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Hodeib H, El Amrousy D, Youssef A, Khedr R, Al-Asy H, Shabana A, Elnemr S, Abdelhai D. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and SALL4 and BMI-1 gene expression. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1510-1515. [PMID: 34782707 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sal-like protein 4 transcription factor (SALL4) and B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) gene were reported to cause treatment failure and relapse in several malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of SALL4 and BMI-1 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS This prospective cohort study was carried out on 60 children with ALL as the patient group and 60 age- and sex-matched children as the control group. We evaluated the expression pattern of both SALL4 and BMI-1 genes in the peripheral blood using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in children with ALL at initial diagnosis before chemotherapy. We followed up with the patient group for 2 years for relapse or death. RESULTS Both SALL4 and BMI-1 were overexpressed in ALL children compared to the control group. Moreover, the expression of SALL4 and BMI-1 in patients with relapse was significantly higher than those with complete remission. The best cut-off of SALL4 and BMI-1 to predict relapse were >2.21 and 0.55 yielding sensitivity of 92.3% and 84.6%, respectively. Patients with overexpression of SALL4 and BMI-1 had significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS SALL4 and BMI-1 could be useful prognostic markers in children with ALL to predict relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Hodeib
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Doaa El Amrousy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Amira Youssef
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha Khedr
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hassan Al-Asy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shabana
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Elnemr
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina Abdelhai
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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2
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Latifi-Navid H, da Silva Rosa SC, Swiat M, Wiechec E, Vitorino C, Vitorino R, Jamalpoor Z, Ghavami S. Integrating Multi-Omics Analysis for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Data-Driven Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3158. [PMID: 37370767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma (GBM), which has poor overall survival (OS). There is a high relapse rate among patients with GBM despite maximally safe surgery, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and aggressive treatment. Hence, there is an urgent and unmet clinical need for new approaches to managing GBM. The current study identified modules (MYC, EGFR, PIK3CA, SUZ12, and SPRK2) involved in GBM disease through the NeDRex plugin. Furthermore, hub genes were identified in a comprehensive interaction network containing 7560 proteins related to GBM disease and 3860 proteins associated with signaling pathways involved in GBM. By integrating the results of the analyses mentioned above and again performing centrality analysis, eleven key genes involved in GBM disease were identified. ProteomicsDB and Gliovis databases were used for determining the gene expression in normal and tumor brain tissue. The NetworkAnalyst and the mGWAS-Explorer tools identified miRNAs, SNPs, and metabolites associated with these 11 genes. Moreover, a literature review of recent studies revealed other lists of metabolites related to GBM disease. The enrichment analysis of identified genes, miRNAs, and metabolites associated with GBM disease was performed using ExpressAnalyst, miEAA, and MetaboAnalyst tools. Further investigation of metabolite roles in GBM was performed using pathway, joint pathway, and network analyses. The results of this study allowed us to identify 11 genes (UBC, HDAC1, CTNNB1, TRIM28, CSNK2A1, RBBP4, TP53, APP, DAB1, PINK1, and RELN), five miRNAs (hsa-mir-221-3p, hsa-mir-30a-5p, hsa-mir-15a-5p, hsa-mir-130a-3p, and hsa-let-7b-5p), six metabolites (HDL, N6-acetyl-L-lysine, cholesterol, formate, N, N-dimethylglycine/xylose, and X2. piperidinone) and 15 distinct signaling pathways that play an indispensable role in GBM disease development. The identified top genes, miRNAs, and metabolite signatures can be targeted to establish early diagnostic methods and plan personalized GBM treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14977-16316, Iran
| | - Simone C da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Maciej Swiat
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Coimbra Chemistry Coimbra, Institute of Molecular Sciences-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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3
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The role of BMI1 in endometrial cancer and other cancers. Gene 2023; 856:147129. [PMID: 36563713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the third leading gynecological malignancy, and its treatment remains challenging. B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (BMI1) is one of the core members of the polycomb group (PcG) family, which plays a promoting role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. Notably, BMI1 has been found to be frequently upregulated in endometrial cancer (EC) and promote the occurrence of EC through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and AKT/PI3K pathways. This review summarizes the structure and upstream regulatory mechanisms of BMI1 and its role in EC. In addition, we focused on the role of BMI1 in chemoradiotherapy resistance and summarized the current drugs that target BMI1.
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4
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Xu J, Li L, Shi P, Cui H, Yang L. The Crucial Roles of Bmi-1 in Cancer: Implications in Pathogenesis, Metastasis, Drug Resistance, and Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158231. [PMID: 35897796 PMCID: PMC9367737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration region 1 (Bmi-1, also known as RNF51 or PCGF4) is one of the important members of the PcG gene family, and is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence, and maintaining the self-renewal of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have emphasized the role of Bmi-1 in the occurrence and development of tumors. In fact, Bmi-1 has multiple functions in cancer biology and is closely related to many classical molecules, including Akt, c-MYC, Pten, etc. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of Bmi-1 in multiple pathways, and the interaction of Bmi-1 with noncoding RNAs. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes of Bmi-1 in cancer, and explore the clinical relevance of Bmi-1 in cancer biomarkers and prognosis, as well as its implications for chemoresistance and radioresistance. In conclusion, we summarize the role of Bmi-1 in tumor progression, reveal the pathophysiological process and molecular mechanism of Bmi-1 in tumors, and provide useful information for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
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5
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Inhibition of BMI-1 Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Stabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810107. [PMID: 34576269 PMCID: PMC8472307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI-1, a polycomb ring finger oncogene, is highly expressed in multiple cancer cells and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. BMI-1 represents a cancer stemness marker that is associated with the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. In this study, pharmacological inhibition (PTC596) or knockdown (siRNA) of BMI-1 reduced cancer stem-like cells and enhanced cancer cell death. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BMI-1 induced the downregulation of Mcl-1 protein, but not Mcl-1 mRNA. PTC596 downregulated Mcl-1 protein expression at the post-translational level through the proteasome-ubiquitin system. PTC596 and BMI-1 siRNA induced downregulation of DUB3 deubiquitinase, which was strongly linked to Mcl-1 destabilization. Furthermore, overexpression of Mcl-1 or DUB3 inhibited apoptosis by PTC596. Taken together, our findings reveal that the inhibition of BMI-1 induces Mcl-1 destabilization through downregulation of DUB3, resulting in the induction of cancer cell death.
