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Raczkiewicz D, Owoc J, Bojar I, Sarecka-Hujar B. Satisfaction of people at post-working age with pharmacists' health promotion in Poland. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:281. [PMID: 38262991 PMCID: PMC10807121 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze how people at post-working age evaluate health promotion conducted for them by pharmacists in community pharmacies in Poland. We also assessed whether this evaluation is correlated with the frequency of health behaviors. METHODS The study comprised 712 Polish people at post-working age (retired), including women 60 + and men 65+. Health Behaviors Inventory and authors' Questionnaire for Evaluation of Pharmacists' Health Promotion were used. RESULTS Conducting health promotion by pharmacists in community pharmacies is relevant in the opinion of post-working-aged people (5.8 on average in the scale of 1-10). However, the patients were not satisfied with the reliability (4.7), accessibility (4.7), communicativeness (5.0), and effectiveness (4.6) of health promotion provided by pharmacists for them. The empathy and politeness of pharmacists during health promotion were rated neutrally (5.4, i.e. neither good nor bad). The evaluations of reliability, accessibility, communicativeness, empathy and politeness, relevance, and effectiveness of pharmacists' health promotion did not correlate with age, marital status, place of residence, type of job in the past, or chronic pain currently (p > 0.05). The men evaluated accessibility higher than the women (5.1 vs. 4.6, p = 0.049), but the other domains were evaluated similarly by both genders (p > 0.05). All the domains of pharmacists' health promotion were assessed the better the higher the frequency of health behaviors the post-working aged people was. CONCLUSIONS People in post-working age assessed that health promotion conducted by pharmacists in community pharmacies is important, however they were not satisfied with the reliability, accessibility, communicativeness, and effectiveness of health promotion conducted by pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Raczkiewicz
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Kleczewska 61/63 Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Owoc
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1 Street, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bojar
- Department of Women's Health, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2 Street, 20- 090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Sarecka-Hujar
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3 Street, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Henneh AH, Teg-Nefaah Tabong P. Community pharmacists perception and role in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease conditions: Evidence from Ghana. Int J Health Plann Manage 2022; 37:2794-2808. [PMID: 35607292 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading non-communicable diseases with a high mortality if not detected and managed early. The study assessed community pharmacists' perception and determined their role in CVDs prevention and management. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 registered community pharmacists in the Ahafo, Bono and Bono East regions of Ghana. Data was collected using validated questionnaires through an online and in-person surveys. The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and STATA 14.1. RESULTS Community Pharmacists had knowledge on the concept of pharmaceutical care (n = 93, 92.2%). The roles that Pharmacists played in CVD management and control included educating clients on their conditions and drug therapy, checking for possible drug interactions and screening for risk factors. The barriers to CV health promotion were increase of the pharmacist's workload (n = 96, 93.2%), lack of time (n = 91, 88.4%) and lack of CVD educational materials and clinical tools (n = 56, 54.4%). CONCLUSION Community pharmacists have a positive perception of their role in CVDs and performed various activities to reduce the burden of CVDs. However, cardiovascular health promotion in community pharmacies is hindered by increase of the pharmacist's workload, lack of time and lack of CVD educational materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
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Self-assessment of Polish pharmacy staff's readiness to promote health. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 42:1354-1363. [PMID: 32772305 PMCID: PMC7522097 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Nowadays, pharmacists are expected to focus not only on dispensing medicines but also on the wellness of the patient. In some developed countries a pharmacist is clearly defined as a health care professional that can make a contribution to improving the general health of the population. Objective To assess the readiness of Polish pharmacy staff to engage in health promotion and educational activities. Setting Community pharmacies in Poland. Method The study group consisted of 308 pharmacy staff (248 pharmacists and 60 pharmacy technicians) employed in Polish pharmacies. The survey questionnaire referred to three domains: systemic solutions for health promotion, readiness of pharmacy staff as a professional group to promote health, personal readiness to promote health. Responses about pharmacy staff’s readiness to promote health were scored using a 10-point scale. Scale reliability for all items (overall readiness), and for items within the three domains separately, were tested using Cronbach’s α and average inter-correlation