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Cardin S, Faber R, Miller D, Gibson ME, Lewellyn B. Encouraging Firework Safety Through Public Service Announcements. J Hand Surg Am 2022; 47:574-578. [PMID: 35078693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A dramatic increase in firework-related blast injuries to the hand and upper extremity resulted in record-setting numbers at our institution over the July 4, 2018, holiday. This led our hand and upper extremity department to create a public service announcement (PSA) campaign regarding firework safety and injury prevention. This PSA was broadcast in advance of the next July 4 holiday via several media platforms including television, radio, and the internet. The following year only 4 patients required surgery for firework-related blast injuries to the hand and upper extremity over the same 10-day period, including the weekends before and after the July 4, 2019, holiday. This represented a considerable reduction compared with the 14 patients seen within the same time frame in 2018. The purpose of this article was to outline the process and report the impact of creating and disseminating a public service announcement for firework-related blast injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cardin
- Orlando Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orlando, FL
| | - Rachel Faber
- Orlando Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orlando, FL
| | - Daniel Miller
- Orlando Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Brett Lewellyn
- Division of Hand Surgery, Orlando Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orlando, FL.
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Kamal KM, Chiumente M, Nakagawa S, Giannetti V, Marlin T. Disposal practices for unused and expired medications: pilot data from three cities in three countries. GMS HEALTH INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 16:Doc01. [PMID: 35360086 PMCID: PMC8953661 DOI: 10.3205/hta000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To collect pilot data on medication disposal practices of unused and expired medications from three cities in three countries. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pittsburgh, United States (US); Turin, Italy; and Kobe, Japan. A convenience sampling was utilized through drug take-back programs in Pittsburgh, US; pharmacy customers in Turin, Italy; and pharmacy students and family members in Kobe, Japan. Descriptive analysis was conducted to assess medications disposal practices including attitudes and beliefs of respondents. Results: The sample included 342 respondents [99 (Pittsburgh, US); 168 (Turin, Italy); and 75 (Kobe, Japan)]. The mean unused and expired medications per patient for Pittsburgh, US was (1.60±2.30 and 0.51±1.54); Turin, Italy (1.69±1.86 and 0.49±1.22) and Kobe, Japan (6.69±8.78 and 0.84±2.26). The major reason for unused medications in Pittsburgh, US (31.3%) was "Medication was as needed"; in Turin, Italy (28.0%) "No longer suffer from the condition"; and in Kobe, Japan (54.7%) "No longer suffer from the condition". The most common reason for expired medications was "No longer suffer from the condition" (Pittsburgh, US 17.2%; Turin, Italy 15.5%; Kobe, Japan 12.0%). The disposal method in Pittsburgh, US was disposing in the toilet (35.4%); returned to the pharmacy in Turin, Italy (51.2%); and disposed the original container in the trash in Kobe, Japan (82.7%). Conclusions: There is a need for counseling protocols regarding proper disposal, which can lead to better adherence, reduction of prescription drug abuse, and less environmental hazards due to improper disposal of prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Kamal
- West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Departement of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, Morgantown, USA,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Khalid M Kamal, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center 64 Medical Center Drive PO Box 9510, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, E-mail:
| | - Marco Chiumente
- SIFaCT-Italian Society of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Milan, Italy
| | - Sari Nakagawa
- Kobe Gakuin University, Faculty of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Vincent Giannetti
- Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Divison of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Taylor Marlin
- Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, USA
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Austin JK, Birbeck G, Parko K, Kwon CS, Fernandes PT, Braga P, Fiest KM, Ali A, Cross JH, de Boer H, Dua T, Haut SR, Jacoby A, Lorenzetti DL, Mifsud J, Moshé SL, Tripathi M, Wiebe S, Jette N. Epilepsy-related stigma and attitudes: Systematic review of screening instruments and interventions - Report by the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Stigma in Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2022; 63:598-628. [PMID: 34985766 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a systematic review aimed at summarizing the evidence related to instruments that have been developed to measure stigma or attitudes toward epilepsy and on stigma-reducing interventions. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. A broad literature search (1985-2019) was performed in 13 databases. Articles were included if they described the development and testing of psychometric properties of an epilepsy-related stigma or attitude scale or stigma-reducing interventions. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts, reviewed full-text articles, and extracted data. Basic descriptive statistics are reported. RESULTS We identified 4234 abstracts, of which 893 were reviewed as full-text articles. Of these, 38 met inclusion criteria for an instrument development study and 30 as a stigma-reduction intervention study. Most instruments were initially developed using well-established methods and were tested in relatively large samples. Most intervention studies involved educational programs for adults with pre- and post-evaluations of attitudes toward people with epilepsy. Intervention studies often failed to use standardized instruments to quantify stigmatizing attitudes, were generally underpowered, and often found no evidence of benefit or the benefit was not sustained. Six intervention studies with stigma as the primary outcome had fewer design flaws and showed benefit. Very few or no instruments were validated for regional languages or culture, and there were very few interventions tested in some regions. SIGNIFICANCE Investigators in regions without instruments should consider translating and further developing existing instruments rather than initiating the development of new instruments. Very few stigma-reduction intervention studies for epilepsy have been conducted, study methodology in general was poor, and standardized instruments were rarely used to measure outcomes. To accelerate the development of effective epilepsy stigma-reduction interventions, a paradigm shift from disease-specific, siloed trials to collaborative, cross-disciplinary platforms based upon unified theories of stigma transcending individual conditions will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Austin
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gretchen Birbeck
- Epilepsy Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Epilepsy Care Team, Chikankata Hospital, Mazabuka, Zambia
| | - Karen Parko
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Epilepsy Center, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Churl-Su Kwon
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paula T Fernandes
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Physical Education, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia Braga
- Institute of Neurology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kirsten M Fiest
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amza Ali
- Kingston Public Hospital and University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - J Helen Cross
- Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Tarun Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sheryl R Haut
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ann Jacoby