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6
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Zhou M, Xu Q, Huang D, Luo L. Regulation of gene transcription of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 14:52. [PMID: 33884195 PMCID: PMC8056379 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi-1) is a core protein component of the polycomb repressive complex 1 that inhibits cell senescence and maintains the self-renewal ability of stem cells via downregulation of p16Ink4a and p19Arf expression. Bmi-1 serves an important role in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and neurodevelopment during embryonic development, and it has been shown to enhance tumorigenesis by promoting cancer stem cell self-renewal and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Emerging evidence suggests that Bmi-1 overexpression is closely related to the development and progression of various types of cancer, and that downregulation of Bmi-1 expression can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. It is therefore important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bmi-1 expression both under normal growth conditions and in malignant tissues. In the present review, the current body of knowledge pertaining to the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the BMI-1 gene is discussed, and the potential mechanisms by which Bmi-1 is dysregulated in various types of cancer are highlighted. Bmi-1 expression is primarily controlled via transcriptional regulation, and is regulated by the transcription https://www.ushuaia.pl/hyphen/?ln=en factors of the Myc family, including Myb, Twist1, SALL4 and E2F-1. Post-transcriptionally, regulation of Bmi-1 expression is inhibited by several microRNAs and certain small-molecule drugs. Thus, regulatory transcriptional factors are potential therapeutic targets to reduce Bmi-1 expression in cancer cells. Thus, the present review provides an up-to-date review on the regulation of BMI-1 gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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7
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Yang D, Liu HQ, Yang Z, Fan D, Tang QZ. BMI1 in the heart: Novel functions beyond tumorigenesis. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103193. [PMID: 33421944 PMCID: PMC7804972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The BMI1 protein, a member of the PRC1 family, is a well recognised transcriptional suppressor and has the capability of maintaining the self-renewal and proliferation of tissue-specific stem cells. Numerous studies have established that BMI1 is highly expressed in a variety of malignant cancers and serves as a key regulator in the tumorigenesis process. However, our understanding of BMI1 in terminally differentiated organs, such as the heart, is relatively nascent. Importantly, emerging data support that, beyond the tumor, BMI1 is also expressed in the heart tissue and indeed exerts profound effects in various cardiac pathological conditions. This review gives a summary of the novel functions of BMI1 in the heart, including BMI1-positive cardiac stem cells and BMI1-mediated signaling pathways, which are involved in the response to various cardiac pathological stimuli. Besides, we summarize the recent progress of BMI1 in some novel and rapidly developing cardiovascular therapies. Furtherly, we highlight the properties of BMI1, a therapeutic target proved effective in cancer treatment, as a promising target to alleviate cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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8
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Jiang M, He G, Li J, Li J, Guo X, Gao J. Hypoxic exposure activates the B cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1/PI3K/Akt axis and promotes EMT in leukaemia stem cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:98. [PMID: 33376531 PMCID: PMC7751341 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant tumor of the immature myeloid hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Disease recurrence driven by leukaemia stem cells (LSCs), a sub-population of leukaemia cells presenting self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential, is a major problem in the treatment of AML. Although a hypoxic microenvironment is considered to promote AML malignant behaviours and is considered a potential therapeutic target, the effect of hypoxic stimulation of LSCs is still largely unknown. Therefore, the present study analysed the effects of hypoxia on the malignant behaviours of LSCs. Hypoxia exposure upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which upregulated the transcription of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1). Hypoxia exposure also activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and promoted the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in LSCs via hypoxia-mediated activation of HIF-1α. BMI-1 served an important role in the hypoxia-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the promotion of EMT. Hypoxia exposure promoted chemoresistance against cytarabine arabinoside by inducing HIF-1α, thus activating the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. Knockdown of BMI-1 disrupted hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in LSCs, indicating that HIF-1α-induced BMI-1 has a role in hypoxia-promoted malignant behaviours. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that induced BMI-1 inhibits the self-renewal capacity in LSCs under hypoxic conditions. The present study provides in vitro evidence demonstrating that hypoxia exposure regulates LSCs by activating HIF-1α/BMI-1 signalling, in turn modulating PI3K/Akt signalling and EMT. These results highlight potentially novel therapeutic targets of LSCs to improve the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoqian He
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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9
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Chang S, Wang LHC, Chen BS. Investigating Core Signaling Pathways of Hepatitis B Virus Pathogenesis for Biomarkers Identification and Drug Discovery via Systems Biology and Deep Learning Method. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090320. [PMID: 32878239 PMCID: PMC7555687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, poor understanding of its pathogenesis often gives rise to intractable immune escape and prognosis recurrence. Thus, a valid systematic approach based on big data mining and genome-wide RNA-seq data is imperative to further investigate the pathogenetic mechanism and identify biomarkers for drug design. In this study, systems biology method was applied to trim false positives from the host/pathogen genetic and epigenetic interaction network (HPI-GEN) under HBV infection by two-side RNA-seq data. Then, via the principal network projection (PNP) approach and the annotation of KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, significant biomarkers related to cellular dysfunctions were identified from the core cross-talk signaling pathways as drug targets. Further, based on the pre-trained deep learning-based drug-target interaction (DTI) model and the validated pharmacological properties from databases, i.e., drug regulation ability, toxicity, and sensitivity, a combination of promising multi-target drugs was designed as a multiple-molecule drug to create more possibility for the treatment of HBV infection. Therefore, with the proposed systems medicine discovery and repositioning procedure, we not only shed light on the etiologic mechanism during HBV infection but also efficiently provided a potential drug combination for therapeutic treatment of Hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chang
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signal Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signal Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Khattak S, Saddozai UAK, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Madni A, Haleem KS, Duan SF, Wu DD, Ji SP, Ji XY. Multifaceted behavior of PEST sequence enriched nuclear proteins in cancer biology and role in gene therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1658-1676. [PMID: 32841373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence enriched with proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) (PEST) is a signal-transducing agent providing unique features to its substrate nuclear proteins (PEST-NPs). The PEST motif is responsible for particular posttranslational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs impart distinct properties to PEST-NPs that are responsible for their activation/inhibition, intracellular localization, and stability/degradation. PEST-NPs participate in cancer metabolism, immunity, and protein transcription as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. Gene-based therapeutics are getting the attention of researchers because of their cell specificity. PEST-NPs are good targets to explore as cancer therapeutics. Insights into PTMs of PEST-NPs demonstrate that these proteins not only interact with each other but also recruit other proteins to/from their active site to promote/inhibit tumors. Thus, the role of PEST-NPs in cancer biology is multivariate. It is hard to obtain therapeutic objectives with single gene therapy. An especially designed combination gene therapy might be a promising strategy in cancer treatment. This review highlights the multifaceted behavior of PEST-NPs in cancer biology. We have summarized a number of studies to address the influence of structure and PEST-mediated PTMs on activation, localization, stability, and protein-protein interactions of PEST-NPs. We also recommend researchers to adopt a pragmatic approach in gene-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Attia Afzal
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Umair A K Saddozai
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kashif S Haleem
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Ping Ji
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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11
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Liu Q, Li Q, Zhu S, Yi Y, Cao Q. B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1: An oncogenic mediator in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:224-232. [PMID: 29862993 PMCID: PMC6498728 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_38_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 (BMI1), a core member of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), has been intensely investigated in the field of cancer epigenetics for decades. Widely known as a critical regulator in cellular physiology, BMI1 is essential in self-renewal and differentiation in different lineages of stem cells. BMI1 also plays a significant role in cancer etiology for its involvement in pathological progress such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell maintenance, propagation, and differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of BMI1 is predictive for drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and eventual therapy failure of various cancer subtypes, which renders the pharmacological targeting at BMI1 as a novel and promising therapeutic approach. The study on prostate cancer, a prevalent hormone-related cancer among men, has promoted enormous research advancements in cancer genetics and epigenetics. This review summarizes the role of BMI1 as an oncogenic and epigenetic regulator in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiaqia Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yi
