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Braun V, Clarke V. A critical review of the reporting of reflexive thematic analysis in Health Promotion International. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae049. [PMID: 38805676 PMCID: PMC11132294 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Using the concept of methodological congruence-where the different elements of a study 'fit' together-we explore both problematic and good practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis (TA) as reported in Health Promotion International (HPI). Aligning with the importance we place on 'owning your perspectives' we situate this exploration in relation to our understanding of the variation in approaches to TA and qualitative research more broadly. This contextualization is necessary for highlighting why we judge practices to be in/congruent, and to facilitate more knowing congruence in future research. We critically reviewed a 'sample' of 31 papers published in HPI between 2010 and 2023 citing Braun and Clarke as reference for TA. We overview a range of problematic and good features of the use of TA in HPI, before focusing on two domains that seemed to present key challenges: theory and themes. Methodological incongruence can occur when postpositivist values and practices unwittingly creep into ostensibly non-positivist TA; we encourage thoughtfully and what we term 'knowing' consideration of theory, and quality practices and criteria. Methodological incongruence can also occur through mismatched conceptualizations of themes-notably, the use of 'topic summaries' as themes for reflexive TA (and fragmented thematic structures with 'thin' themes). We provide examples from the reviewed papers to demonstrate good practice in researcher reflexivity, articulation of theoretical and methodological frameworks and congruent themes. However, mindful of power dynamics, we only discuss problematic practice in general terms, to protect author anonymity. To facilitate thoughtful, quality TA-of all kinds-we provide eight pointers for researchers (and reviewers) to guide quality practice, and facilitate the use of concepts, procedures and criteria that promote knowing methodological congruence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Braun
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre 1142, New Zealand
| | - Victoria Clarke
- School of Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Tugault-Lafleur CN, Naylor PJ, Carson V, Faulkner G, Lau EY, Wolfenden L, Mâsse LC. Factors associated with physical activity policy and practice implementation in British Columbia's childcare settings: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1651. [PMID: 37644564 PMCID: PMC10463809 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016-17, the government of British Columbia (BC) enacted a mandatory policy outlining Active Play Standards (AP Standards) alongside a capacity building initiative (Appetite to Play) focused on implementing policies and practices to support physical activity in childcare centres. We aimed to identify factors at the provider and organizational levels as well as attributes of the Standards hypothesized to influence implementation (i.e., changes in policies and practices). METHODS We conducted surveys before (2016-2017) and after (2018-2019) enforcement of the AP Standards among 146 group childcare centres across BC. The 2018-19 surveys measured theoretically based constructs associated with implementation of policies and practices (9 childcare- and 8 provider- level characteristics as well as 4 attributes of the licensing standards). Characteristics that were associated in simple regression models were entered in multivariable regression models to identify factors associated with policy and practice changes related to fundamental movement skills (FMS), screen time, total amount of active play (AP) and total amount of outdoor AP from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, higher staff capacity (OR = 2.1, 95% 1.2, 3.7) and perceived flexibility of the standards (OR: 3.3, 95% 1.5, 7.1) were associated with higher odds of a policy change related to FMS. Higher staff commitment to the AP standards was associated with a higher odds of policy changes related to screen time (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.4) and amount of AP (OR: 1.5, 95% 1.0, 2.3). Higher institutionalization of PA policies was associated with a higher odds of policy changes related to the amount of AP (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 20). Higher self-efficacy was associated with a higher odds of policy changes related to outdoor AP (OR = 2.9, 95% 1.1, 7.8). Appetite to Play training was a positively associated with practice changes related to FMS (β = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.9). CONCLUSIONS A hierarchy of theoretically defined factors influenced childcare providers' implementation of the AP Standards in BC. Future research should test the feasibility of modifying these factors to improve the implementation of PA policy and practice interventions in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Tugault-Lafleur
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Erica Y Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, F508-4490, Canada.
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