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diane L Lorenzetti
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and Heath Sciences Library, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janet Mifsud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Department of Pediatrics and Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samuel Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jette
- Departments of Neurology and Population Health Sciences & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Chakraborty P, Sanchez NA, Kaddumukasa M, Kajumba M, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Van Noord M, Kaddumukasa MN, Nakasujja N, Haglund MM, Koltai DC. Stigma reduction interventions for epilepsy: A systematized literature review. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107381. [PMID: 32883610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a disease that is stigmatized globally. Several studies have introduced sensitization efforts to reduce stigma towards people with epilepsy (PWE) in various settings. Although sensitization efforts have shown some evidence of improved attitudes towards epilepsy, progress has been limited. This systematized literature review summarizes the existing literature concerning interventions that reduce stigma towards PWE. By conducting an overview of existing interventions, we aimed to consolidate knowledge and outcomes of existing efforts as well as highlight gaps and directions for future interventions. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for English-language studies published between January 1, 1970 and November 15, 2017 that focused on stigma reduction strategies for PWE in any global setting. Studies were included if they described a stigma reduction intervention for epilepsy. Studies were excluded if they were reviews, editorials, conference proceedings, abstracts, or did not discuss a stigma reduction intervention. We thematically grouped studies based on type(s) of intervention(s) addressed and summarized interventions, outcome measures, and results for each study included in the review. RESULTS Of the 1975 initial citations, 32 studies met our inclusion criteria. Interventions clustered into four broad categories including public awareness interventions, policy-based interventions, school-based interventions, and interventions that targeted PWE themselves as well as their caregivers and peers. Efficacy of these interventions as reported by the authors was mixed. Many studies did not use validated outcome measures to assess stigma. CONCLUSIONS Although intervention efforts have been made towards epilepsy stigma reduction at many levels, stigma towards and discrimination against PWE prevail worldwide. About 75% of the studies included in this review were conducted in high-income countries (HICs) despite the disproportional need in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, robust outcome measures to assess efficacy in stigma reduction for interventions are lacking, calling into question the validity of reported outcomes for both positive and null findings. Therefore, more work is needed in both developing effective stigma reduction strategies, especially in LMICs, and validating tools to measure their efficacy. This article is part of the Special Issue "The Intersection of Culture, Resources, and Disease: Epilepsy Care in Uganda".
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadine A Sanchez
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mayanja Kajumba
- Department of Mental Health and Community Psychology, Makerere University School of Psychology, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago Hill Road, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Megan Van Noord
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Martin N Kaddumukasa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Neurology Unit, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noeline Nakasujja
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deborah C Koltai
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Hesdorffer DC, Beck V, Begley CE, Bishop ML, Cushner-Weinstein S, Holmes GL, Shafer PO, Sirven JI, Austin JK. Research implications of the Institute of Medicine Report, Epilepsy Across the Spectrum: Promoting Health and Understanding. Epilepsia 2013; 54:207-16. [PMID: 23294462 PMCID: PMC3566357 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In March 2012 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the report, Epilepsy Across The Spectrum: Promoting Health and Understanding. This report examined the public health dimensions of the epilepsies with a focus on the following four areas: public health surveillance and data collection and integration; population and public health research; health policy, health care, and human services; and education for providers, people with epilepsy and their families, and the public. The report provided recommendations and research priorities for future work in the field of epilepsy that relate to increasing the power of data on epilepsy; prevention of epilepsy; improving health care for people with epilepsy; improving health professional education about epilepsy; improving quality of life for people with epilepsy; improving education about epilepsy for people with epilepsy and families; and raising public awareness about epilepsy. For this article, the authors selected one research priority from each of the major chapter themes in the IOM report: expanding and improving the quality of epidemiologic surveillance in epilepsy; developing improved interventions for people with epilepsy and depression; expanding early identification/screening for learning impairments in children with epilepsy; evaluating and promoting effective innovative teaching strategies; accelerating research on the identification of risk factors and interventions that increase employment and improve quality of life for people with epilepsy and their families; assessing the information needs of people with epilepsy and their families associated with epilepsy-related risks, specifically sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; and developing and conducting surveys to capture trends in knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and beliefs about epilepsy over time and in specific population subgroups. For each research priority selected, examples of research are provided that will advance the field of epilepsy and improve the lives of people with epilepsy. The IOM report has many other research priorities for researchers to consider developing to advance the field of epilepsy and better the lives of people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale C Hesdorffer
- GH Sergievksky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10024, USA.
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Bagić D, Mastilica M, Bagić A. A five-year follow-up study of the general public awareness and perception of epilepsy in Croatia. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:200-7. [PMID: 23032133 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Public reception of epilepsy in Croatia was re-assessed in 2009, 5 years after an initial survey, by interviewing 1000 randomly selected adults. Ninety-two percent (-5.0%) of the respondents had heard about epilepsy, 47% (-7.9%) knew someone with epilepsy, and 38.6% (-6.0%) had witnessed a seizure. Interviewees were quite ready to accept a person with epilepsy. Almost 8% (+1.1%) would object if their child played with a child with epilepsy, and 77.8% (+1.8%) believed that a child with epilepsy could succeed as well as a child without epilepsy. Although 45.9% (-6.6%) would approach a person having a seizure and help, 36.1% (+3.0%) would also call "911." Citizens of Croatia re-declared a high tolerance toward people with epilepsy and positive attitude toward children with epilepsy. Experiential factors remained strong predictors of more positive attitudes. A more prominent role of patients and implementation of social marketing in addressing a large persisting degree of prejudice and stigmatization worldwide are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Bagić
- The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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