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Yu S, Sun W, Miao D. Bmi1 Overexpression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exerts Antiaging and Antiosteoporosis Effects by Inactivating p16/p19 Signaling and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1200-1211. [PMID: 30895687 PMCID: PMC6851636 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Bmi1 deficiency leads to osteoporosis phenotype by inhibiting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but it is unclear whether overexpression of Bmi1 in MSCs stimulates skeletal development and rescues Bmi1 deficiency-induced osteoporosis. To answer this question, we constructed transgenic mice (Bmi1Tg ) that overexpressed Bmi1 driven by the Prx1 gene and analyzed their skeletal phenotype differences with that of wild-type littermates. We then hybridized Bmi1Tg to Bmi1-/- mice to generate Bmi1-/- mice overexpressing Bmi1 in MSCs and compared their skeletal phenotypes with those of Bmi1-/- and wild-type mice using imaging, histopathological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometric, cellular, and molecular methods. Bmi1Tg mice exhibited enhanced bone growth and osteoblast formation, including the augmentation of bone size, cortical and trabecular volume, number of osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive and type I collagen-positive areas, number of total colony forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-f) and ALP+ CFU-f, and osteogenic gene expression levels. Consistently, MSC overexpressing Bmi1 in the Bmi1-/- background not only largely reversed Bmi1 systemic deficiency-induced skeletal growth retardation and osteoporosis, but also partially reversed Bmi1 deficiency-induced systemic growth retardation and premature aging. To further explore the mechanism of action of MSCs overexpressing Bmi1 in antiosteoporosis and antiaging, we examined changes in oxidative stress and expression levels of p16 and p19. Our results showed that overexpression of Bmi1 in MSCs inhibited oxidative stress and downregulated p16 and p19. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that overexpression of Bmi1 in MSCs exerts antiaging and antiosteoporosis effects by inactivating p16/p19 signaling and inhibiting oxidative stress. Stem Cells 2019;37:1200-1211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Suzhou Health and Technology College, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiang Yu
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sun
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Aging, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bmi1 regulates human glioblastoma stem cells through activation of differential gene networks in CD133+ brain tumor initiating cells. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:417-428. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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BMI1 is a therapeutic target in recurrent medulloblastoma. Oncogene 2018; 38:1702-1716. [PMID: 30348991 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor, representing 20% of newly diagnosed childhood central nervous system malignancies. Although advances in multimodal therapy yielded a 5-year survivorship of 80%, MB still accounts for the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality. In this work, we describe the epigenetic regulator BMI1 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of recurrent human Group 3 MB, a childhood brain tumor for which there is virtually no treatment option beyond palliation. Current clinical trials for recurrent MB patients based on genomic profiles of primary, treatment-naive tumors will provide limited clinical benefit since recurrent metastatic MBs are highly genetically divergent from their primary tumor. Using a small molecule inhibitor against BMI1, PTC-028, we were able to demonstrate complete ablation of self-renewal of MB stem cells in vitro. When administered to mice xenografted with patient tumors, we observed significant reduction in tumor burden in both local and metastatic compartments and subsequent increased survival, without neurotoxicity. Strikingly, serial in vivo re-transplantation assays demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor initiation ability of recurrent MB cells upon re-transplantation of PTC-028-treated cells into secondary recipient mouse brains. As Group 3 MB is often metastatic and uniformly fatal at recurrence, with no current or planned trials of targeted therapy, an efficacious targeted agent would be rapidly transitioned to clinical trials.
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15
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M JR, S V. BMI1 and PTEN are key determinants of breast cancer therapy: A plausible therapeutic target in breast cancer. Gene 2018; 678:302-311. [PMID: 30096458 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BMI-1 (B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1) is a key protein partner in polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that helps in maintaining the integrity of the complex. It is also a key player in ubiquitination of histone H2A which affects gene expression pattern involved in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, growth, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. In many cancers, Overexpression of BMI1correlates with advanced stages of disease, aggressive clinicopathological behavior, poor prognosis resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. BMI1 is emerging as a key player in EMT, chemo-resistance and cancer stemness. Overexpression is observed in various cancer types such as breast, primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric, ovarian, head and neck, pancreatic and lung cancer. Studies have shown that experimental reduction of BMI protein level in tumor cells results in inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and/or senescence, and increases susceptibility to cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy. Thus, inhibition of BMI1 expression particularly in breast cancer stem cells can be used as a potential strategy for the complete elimination of tumor and to prevent disease relapse. On other hand PTEN is known to be an important tumor suppressor next to p53. In many cancers particularly in breast cancer, p53 and PTEN undergo mutations. Studies have indicated the functional and mechanistic link between the BMI-1oncoprotein and tumor suppressor PTEN in the development and progression of cancer. The current review focuses on recent findings of how oncogenicity and chemo-resistance are caused by BMI1. It also highlights the transcriptional regulation between BMI1 and PTEN that dictates the therapeutic outcome in cancers where the functional p53 is absent. Herein, we have clearly demonstrated the regulation of transcription at genomic loci of BMI1 and PTEN in cancerous tissue or cells and the possible epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) at BMI1 and PTEN loci that may provide some clue for the possible therapy against TNBC in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah M
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India.
| | - Vaishnave S
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
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16
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Zhou X, Natino D, Qin Z, Wang D, Tian Z, Cai X, Wang B, He X. Identification and functional characterization of circRNA-0008717 as an oncogene in osteosarcoma through sponging miR-203. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22288-22300. [PMID: 29854278 PMCID: PMC5976464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulator in the development and progression of human cancers, however its role in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the expression profiles and potential modulation of circRNA on osteosarcoma carcinogenesis. Human circRNA microarray was performed to screen for abnormally expressed circRNA in osteosarcoma tissue and circRNA-0008717 was identified as one circRNA significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissue. Osteosarcoma patients with high circRNA-0008717 expression had shortened survival. Gain and loss functional assays suggested that knockdown of circRNA-0008717 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted cell apoptosis. By using biotin-labeled circRNA-0008717 probe to perform RNA precipitation in osteosarcoma cells, we identified miR-203 as the circ0008717-associated microRNA. Subsequently, Bmi-1 was identified as the functional target of miR-203. In addition, overexpression of circRNA-0008717 in osteosarcoma could elevate Bmi-1 expression, resulting in the promotion of osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, the tumor promoting effect of circRNA-0008717 was abolished by miR-203 mimics or Bmi-1 silencing vector. In conclusion, circRNA-0008717 plays an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, silence of circRNA-0008717 could be a future direction to develop a novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dimple Natino
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zili Qin
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Cai
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Pindiprolu SKSS, Krishnamurthy PT, Chintamaneni PK. Pharmacological targets of breast cancer stem cells: a review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:463-479. [PMID: 29476201 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers contain small population of tumor-initiating cells called breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are spared even after chemotherapy. Recently, BCSCs are implicated to be a cause of metastasis, tumor relapse, and therapy resistance in breast cancer. BCSCs have unique molecular mechanisms, which can be targeted to eliminate them. These include surface biomarkers, proteins involved in self-renewal pathways, drug efflux transporters, apoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins, autophagy, metabolism, and microenvironment regulation. The complex molecular mechanisms behind the survival of BCSCs and pharmacological targets for elimination of BCSCs are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Praveen T Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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18
