mass spectrometry is the assignment of binding affinities to noncovalent complexes. Here we introduce a novel implementation of the existing laser-induced liquid bead ion desorption (LILBID) mass spectrometry method: this new method, LILBID laser dissociation curves, assesses binding strengths quantitatively. In all LILBID applications, aqueous sample droplets are irradiated by 3 µm laser pulses. Variation of the laser energy transferred to the droplet during desorption affects the degree of complex dissociation. In LILBID laser dissociation curves, laser energy transfer is purposely varied, and a binding affinity is calculated from the resulting complex dissociation. A series of dsDNAs with different binding affinities was assessed using LILBID laser dissociation curves. The binding affinity results from the LILBID laser dissociation curves strongly correlated with the melting temperatures from UV melting curves and with dissociation constants from isothermal titration calorimetry, standard solution phase methods. LILBID laser dissociation curve data also showed good reproducibility and successfully predicted the melting temperatures and dissociation constants of three DNA sequences. LILBID laser dissociation curves are a promising native mass spectrometry binding affinity method, with reduced time and sample consumption compared to melting curves or titrations.
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10
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Kim CH. Viral Protein Interaction with Host Cells GSLs. GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS SIGNALING 2020:53-92. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5807-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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11
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Kitov PI, Kitova EN, Han L, Li Z, Jung J, Rodrigues E, Hunter CD, Cairo CW, Macauley MS, Klassen JS. A quantitative, high-throughput method identifies protein-glycan interactions via mass spectrometry. Commun Biol 2019; 2:268. [PMID: 31341967 PMCID: PMC6646405 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan binding by glycan-binding proteins and processing by carbohydrate-active enzymes is implicated in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Comprehensive mapping of glycan interactions is essential to understanding of glycan-mediated biology and can guide the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we introduce the competitive universal proxy receptor assay (CUPRA), which combines electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, competitive binding and heterobifunctional glycan-based ligands to give a quantitative high-throughput method for screening glycan libraries against glycan-binding and glycan-processing proteins. Application of the assay to human (siglec-2), plant (Sambucus nigra and Maackia amurensis lectins) and bacterial (cholera toxin, and family 51 carbohydrate binding module) proteins allowed for the identification of ligands with affinities (Kd) ≤ 1 mM. The assay is unprecedentedly versatile and can be applied to natural libraries and, when implemented in a time-resolved manner, provides a quantitative measure of the activities and substrate specificity of carbohydrate-active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I. Kitov
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Elena N. Kitova
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Ling Han
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Emily Rodrigues
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Matthew S. Macauley
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - John S. Klassen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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12
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Bücher KS, Yan H, Creutznacher R, Ruoff K, Mallagaray A, Grafmüller A, Dirks JS, Kilic T, Weickert S, Rubailo A, Drescher M, Schmidt S, Hansman G, Peters T, Uetrecht C, Hartmann L. Fucose-Functionalized Precision Glycomacromolecules Targeting Human Norovirus Capsid Protein. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3714-3724. [PMID: 30071731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus infection is the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans and has been the subject of numerous studies investigating the virus's biophysical properties and biochemical function with the aim of deriving novel and highly potent entry inhibitors to prevent infection. Recently, it has been shown that the protruding P domain dimer (P-dimer) of a GII.10 Norovirus strain exhibits two new binding sites for l-fucose in addition to the canonical binding sites. Thus, these sites provide a novel target for the design of multivalent fucose ligands as entry inhibitors of norovirus infections. In this current study, a first generation of multivalent fucose-functionalized glycomacromolecules was synthesized and applied as model structures to investigate the potential targeting of fucose binding sites in human norovirus P-dimer. Following previously established solid phase polymer synthesis, eight precision glycomacromolecules varying in number and position of fucose ligands along an oligo(amidoamine) backbone were obtained and then used in a series of binding studies applying native MS, NMR, and X-ray crystallography. We observed only one fucose per glycomacromolecule binding to one P-dimer resulting in similar binding affinities for all fucose-functionalized glycomacromolecules, which based on our current findings we attribute to the overall size of macromolecular ligands and possibly to steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Susanne Bücher
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Hao Yan
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Robert Creutznacher
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Kerstin Ruoff
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Department of Theory and Bio-Systems , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Jan Sebastian Dirks
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Turgay Kilic
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sabrina Weickert
- University of Konstanz , Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Anna Rubailo
- University of Konstanz , Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- University of Konstanz , Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Grant Hansman
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany.,European XFEL GmbH , Schenefeld , Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
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