coefficient among the items. Main outcome measure Pharmacy staff’s readiness to promote health (the questionnaire containing 32 items). Results The overall readiness of pharmacy staff to promote health was rather low (average of 4.6 ± 1.5 in 1–10 scale). The highest scores were obtained for pharmacy staff’s personal readiness to promote health (average of 5.5 ± 1.8) which was neutral on the scale. The lowest scores were obtained for systemic solutions for health promotion (average of 3.6 ± 1.4). Readiness of pharmacy staff as a professional group was ranked in the middle (average 4.8 ± 1.8). Surveyed pharmacy staff rated their readiness to promote health in the work environment significantly higher than promoting health in the local community. Female and younger pharmacy staff as well as those with job seniority of less than 5 years, or pharmacy technicians assessed their readiness to promote health significantly higher than others. Readiness to promote health was higher among pharmacy staff working in pharmacies employing up to 3 staff members and at pharmacies with over 200 customers daily. Conclusions The overall readiness of pharmacy staff to promote health was low, especially in the domain of systemic solutions in health promotion.
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Heimerl K, Pichler B, Plunger P. Challenges and strategies in communication with people with dementia and their informal caregivers in community pharmacies - a narrative approach. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 34:852-860. [PMID: 31749204 PMCID: PMC7754100 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with dementia and their informal caregivers get in touch with the healthcare system predominantly via contacts with primary care providers. Among these, community pharmacists have been denominated as the health professionals most accessible to the public. Communication with and counselling people with dementia and their informal caregivers present particular challenges to pharmacists. AIM This study aims to research the challenges faced and strategies used by community pharmacists who deal with people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. METHODS Within the context of two workshops with 74 participants, 15 small groups were formed, each of which generated and discussed a small story. Fourteen of those narratives were reported, tape recorded and transcribed. In these 14 narratives, community pharmacists reflected on their experiences with people with dementia or their informal caregivers. The narratives were systematically analysed and interpreted. FINDINGS Among the main challenges reported by the workshop participants are the difficulty of identifying a person with dementia; the question of what appropriate communication is; the only partially successful networking with doctors, nursing personnel and support institutions; unsuccessful counselling; and the tension between the economic situation and the care for people with dementia and their informal caregivers. In general, strategies for dealing with people with dementia are characterised by uncertainty whereas communication with informal caregivers is well rehearsed and effective. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacies require possibilities to retreat for counselling as well as the possibility for pharmacists to take time for people with dementia and their informal caregivers in everyday pharmacy life. Reflective spaces for narrations about difficult situations provide relief for staff in community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heimerl
- Institute for Palliative Care and Organizational Ethics, Universtitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Austria.,Department for Nursing Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pichler
- Institute for Palliative Care and Organizational Ethics, Universtitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Austria.,Department for Nursing Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Plunger
- Institute for Palliative Care and Organizational Ethics, Universtitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Austria.,Department for Nursing Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gelayee DA, Mekonnen GB. Pharmacy students' provision of health promotion counseling services during a community pharmacy clerkship: a cross sectional study, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:95. [PMID: 29728146 PMCID: PMC5935927 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, undergraduate pharmacy education comprises practice programs aimed to address different competencies. This study was intended to investigate pharmacy students' provision of health promotion (HP) counseling services during a community pharmacy clerkship in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on fifty one fifth-year pharmacy students immediately after completion of a 2-week community pharmacy clerkship. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Relationship between variables was examined using Pearson's Chi-square test of independence, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The mean number of HP counseling service types delivered during the clerkship was 6.3 ± 2.8 out of 12. It is positively correlated with the number of HP counseling service types delivered in students' previous training (rho =0.437, p = 0.001). Nearly half (n = 25, 49%) of the students were actively-involved (i.e delivered ≥ 7 types of HP counseling service types) in the service and those who were well involved in previous training are more likely to do the same during the clerkship (X 2 = 4.581, p = 0.032). The main barriers perceived to hinder health promotion service were clients' lack of time and interest as well as absence of a guideline for health promotion service. CONCLUSION Community pharmacy clerkship is a good opportunity for pharmacy students to develop health promotion counseling skill. Clerkship performance can best be improved through successful exposures to similar activities in previous courses and students shall be encouraged to carry out self-assessments of their health promotion counseling practice against standards set for the clerkship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessalegn Asmelashe Gelayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Binega Mekonnen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Hossain LN, Fernandez-Llimos F, Luckett T, Moullin JC, Durks D, Franco-Trigo L, Benrimoj SI, Sabater-Hernández D. Qualitative meta-synthesis of barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of community pharmacy services: perspectives of patients, nurses and general medical practitioners. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015471. [PMID: 28877940 PMCID: PMC5588935 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The integration of community pharmacy services (CPSs) into primary care practice can be enhanced by assessing (and further addressing) the elements that enable (ie, facilitators) or hinder (ie, barriers) the implementation of such CPSs. These elements have been widely researched from the perspective of pharmacists but not from the perspectives of other stakeholders who can interact with and influence the implementation of CPSs. The aim of this study was to synthesise the literature on patients', general practitioners' (GPs) and nurses' perspectives of CPSs to identify barriers and facilitators to their implementation in Australia. METHODS A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies was performed. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and Informit was conducted to identify studies that explored patients', GPs' or nurses' views about CPSs in Australia. Thematic synthesis was performed to identify elements influencing CPS implementation, which were further classified using an ecological approach. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles were included in the review, addressing 63 elements influencing CPS implementation. Elements were identified as a barrier, facilitator or both and were related to four ecological levels: individual patient (n=14), interpersonal (n=24), organisational (n=16) and community and healthcare system (n=9). It was found that patients, nurses and GPs identified elements reported in previous pharmacist-informed studies, such as pharmacist's training/education or financial remuneration, but also new elements, such as patients' capability to follow service's procedures, the relationships between GP and pharmacy professional bodies or the availability of multidisciplinary training/education. CONCLUSIONS Patients, GPs and nurses can describe a large number of elements influencing CPS implementation. These elements can be combined with previous findings in pharmacists-informed studies to produce a comprehensive framework to assess barriers and facilitators to CPS implementation. This framework can be used by pharmacy service planners and policy makers to improve the analysis of the contexts in which CPSs are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun N Hossain
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Joanna C Moullin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Desire Durks
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucia Franco-Trigo
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shalom I Benrimoj
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Sabater-Hernández
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Academic Centre in Pharmaceutical Care, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Practice and Barriers towards Provision of Health Promotion Services among Community Pharmacists in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7873951. [PMID: 28831398 PMCID: PMC5555023 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7873951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Health promotion is now becoming an integral part of community pharmacy practice worldwide. Objectives This study was intended to determine the level of involvement of community pharmacists in providing health promotion service and to identify the barriers to the practice. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 community pharmacists working in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Data on sociodemographic factors, practice, and barriers to health promotion service were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results The majority of respondents were B.Pharm holders (n = 27, 56.3%). Almost all respondents (n = 45, 95.8%) were willing and claimed to be well involved in health promotion services. The top 5 services were related to drug misuse, asthma, diabetes, family planning, and cardiovascular diseases. However, involvement in some types of health promotion services significantly differed based on sex, educational level, and pharmacy ownership of respondents. The main barrier reported was lack of training. Conclusion The community pharmacists in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, are engaged in health promotion activities. However lack of training has limited their level of involvement and practice differences were noted based on sex, educational level, and pharmacy ownership status of the respondents.
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