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Benedetti S, Uno N, Hoshiya H, Ragazzi M, Ferrari G, Kazuki Y, Moyle LA, Tonlorenzi R, Lombardo A, Chaouch S, Mouly V, Moore M, Popplewell L, Kazuki K, Katoh M, Naldini L, Dickson G, Messina G, Oshimura M, Cossu G, Tedesco FS. Reversible immortalisation enables genetic correction of human muscle progenitors and engineering of next-generation human artificial chromosomes for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:254-275. [PMID: 29242210 PMCID: PMC5801502 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferring large or multiple genes into primary human stem/progenitor cells is challenged by restrictions in vector capacity, and this hurdle limits the success of gene therapy. A paradigm is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an incurable disorder caused by mutations in the largest human gene: dystrophin. The combination of large-capacity vectors, such as human artificial chromosomes (HACs), with stem/progenitor cells may overcome this limitation. We previously reported amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype in mice transplanted with murine muscle progenitors containing a HAC with the entire dystrophin locus (DYS-HAC). However, translation of this strategy to human muscle progenitors requires extension of their proliferative potential to withstand clonal cell expansion after HAC transfer. Here, we show that reversible cell immortalisation mediated by lentivirally delivered excisable hTERT and Bmi1 transgenes extended cell proliferation, enabling transfer of a novel DYS-HAC into DMD satellite cell-derived myoblasts and perivascular cell-derived mesoangioblasts. Genetically corrected cells maintained a stable karyotype, did not undergo tumorigenic transformation and retained their migration ability. Cells remained myogenic in vitro (spontaneously or upon MyoD induction) and engrafted murine skeletal muscle upon transplantation. Finally, we combined the aforementioned functions into a next-generation HAC capable of delivering reversible immortalisation, complete genetic correction, additional dystrophin expression, inducible differentiation and controllable cell death. This work establishes a novel platform for complex gene transfer into clinically relevant human muscle progenitors for DMD gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Narumi Uno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hoshiya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Ragazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Louise Anne Moyle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- AIM/AFM Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- AIM/AFM Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Paris, France
| | - Marc Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Linda Popplewell
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Motonobu Katoh
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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19
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Liu J, Liu K, Jiang X, Wang X, Chen Y, Cui X, Pang L, Li S, Liu C, Zou H, Yang L, Zhao J, Qi Y, Hu JM, Li F. Clinicopathological significance of Bmi-1 overexpression in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2017; 12:71-81. [PMID: 29240461 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The clinicopathological effects of Bmi-1 expression in esophageal cancer remain widely disputed. Our aim was to clarify this relationship. METHODS Available studies were retrieved from diverse databases. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to identify correlations between Bmi-1 expression and the clinicopathological features of esophageal cancer. RESULTS From 16 studies, 1523 esophageal cancer patients were analyzed. Meta-analysis demonstrated that Bmi-1 overexpression was associated with differentiation (p = 0.03), tumor/node/metastasis stage (p = 0.02), depth of invasion (p = 0.0006) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION The expression of Bmi-1 is associated with the progression and invasion of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Liu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Xianli Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Jian Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
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20
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Wei K, Xie Y, Chen T, Fu B, Cui S, Wang Y, Cai G, Chen X. ERK1/2 signaling mediated naringin-induced osteogenic differentiation of immortalized human periodontal ligament stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:319-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ji H, Cao M, Ren K, Sun N, Wang W, Zhu Q, Zang Q, Jiang Z. Expression and Clinicopathological Significance of Mel-18 and Bmi-1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:828-834. [PMID: 28425347 PMCID: PMC5762038 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617705055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb group genes are a general class of regulators that are responsible for maintaining homeotic gene expression throughout cell division. Polycomb group expression plays an important role in oncogenesis of several types of human cancer. Melanoma nuclear protein 18 and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 are key Polycomb group proteins. Studies have shown that melanoma nuclear protein 18 is a potential tumor suppression, and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 is overexpressed in several human malignancies. However, the roles of melanoma nuclear protein 18 and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of melanoma nuclear protein 18 and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 in 89 esophageal cancer tissues and paired normal mucosal tissues using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. We found that the expression of melanoma nuclear protein 18 in the carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in the noncancerous mucosal tissues (P < .05), and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 expression in the carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the noncancerous mucosal tissues (P < .05). In addition, the expression of melanoma nuclear protein 18 was correlated with clinical stage, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis (P < .05) but was not correlated with gender, age, degree of differentiation, or disease-free survival (P > .05). B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 expression was strongly correlated with the degree of differentiation, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis (P <.05) but was not correlated with the gender, age, depth of invasion or disease-free survival (P > .05). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between melanoma nuclear protein 18 and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P < .05). Our study suggests that melanoma nuclear protein 18 and B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 may play a crucial role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma nuclear protein 18 or B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Ji
- Division of Surgery, Graduate Department, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlun Ren
- Division of Surgery, Graduate Department, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningbo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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22
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Peng HX, Liu XD, Luo ZY, Zhang XH, Luo XQ, Chen X, Jiang H, Xu L. Upregulation of the proto-oncogene Bmi-1 predicts a poor prognosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28122538 PMCID: PMC5264321 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bmi-1, the B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1, is a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family and acts as an oncogene in various tumors; however, its expression related to the prognosis of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has not been well studied. METHODS The Bmi-1 expression levels in the bone marrow of 104 pediatric ALL patients and 18 normal control subjects were determined by using qRT-PCR. The association between the Bmi-1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of pediatric ALL patients was analyzed, and the correlation between Bmi-1 and the prognosis of pediatric ALL was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, the association between Bmi-1 expression and its transcriptional regulator Sall4 was investigated. RESULTS Compared to normal control subjects, patients with primary pediatric ALL exhibited upregulated levels of Bmi-1. However, these levels were sharply decreased in patients who achieved complete remission. A significant positive association between elevated Bmi-1 levels and a poor response to prednisone as well as an increased clinical risk was observed. Patients who overexpressed Bmi-1 at the time of diagnosis had a lower relapse-free survival (RFS) rate (75.8%), whereas patients with lower Bmi-1 expression had an RFS of 94.1%. Furthermore, in ALL patients, the mRNA expression of Bmi-1 was positively correlated to the mRNA expression of Sall4a. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that Bmi-1 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in pediatric primary ALL and may be partially regulated by Sall4a. Our study also showed that Bmi-1 could serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Peng
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yan Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
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Yi C, Li BB, Zhou CX. Bmi-1 expression predicts prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition–related factors. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 22:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sahasrabuddhe AA. BMI1: A Biomarker of Hematologic Malignancies. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:65-75. [PMID: 27168727 PMCID: PMC4859448 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s33376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BMI1 oncogene is a catalytic member of epigenetic repressor polycomb group proteins. It plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression pattern and consequently several cellular processes during development, including cell cycle progression, senescence, aging, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and importantly self-renewal of adult stem cells of several lineages. Preponderance of evidences indicates that deregulated expression of PcG protein BMI1 is associated with several human malignancies, cancer stem cell maintenance, and propagation. Importantly, overexpression of BMI1 correlates with therapy failure in cancer patients and tumor relapse. This review discusses the diverse mode of BMI1 regulation at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels as well as at various critical signaling pathways regulated by BMI1 activity. Furthermore, this review highlights the role of BMI1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for several subtypes of hematologic malignancies and the importance to target this biomarker for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagh A Sahasrabuddhe
