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Yavuz Saricay L, Baldwin G, Moulton EA, Gonzalez E, Rajabi F, Hunter DG, Fulton AB. Refractive errors in patients with Bardet Biedl syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:435-440. [PMID: 38953718 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2357296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy. Within corneal development, primary cilia serve a critical role. We sought to investigate the association of BBS with corneal astigmatism among a cohort of patients with BBS. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study performed at a pediatric ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital. The study enrolled 45 patients with genetically confirmed Bardet-Biedl syndrome, encompassing a total of 90 eyes observed from February 2011 to August 2021. Spherical and cylindrical refractive errors and keratometry outcome measures, including diopter (D) values at the flattest and steepest axes, were recorded. Corneal astigmatism of greater than 3D is considered extreme corneal astigmatism based on previously published data. RESULTS Among 45 patients (M:26; F:19), the mean age was 16.4 ± 8.2 years, and the mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60. The most common molecular diagnosis was BBS1, seen in 24 of 45 (53.3%). Among all the patients, the mean spherical refractive error was -2.9 ± 3.8D. The mean cylindrical refractive error was 2.6 ± 1.5D. The mean keratometry values at the flattest axis was 43.5 ± 5.3D (39.4-75.0) and at the steepest axis was 47.2 ± 7.3D(41.5-84.0). Among all the patients with BBS, the mean corneal astigmatism was 3.7 ± 1.0D(0.5-7.1), which is considered extreme. CONCLUSION A cohort of individuals with BBS demonstrated high corneal astigmatism. These results suggest an association between corneal astigmatism and primary ciliary dysfunction and may assist in clinical management and future therapeutic targets among BBS and other corneal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Yavuz Saricay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric A Moulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Efren Gonzalez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farah Rajabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne B Fulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lin Q, Wang X, Peng X, Han T, Sun L, Zhang X, Zhou X. A genetic investigation in five Chinese families with keratoconus. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18037. [PMID: 39238827 PMCID: PMC11376248 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the genetic characteristics of five Chinese families with keratoconus (KC). Methods In the five families affected by KC, medical records, clinical observations, and blood samples were collected from all individuals. All KC family members (n = 20) underwent both whole exome sequencing of genomic DNA and Sanger sequencing to confirm the variants. Online software was utilized to analyze all variants, and the online server I-TASSER was employed for in silico predictions of the three-dimensional protein structures of the variants. The newly discovered variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms were further examined in 322 sporadic KC patients. Results The Pentacam tomographic composite index in those affected first-degree family members of the probands showed a pathological change. Five new variants were detected in the five probands and other affected members in their families: a heterozygous missense variant g.19043832C>T (p.Ser145Asn) in the homer scaffolding protein 3 (HOMER3) gene; a heterozygous missense variant g.99452113G>A (p.Gly483Arg) in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene; a heterozygous missense variant g.55118280G>T (p.Trp843Leu) in the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 6 (EML6) gene; a heterozygous frameshift variant c. 1226_1227del (p.Gln410Glufs*17) in the DOP1 leucine zipper-like protein B (DOP1B) gene; and a heterozygous splice-site variant c.7776+2T>A in the neurobeachin-like protein 2 (NBEAL2) gene. These variations were predicted to be potentially pathogenic and associated with KC. Conclusion Five novel variants in HOMER3, IGF1R, EML6, DOP1B, and NBEAL2 genes were identified in this study and may be associated with the pathogenesis of KC. This study provides new information about the gene variants and their protein changes in KC patients. The findings should be explored further and could potentially be applied to the early diagnosis of KC before clinical onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Refractive Surgery Department, Bright Eye Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliao Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Song C, Li L, Liu C, Hu L, Bai J, Liang W, Zhao L, Song W, Li S. Whole-exome sequencing screening for candidate genes and variants associated with primary sporadic keratoconus in Chinese patients. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109978. [PMID: 38908538 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of keratoconus (KC) is complex, and genetic factors play an important role. The purpose of this study was to screen and analyse candidate genes and variants in Chinese patients with primary sporadic KC. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify candidate genes and variants in 105 unrelated Chinese patients with primary sporadic KC. Through a series of screening processes, 54 candidate variants in 26 KC candidate genes were identified in 53 KC patients (53/105, 50.5%). These 54 candidate variants included 10 previously identified variants in 9 KC candidate genes and 44 novel variants in 20 KC candidate genes. The previously identified variants occurred in 25.7% (27/105) of patients. Of these, 4 variants (COL6A5, c.5014T > G; CAST, c.1814G > A; ZNF469, c.946G > A; and MPDZ, c.3836A > G) were identified for the first time in Chinese KC patients. The novel variants occurred in 33.3% (35/105) of patients. Of the 26 screened KC candidate genes, 11 KC candidate genes (CAT, COL12A1, FLG, HKDC1, HSPG2, PLOD1, ITGA2, TFAP2B, USH2A, WNT10A, and COL6A5) were found to be potentially pathogenic in Chinese KC patients for the first time. Gene Ontology (GO) biological process (BP) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on the 26 KC candidate genes using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The results showed that the KC candidate genes were significantly enriched in biological processes such as collagen fibril organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and in ECM-receptor interaction and protein digestion and absorption pathways. The results further expand the spectrum of KC candidate variants and provide a basis for further KC gene studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Song