- Department of Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Chhattisgarh, India
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Borah A, Raveendran S, Rochani A, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Targeting self-renewal pathways in cancer stem cells: clinical implications for cancer therapy. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e177. [PMID: 26619402 PMCID: PMC4670961 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive cancer research in the past few decades has identified the existence of a rare subpopulation of stem cells in the grove of cancer cells. These cells are known as the cancer stem cells marked by the presence of surface biomarkers, multi-drug resistance pumps and deregulated self-renewal pathways (SRPs). They have a crucial role in provoking cancer cells leading to tumorigenesis and its progressive metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are much alike to normal stem cells in their self-renewal mechanisms. However, deregulations in the SRPs are seen in CSCs, making them resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents resulting in the tumor recurrence. Current treatment strategies in cancer fail to detect and differentiate the CSCs from their non-tumorigenic progenies owing to absence of specific biomarkers. Now, it has become imperative to understand complex functional biology of CSCs, especially the signaling pathways to design improved treatment strategies to target them. It is hopeful that the SRPs in CSCs offer a promising target to alter their survival strategies and impede their tumorigenic potential. However, there are many perils associated with the direct targeting method by conventional therapeutic agents such as off targets, poor bioavailability and poor cellular distribution. Recent evidences have shown an increased use of small molecule antagonists directly to target these SRPs may lead to severe side-effects. An alternative to solve these issues could be an appropriate nanoformulation. Nanoformulations of these molecules could provide an added advantage for the selective targeting of the pathways especially Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch and B-cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 in the CSCs while sparing the normal stem cells. Hence, to achieve this goal a complete understanding of the molecular pathways corroborate with the use of holistic nanosystem (nanomaterial inhibition molecule) could possibly be an encouraging direction for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borah
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Raveendran
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Rochani
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Maekawa
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - D S Kumar
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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Zhu H, Ma J, Du R, Zheng L, Wu J, Song W, Niu Z, He X, Du E, Zhao S, Hua J. Characterization of immortalized dairy goat male germline stem cells (mGSCs). J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1549-60. [PMID: 24692210 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Male germline stem cells (mGSCs), in charge for the fertility in male testis, are the only kind of adult stem cells that transmit genetic information to next generation, with promising prospects in germplasm resources preservation and optimization, and production of transgenic animals. Mouse male germline stem cell lines have been established and are valuable for studying the mechanisms of spermatogenesis. However, there is a lack of stable mGSC cell lines in livestock, which restricts the progress of transgenic research and related biotechnology. Here, we firstly established an immortalized dairy goat mGSC cell line to study the biological properties and the signaling pathways associated with mGSCs self-renewal and differentiation. The ectopic factors SV40 large T antigen and Bmi1 genes were transduced into dairy goat mGSCs, and the results showed that the proliferation of these cells that were named mGSCs-I-SB was improved significantly. They maintained the typical characteristics including the expression of mGSC markers, and the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers, sperm-like cells in vitro. Additionally, mGSCs-I-SB survived and differentiated into three germ layer cell types when they were transplanted into chicken embryos. Importantly, the cells also survived in mouse spermatogenesis deficiency model testis which seemed to be the golden standard to examine mGSCs. Conclusively, our results demonstrate that mGSCs-I-SB present the characteristics of mGSCs and may promote the future study on goat mGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Wang MC, Li CL, Cui J, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing LI, Nan KJ. BMI-1, a promising therapeutic target for human cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:583-588. [PMID: 26622537 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BMI-1 oncogene is a member of the polycomb-group gene family and a transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of BMI-1 has been identified in various human cancer tissues and is known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, cell invasion, distant metastasis, chemosensitivity and patient survival. Accumulating evidence has revealed that BMI-1 is also involved in the regulation of self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological processes remain unclear. The present review summarized the function of BMI-1 in different human cancer types and CSCs, and discussed the signaling pathways in which BMI-1 is potentially involved. In conclusion, BMI-1 may represent a promising target for the prevention and therapy of various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - L I Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Bhattacharya R, Mustafi SB, Street M, Dey A, Dwivedi SKD. Bmi-1: At the crossroads of physiological and pathological biology. Genes Dis 2015; 2:225-239. [PMID: 26448339 PMCID: PMC4593320 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bmi-1 is a member of the Polycomb repressor complex 1 that mediates gene silencing by regulating chromatin structure and is indispensable for self-renewal of both normal and cancer stem cells. Despite three decades of research that have elucidated the transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of Bmi-1 in regulating the DNA damage response, cellular bioenergetics, and pathologies, the entire potential of a protein with such varied functions remains to be realized. This review attempts to synthesize the current knowledge on Bmi-1 with an emphasis on its role in both normal physiology and cancer. Additionally, since cancer stem cells are emerging as a new paradigm for therapy resistance, the role of Bmi-1 in this perspective is also highlighted. The wide spectrum of malignancies that implicate Bmi-1 as a signature for stemness and oncogenesis also make it a suitable candidate for therapy. Nonetheless, new approaches are vitally needed to further characterize physiological roles of Bmi-1 with the long-term goal of using Bmi-1 as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States of America
| | - Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States of America
| | - Mark Street
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States of America
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States of America
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States of America
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29
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Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zheng G, Yang Y, Wang L, Du L, Wang C. Direct serum assay for cell-free bmi-1 mRNA and its potential diagnostic and prognostic value for colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:1225-33. [PMID: 25547677 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell-free Bmi-1 mRNA is stably detectable in the serum/plasma and is associated with the development and progression of some tumors. Previous methods detecting extracellular Bmi-1 mRNA with RNA extraction are inefficient. This study developed a novel reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) approach directly applied in serum (RT-qPCR-D) to quantify Bmi-1 mRNA, and assessed its diagnostic and prognostic potential in colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The feasibility of the RT-qPCR-D method was first analyzed in 50 serum samples. Then, using the RT-qPCR-D method, Bmi-1 mRNA expression was validated in serum from an independent cohort of patients with 87 normal colonoscopy, 76 hyperplastic polyp, 82 inflammatory bowel disease, 68 adenoma, and 158 colorectal cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox analyses were used to evaluate its diagnosis and prognosis value, respectively. RESULTS In a pilot study, levels of Bmi-1 mRNA were increased in colorectal cancer serum samples detected by RT-qPCR-D and significantly associated with results obtained by RT-qPCR. In a validation cohort, serum Bmi-1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the colorectal cancer group and the adenoma group when compared with other groups. The area under ROC curve distinguishing colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases was 0.888, with 72.2% sensitivity and 94.9% specificity, which was superior to carcinoembryogenic antigen. Bmi-1 mRNA levels were significantly associated with survival. Cox analysis indicated Bmi-1 mRNA was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Detection of cell-free Bmi-1 mRNA in serum by RT-qPCR-D is a simple and noninvasive approach and may be used for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guixi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongmei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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30
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Liang J, Wang P, Xie S, Wang W, Zhou X, Hu J, Shi Q, Zhang X, Yu R. Bmi-1 regulates the migration and invasion of glioma cells through p16. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:283-90. [PMID: 25262972 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bmi-1 is involved in the development of several human cancers; however, its significance in glioma progression remains largely unknown. We report that downregulation of Bmi-1 clearly reduces glioma cell migration and invasion. Downregulation of Bmi-1 promotes the expression of the tumor suppressor p16, which is important in glioma cell motility. Reduction in glioma cell invasion due to downregulation of Bmi-1 could be rescued by p16 downregulation. These results show that Bmi-1 contributes to the motility of glioma cells by regulating the expression of p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, P. R. China; Lab of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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31