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510071, China
| | - Ling Li
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Corneal Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Corneal Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Luping Hu
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Corneal Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weiyan Liang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230031, China; Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Corneal Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenxiu Song
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Corneal Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510071, China; Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Corneal Institute, Beijing, 100021, China; Aier Eye Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230031, China; Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Kounatidou NE, Kondylis G, Klavdianou O, Venkateswaran N, Fryssira E, Palioura S. Progressive Keratoconus in a Patient With Severe Pectus Excavatum and a Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Gene Mutation: A Case Report. Eye Contact Lens 2024; 50:48-51. [PMID: 37934178 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Keratoconus is a progressive ocular disorder associated with numerous systemic diseases, many of which affect the musculoskeletal system. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of the disorder remain elusive, recent studies suggest a significant role of genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. This case report aims to elucidate a potential genetic association in a patient presenting with keratoconus, severe pectus excavatum, generalized muscular weakness, and skeletal deformities. CASE DESCRIPTION A 31-year-old Iranian man presented with progressively diminishing vision in both eyes over the years, eventually diagnosed with keratoconus. The patient's history and further examination indicated generalized muscular weakness, skeletal deformities, and severe pectus excavatum with cardiac and large vessel displacement. Whole-exome sequencing identified two heterozygous gene variants: one in the Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) gene and another in the Regulating Synaptic Membrane Exocytosis 1 gene. The patient's systemic and ocular symptoms, combined with the gene variants identified, suggested a connective tissue systemic disorder, potentially within the clinical spectrum of COMPopathies. CONCLUSION This is the first documented case of bilateral progressive keratoconus associated with severe pectus excavatum, generalized musculoskeletal dystrophy, and a COMP gene mutation. It highlights the necessity of continued search into the pathogenic genes of keratoconus, particularly in cases with coexisting systemic manifestations, to further our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Eleni Kounatidou
- Department of Ophthalmology (N.E.K.), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (G.K., O.K., E.F.), Athens, Greece; Department of Ophthalmology (N.V.), Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.), University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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González-Atienza C, Sánchez-Cazorla E, Villoldo-Fernández N, del Hierro A, Boto A, Guerrero-Carretero M, Nieves-Moreno M, Arruti N, Rodríguez-Solana P, Mena R, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Rosa-Pérez I, Acal JC, Blasco J, Naranjo-Castresana M, Ruz-Caracuel B, Montaño VEF, Ortega Patrón C, Rubio-Martín ME, García-Fernández L, Rikeros-Orozco E, Gómez-Cano MDLÁ, Delgado-Mora L, Noval S, Vallespín E. Whole-Exome Sequencing of 24 Spanish Families: Candidate Genes for Non-Syndromic Pediatric Keratoconus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1838. [PMID: 37895187 PMCID: PMC10606385 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratoconus is a corneal dystrophy that is one of the main causes of corneal transplantation and for which there is currently no effective treatment for all patients. The presentation of this disease in pediatric age is associated with rapid progression, a worse prognosis and, in 15-20% of cases, the need for corneal transplantation. It is a multifactorial disease with genetic variability, which makes its genetic study difficult. Discovering new therapeutic targets is necessary to improve the quality of life of patients. In this manuscript, we present the results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 24 pediatric families diagnosed at the University Hospital La Paz (HULP) in Madrid. The results show an oligogenic inheritance of the disease. Genes involved in the structure, function, cell adhesion, development and repair pathways of the cornea are proposed as candidate genes for the disease. Further studies are needed to confirm the involvement of the candidate genes described in this article in the development of pediatric keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Atienza
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Eloísa Sánchez-Cazorla
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Natalia Villoldo-Fernández
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
| | - Almudena del Hierro
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Boto
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guerrero-Carretero
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Rocío Mena
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.R.-O.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Pérez
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
| | - Juan Carlos Acal
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
| | - Joana Blasco
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
| | - Marta Naranjo-Castresana
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
| | - Beatriz Ruz-Caracuel
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.R.-O.); (L.D.-M.)