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Tao J, Liu YL, Zhang G, Ma YY, Cui BB, Yang YM. Expression and clinicopathological significance of Mel-18 mRNA in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9619-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Liu PW, Lin Y, Chen XY. Expression of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 mRNA and protein in gastric cancer. J Dig Dis 2014; 15:166-73. [PMID: 24393364 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of GC. METHODS Laser capture microdissection combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to determine the expressions of Bmi-1, the cellular homologue of avian myelocytomatosis virus (c-Myc), enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) in 20 GC specimens and the adjacent non-cancerous gastric tissues. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of Bmi-1 in GC were increased compared with those of the non-cancerous gastric tissues (P = 0.012 and P = 0.000, respectively). Bmi-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, invasion and lymph node metastasis. At both mRNA and protein levels, Bmi-1 was positively correlated with c-Myc and EZH2, but negatively correlated with PTEN and E-cadherin. CONCLUSION Bmi-1 might be involved in GC at both transcription and translation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Lian X, Wang H, Wei X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Guo L, Zhao Y, Chen X. BMI‑1 is important in bufalin‑induced apoptosis of K562 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1209-17. [PMID: 24566825 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of bufalin on the gene expression of K562 cells and on the expression of BMI‑1 pathway constituents in K562 cell apoptosis. K562 cells were treated with bufalin, and the inhibition rate and apoptosis were detected by an MTT assay, flow cytometry and a microarray assay. BMI‑1, p16INK4a and p14ARF were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Bufalin induced significant changes in the gene expression of the K562 cells; 4296 genes were differentially expressed, 2185 were upregulated and 2111 were downregulated. The most upregulated genes were associated with transcription regulation, while the most downregulated genes were associated with the non-coding RNA metabolic processes and DNA repair. qPCR analysis demonstrated that BMI‑1 was overexpressed in the K562 cells. Bufalin is able to downregulate BMI‑1 expression levels in K562 cells prematurely and cause an increase in the expression levels of p16INK4a and p14ARF. Moreover, bufalin downregulated BCR/ABL expression levels in a time‑dependent manner, and the expression of BCR/ABL was not associated with the upregulation or downregulation of BMI‑1 expression. Bufalin may induce K562 cell apoptosis by downregulating BMI‑1 expression levels and accordingly upregulating the expression levels of p16INK4a and p14ARF. Bufalin may also induce K562 cell apoptosis via downregulating BCR/ABL expression levels, and this pathway may be independent of the BMI‑1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lian
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Xucang Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qishan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiequn Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Organista-Nava J, Gómez-Gómez Y, Gariglio P. Embryonic stem cell-specific signature in cervical cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1727-38. [PMID: 24163107 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide range of invasive and noninvasive lesion phenotypes associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in cervical cancer (CC) indicates that not only the virus but also specific cervical epithelial cells in the transformation zone (TZ), such as stem cells (SCs), play an important part in the development of cervical neoplasia. In this review, we focused in an expression signature that is specific to embryonic SCs and to poorly differentiated cervical malignant tumors and we hypothesize that this expression signature may play an important role to promote cell growth, survival, colony formation, lack of adhesion, as well as cell invasion and migration in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Organista-Nava
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, DF, México,
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35
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Wu C, Xie Y, Gao F, Wang Y, Guo Y, Tian H, Li Y, Fan W. Lgr5 expression as stem cell marker in human gastric gland and its relatedness with other putative cancer stem cell markers. Gene 2013; 525:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bartesaghi S, Salomoni P. Tumor suppressive pathways in the control of neurogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:581-97. [PMID: 22802124 PMCID: PMC11113109 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of specialized neural cells in the developing and postnatal central nervous system is a highly regulated process, whereby neural stem cells divide to generate committed neuronal progenitors, which then withdraw from the cell cycle and start to differentiate. Cell cycle checkpoints play a major role in regulating the balance between neural stem cell expansion and differentiation. Loss of tumor suppressors involved in checkpoint control can lead to dramatic alterations of neurogenesis, thus contributing to neoplastic transformation. Here we summarize and critically discuss the existing literature on the role of tumor suppressive pathways and their regulatory networks in the control of neurogenesis and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bartesaghi
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
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37
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Shahi MH, Rey JA, Castresana JS. The sonic hedgehog-GLI1 signaling pathway in brain tumor development. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:1227-38. [PMID: 22992192 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.720975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is a regulatory network involved in development and cancer. Proteins like Ptch, SMO, and Gli are central to the Shh pathway. Other proteins like HHIP, SUFU, Bmi-1, Cyclin D2, Plakoglobin, PAX6, Nkx2.2, and SFRP1 are not so well understood in Shh regulation as Gli-1 downstream target genes. AREAS COVERED In this review we try to explain the Shh pathway components and their role in development and cancer, mainly of the brain. A summary of each of the proteins is presented together with an overview of their involvement in cancer. EXPERT OPINION Genetic alterations of the Shh pathway have been detected in cancer stem cells, a subgroup of tumor cells implicated in the origin and maintenance of tumors, being responsible for cancer recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Cancer stem cells constitute a novel target for biomedical researchers. Specifically, the Shh pathway is being explored as a new opportunity for targeted therapies against tumors. Therefore, a better knowledge of every of the regulators of the Shh pathway is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi H Shahi
- University of California, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, CA, USA
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Tong YQ, Liu B, Zheng HY, He YJ, Gu J, Li F, Li Y. Overexpression of BMI-1 is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2012; 8:e55-62. [PMID: 22898137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2012.01564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been reported that BMI-1, a gene transcription promoter overexpressed in various human cancers, is associated with poor survival. We investigated whether BMI-1 is a marker for cervical cancer by detecting the expression of BMI-1 in cervical cancer. METHODS An immunohistochemistry (IHC) streptavidin-peroxidase technique was used to identify BMI-1 protein expression in 302 cervical cancer specimens. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to measure BMI-1 mRNA and protein level. The correlation between BMI-1 expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. RESULTS Both BMI-1 mRNA and protein expression were evident in cervical carcinoma tissues. An intense positive rate of 55.3% (167/302) was observed by IHC. High BMI-1 expression was correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (P < 0.05), but there is insufficient evidence to confirm its value in tumor size, age, estrogen or progesterone receptor (P > 0.05). The BMI-1 protein level was positively correlated with the clinical stages of cervical carcinoma and a high BMI-1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The high expression of BMI-1 in cervical cancer is related to tumor progression, lymph node metastasis and HPV infection, suggesting that cervical cancer with excessive BMI-1 expression possesses high metastases potential and that BMI-1 may be a promising biomarker for predicting metastasis in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430060, China
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Cao L, Bombard J, Cintron K, Sheedy J, Weetall ML, Davis TW. BMI1 as a novel target for drug discovery in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:2729-41. [PMID: 21678481 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that clonogenic cancer stem (initiating) cells are responsible for tumor regrowth and disease relapse. Bmi-1 plays a critical role in the self-renewal of adult stem cells. The Bmi-1 protein is elevated in many types of cancers, and experimental reduction of Bmi-1 protein levels by small interfering RNA (siRNA) causes apoptosis and/or senescence in tumor cells in vitro and increases susceptibility to cytotoxic agents. The Bmi-1 protein has no known enzymatic activity, but serves as the key regulatory component of the PRC1 complex (polycomb repressive complex-1). This complex influences chromatin structure and regulates transcriptional activity of a number of important loci including the Ink4a locus which encodes the tumor suppressor proteins p16(Ink4a) and p14(Arf) . In this prospective study, we will discuss the implication of BMI1 in cancers, the biology of BMI1, and the regulatory control of BMI1 expression. The target validation and the future prospects of targeting BMI1 in cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxian Cao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, New Jersey 07080, USA.
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Bahl K, Saraya A, Sharma R. Increased Levels of Circulating and Tissue mRNAs of Oct-4, Sox-2, Bmi-1 and Nanog is ESCC Patients: Potential Tool for Minimally Invasive Cancer Diagnosis. Biomark Insights 2012; 7:27-37. [PMID: 22493560 PMCID: PMC3320115 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s8452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early stages of esophageal cancer lack a specific symptom, a reliable biomarker and accurate non-invasive diagnostic modalities prompting the pressing need for identification of a marker for early diagnosis of this disease. Methods In the present study we investigated the levels of circulating and tissue mRNAs of Oct-3/4, Sox-2, Nanog and Bmi-1 in esophageal cancer patients using Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) with the aim of evaluating their potential as minimally invasive diagnostic markers. Result Increased transcript levels of Oct-4, Sox-2, Bmi-1 and Nanog were detected in (92%), (95%), (75%) and (67%) of the esophageal cancer tissues, respectively as compared with the matched distant normals. Conclusion Interestingly, most of the preneoplastic tissues exhibited increased transcript levels of these stemness markers suggesting their role in early stages of esophageal tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the detection of elevated levels of circulating mRNAs of Oct-4 and Nanog in sera of esophageal cancer patients emphasizes their potential as minimally invasive diagnostic markers for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Bahl
- M.Tech, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16 C, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075
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Cao G, Gu M, Zhu M, Gao J, Yin Y, Marshall C, Xiao M, Ding J, Miao D. Bmi-1 absence causes premature brain degeneration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32015. [PMID: 22363787 PMCID: PMC3282795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmi-1, a polycomb transcriptional repressor, is implicated in cell cycle regulation and cell senescence. Its absence results in generalized astrogliosis and epilepsy during the postnatal development, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the brain of four-week-old Bmi-1 null mice. The mice showed various hallmarks of neurodegeneration including synaptic loss, axonal demyelination, reactive gliosis and brain mitochondrial damage. Moreover, astroglial glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase decreased in the Bmi-1 null hippocampus, which might contribute to the sporadic epileptic-like seizures in these mice. These results indicate that Bmi-1 is required for maintaining endogenous antioxidant defenses in the brain, and its absence subsequently causes premature brain degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxia Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhu
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yin
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Charles Marshall
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky Center For Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiong Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Spike BT, Wahl GM. p53, Stem Cells, and Reprogramming: Tumor Suppression beyond Guarding the Genome. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:404-19. [PMID: 21779509 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911410224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is well recognized as a potent tumor suppressor. In its classic role, p53 responds to genotoxic insults by inducing cell cycle exit or programmed cell death to limit the propagation of cells with corrupted genomes. p53 is also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes in which its involvement is less well understood including self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming. These activities represent an emerging area of intense interest for cancer biologists, as they provide potential mechanistic links between p53 loss and the stem cell-like cellular plasticity that has been suggested to contribute to tumor cell heterogeneity and to drive tumor progression. Despite accumulating evidence linking p53 loss to stem-like phenotypes in cancer, it is not yet understood how p53 contributes to acquisition of "stemness" at the molecular level. Whether and how stem-like cells confer survival advantages to propagate the tumor also remain to be resolved. Furthermore, although it seems reasonable that the combination of p53 deficiency and the stem-like state could contribute to the genesis of cancers that are refractory to treatment, direct linkages and mechanistic underpinnings remain under investigation. Here, we discuss recent findings supporting the connection between p53 loss and the emergence of tumor cells bearing functional and molecular similarities to stem cells. We address several potential molecular and cellular mechanisms that may contribute to this link, and we discuss implications of these findings for the way we think about cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Spike
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Dominant-negative C/ebpα and polycomb group protein Bmi1 extend short-lived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell life span and induce lethal dyserythropoiesis. Blood 2011; 118:3842-52. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-327908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) during embryonic hematopoiesis are thought to be short-lived (SL) with limited self-renewal potential. The fate and consequence of these short-lived HSPCs, once reprogrammed into “long-lived” in a living animal body, remain unknown. Here we show that targeted expression of a dominant-negative C/ebpα (C/ebpαDN) in the primitive SL-HSPCs during zebrafish embryogenesis extends their life span, allowing them to survive to later developmental stage to colonize the definitive hematopoietic sites, where they undergo a proliferative expansion followed by erythropoietic dysplasia and embryonic lethality because of circulation congestion. Mechanistically, C/ebpαDN binds to a conserved C/EBP-binding motif in the promoter region of bmi1 gene, associated with a specific induction of bmi1 transcription in the transgenic embryos expressing C/ebpαDN. Targeted expression of Bmi1 in the SL-HSPCs recapitulates nearly all aberrant phenotypes induced by C/ebpαDN, whereas knockdown of bmi1 largely rescues these abnormalities. The results indicate that Bmi1 acts immediately downstream of C/ebpαDN to regulate the survival and self-renewal of HSPCs and contribute to the erythropoietic dysplasia.
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Hoenerhoff M, Chu IM, Green JE. BMI1 suffers a degrading experience. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:1894-5. [PMID: 21593587 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.12.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hoenerhoff
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Huber GF, Albinger-Hegyi A, Soltermann A, Roessle M, Graf N, Haerle SK, Holzmann D, Moch H, Hegyi I. Expression patterns of Bmi-1 and p16 significantly correlate with overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2011; 117:4659-70. [PMID: 21448927 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to link expression patterns of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) and p16 to patient outcome (recurrence and survival) in a cohort of 252 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OSCC). METHODS Expression levels of Bmi-1 and p16 in samples from 252 patients with OSCC were evaluated immunohistochemically using the tissue microarray method. Staining intensity was determined by calculating an intensity reactivity score (IRS). Staining intensity and the localization of expression within tumor cells (nuclear or cytoplasmic) were correlated with overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS The majority of cancers were localized in the oropharynx (61.1%). In univariate analysis, patients who had OSCC and strong Bmi-1 expression (IRS >10) had worse outcomes compared with patients who had low and moderate Bmi-1 expression (P = .008; hazard ratio [HR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.167-2.838); this correlation was also observed for atypical cytoplasmic Bmi-1 expression (P = .001; HR, 2.164; 95% CI, 1.389-3.371) and for negative p16 expression (P < .001; HR, 0.292; 95% CI, 0.178-0.477). The combination of both markers, as anticipated, had an even stronger correlation with overall survival (P < .001; HR, 8.485; 95% CI, 4.237-16.994). Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant results for patients with oropharyngeal cancers, but not for patients with oral cavity tumors: Tumor classification (P = .011; HR, 1.838; 95%CI, 1.146-2.947) and the combined marker expression patterns (P < .001; HR, 6.254; 95% CI, 2.869-13.635) were correlated with overall survival, disease-specific survival (tumor classification: P = .002; HR, 2.807; 95% CI, 1.477-5.334; combined markers: P = .002; HR, 5.386; 95% CI, 1.850-15.679), and the combined markers also were correlated with recurrence-free survival (P = .001; HR, 8.943; 95% CI, 2.562-31.220). CONCLUSIONS Cytoplasmic Bmi-1 expression, an absence of p16 expression, and especially the combination of those 2 predictive markers were correlated negatively with disease-specific and recurrence-free survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Therefore, the current results indicate that these may be applicable as predictive markers in combination with other factors to select patients for more aggressive treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard F Huber
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lu YW, Li J, Guo WJ. Expression and clinicopathological significance of Mel-18 and Bmi-1 mRNA in gastric carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:143. [PMID: 21059209 PMCID: PMC2993658 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The Polycomb group (PcG) genes are a class of regulators responsible for maintaining homeotic gene expression throughout cell division. PcG expression is deregulated in some types of human cancer. Both Bmi-1 and Mel-18 are of the key PcG proteins. We investigate the expression and clinicopathological roles of Mel-18 and Bmi-1 mRNA in gastric cancer. Methods The expression of Mel-18 and Bmi-1 in a series of 71 gastric cancer tissues and paired normal mucosal tissues distant from the tumorous lesion was assayed by quantitative real time RT-PCR. The correlation between Mel-18 and Bmi-1 mRNA expression, and between Mel-18 or Bmi-1 mRNA level and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Results Expression of Mel-18 and Bmi-1 genes was variably detected, but overexpression of Bmi-1 mRNA and decreased expression of Mel-18 mRNA were the most frequent alteration. In addition, the expression of Bmi-1 and Mel-18 mRNA inversely correlates in gastric tumors. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between Bmi-1 overexpression and tumor size, depth of invasion, or lymph node metastasis, and a significant negative correlation between Mel-18 low-expression with lymph node metastasis or the clinical stage were observed. Conclusion Our data suggest that Mel-18 and Bmi-1 may play crucial but opposite roles in gastric cancer. Decreased Mel-18 and increased Bmi-1 mRNA expression was associated with the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. It is possible to list Bmi-1 and Mel-18 as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; China.
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Yadav AK, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Dimri M, Bommi PV, Sainger R, Dimri GP. Deletion analysis of BMI1 oncoprotein identifies its negative regulatory domain. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:158. [PMID: 20569464 PMCID: PMC2900245 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polycomb group (PcG) protein BMI1 is an important regulator of development. Additionally, aberrant expression of BMI1 has been linked to cancer stem cell phenotype and oncogenesis. In particular, its overexpression has been found in several human malignancies including breast cancer. Despite its established role in stem cell maintenance, cancer and development, at present not much is known about the functional domains of BMI1 oncoprotein. In the present study, we carried out a deletion analysis of BMI1 to identify its negative regulatory domain. RESULTS We report that deletion of the C-terminal domain of BMI1, which is rich in proline-serine (PS) residues and previously described as PEST-like domain, increased the stability of BMI1, and promoted its pro-oncogenic activities in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Specifically, overexpression of a PS region deleted mutant of BMI1 increased proliferation of HMECs and promoted an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in the HMECs. Furthermore, when compared to the wild type BMI1, exogenous expression of the mutant BMI1 led to a significant downregulation of p16INK4a and an efficient bypass of cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data suggest that the PS domain of BMI1 is involved in its stability and that it negatively regulates function of BMI1 oncoprotein. Our results also suggest that the PS domain of BMI1 could be targeted for the treatment of proliferative disorders such as cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Yadav
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is associated with basal-like markers and features of aggressive tumours in African breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 102:369-75. [PMID: 20010944 PMCID: PMC2816658 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Putative breast cancer stem cells might express surface markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and BMI-1 proteins. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of these proteins in breast cancers from an African population and their associations with the basal-like phenotype (BLP) and other molecular characteristics. METHODS We analysed 192 paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma samples by tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS In total, 88 tumours (48%) expressed ALDH1, whereas 46 (25%) expressed BMI-1 protein. Expression of ALDH1 was associated with high histological grade (P<0.0005), high mitotic count (P<0.0005), high nuclear grade (P<0.0005), oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P<0.0005), progesterone receptor (PR) negativity (P=0.009), p53 expression (P=0.034), cytokeratin 5/6 positivity (P=0.008), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (P=0.015) and the BLP (P<0.0005), whereas it was inversely associated with BMI-1 staining (P=0.009). On the other hand, BMI-1 expression was associated with low histological grade (P=0.004) and ER positivity (P=0.001). CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of ALDH1 expression among breast carcinomas and associations with basal markers and features of aggressive tumours. Studies are required to elucidate the importance of these findings for improved understanding of breast cancer biology.
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Molecular genetic analysis of Suppressor 2 of zeste identifies key functional domains. Genetics 2009; 182:999-1013. [PMID: 19528329 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.108.097360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Su(z)2 complex contains Posterior sex combs (Psc) and Suppressor 2 of zeste [Su(z)2], two paralogous genes that likely arose by gene duplication. Psc encodes a Polycomb group protein that functions as a central component of the PRC1 complex, which maintains transcriptional repression of a wide array of genes. Although much is known about Psc, very little is known about Su(z)2, the analysis of which has been hampered by a dearth of alleles. We have generated new alleles of Su(z)2 and analyzed them at the genetic and molecular levels. Some of these alleles display negative complementation in that they cause lethality when heterozygous with the gain-of-function Su(z)2(1) allele but are hemizygous and, in some cases, homozygous viable. Interestingly, alleles of this class identify protein domains within Su(z)2 that are highly conserved in Psc and the mammalian Bmi-1 and Mel-18 proteins. We also find several domains of intrinsic disorder in the C-terminal regions of both Psc and Su(z)2 and suggest that these domains may contribute to the essential functions of both proteins.
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Liu JH, Song LB, Zhang X, Guo BH, Feng Y, Li XX, Liao WT, Zeng MS, Huang KH. Bmi-1 expression predicts prognosis for patients with gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:267-72. [PMID: 18041745 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Bmi-1 gene is a transcriptional repressor involved in oncogenesis in various human cancers. Here, we examine Bmi-1 expression in gastric carcinoma (GC) and investigates whether its expression correlates with patient prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-Bmi-1 antibody on primary tumor samples of 146 cases of GC. The association between Bmi-1 expression and the clinicopathological status and prognosis of GC patients was statistically analyzed. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of Bmi-1 in an additional 8 GC and the adjacent non-cancerous samples. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, we found that 99 of 146 paraffin-embedded GC samples expressed Bmi-1 extensively. Statistical analysis showed that Bmi-1 overexpression was highly correlated with tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and T classification (P < 0.05), Patients with Bmi-1 expression had shorter overall survival time than those without Bmi-1 expression (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that Bmi-1 expression is an independent prognostic factor of GC. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that Bmi-1 was up-regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels in the GC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. CONCLUSIONS Bmi-1 may serve as a valuable marker for diagnosis and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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