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.R.-O.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Cristina Ortega Patrón
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - M. Esther Rubio-Martín
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Laura García-Fernández
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Emi Rikeros-Orozco
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.R.-O.); (L.D.-M.)
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María de Los Ángeles Gómez-Cano
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luna Delgado-Mora
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.R.-O.); (L.D.-M.)
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.-F.); (A.d.H.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (M.N.-C.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.); (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.O.P.); (M.E.R.-M.); (L.G.-F.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.R.-O.); (L.D.-M.)
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Huang T, Wang Y, Wang Z, Long Q, Li Y, Chen D. Complement-mediated inflammation and mitochondrial energy metabolism in the proteomic profile of myopic human corneas. J Proteomics 2023; 285:104949. [PMID: 37331426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Myopia is one of the most common causes of visual impairment worldwide. To identify proteins related to myopiagenesis, data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis was performed using corneal lenticules of myopic patients who underwent small incision lenticule extraction surgery. A total of 19 lenticules from 19 age and sex-matched patients were analyzed, 10 in high refractive error (HR, spherical equivalent over -6.00 D) group and 9 in low refractive error (LR, spherical equivalent between -3.00 and - 1.00 D) group. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by comparing the corneal proteome between the two groups. Functional analyses were performed to explore the biological pathways and interactions of the DEPs. 107 DEPs (67 upregulated and 40 downregulated in HR group, compared to LR) were identified from 2138 quantified proteins. Functional analyses indicated that upregulated proteins were primarily involved in the complement pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, while downregulated proteins were involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. Western blot analysis confirmed increased complement C3a and apolipoprotein E in HR samples, further supporting the proteomics data. In conclusion, this proteomic study reveals that proteins associated with the complement system, ECM remodeling, and mitochondrial energy metabolism might be key effectors in myopiagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Myopia has become one of the most prevalent causes of visual impairment, especially in Asia. The underlying mechanism of myopia development is still up for debate. This study compares the proteomic profiles of high and low myopic corneas, identifying differentially expressed proteins associated with the complement system, ECM remodeling, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The findings of this study could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of myopia. The complement system and mitochondrial energy metabolism may provide potential therapeutic targets in the treatment and prevention of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhonghai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qin Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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7
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Jaskiewicz K, Maleszka-Kurpiel M, Kabza M, Karolak JA, Gajecka M. Sequence variants contributing to dysregulated inflammatory responses across keratoconic cone surface in adolescent patients with keratoconus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197054. [PMID: 37483635 PMCID: PMC10359427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratoconus (KTCN) is the most common corneal ectasia resulting in a conical shape of the cornea. Here, genomic variation in the corneal epithelium (CE) across the keratoconic cone surface in patients with KTCN and its relevance in the functioning of the immune system were assessed. Methods Samples from four unrelated adolescent patients with KTCN and two control individuals were obtained during the CXL and PRK procedures, respectively. Three topographic regions, central, middle, and peripheral, were separated towards the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study embracing a total of 18 experimental samples. The coding and non-coding sequence variation, including structural variation, was assessed and then evaluated together with the previously reported transcriptomic outcomes for the same CE samples and full-thickness corneas. Results First, pathway enrichment analysis of genes with identified coding variants pointed to "Antigen presentation" and "Interferon alpha/beta signaling" as the most overrepresented pathways, indicating the involvement of inflammatory responses in KTCN. Both coding and non-coding sequence variants were found in genes (or in their close proximity) linked to the previously revealed KTCN-specific cellular components, namely, "Actin cytoskeleton", "Extracellular matrix", "Collagen-containing extracellular matrix", "Focal adhesion", "Hippo signaling pathway", and "Wnt signaling" pathways. No genomic heterogeneity across the corneal surface was found comparing the assessed topographic regions. Thirty-five chromosomal regions enriched in both coding and non-coding KTCN-specific sequence variants were revealed, with a most representative 5q locus previously recognized as involved in KTCN. Conclusion The identified genomic features indicate the involvement of innate and adaptive immune system responses in KTCN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Maleszka-Kurpiel
- Optegra Eye Health Care Clinic in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
- Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Kabza
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna A. Karolak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Xu L, Yang K, Zhu M, Yin S, Gu Y, Fan Q, Wang Y, Pang C, Ren S. Trio-based exome sequencing broaden the genetic spectrum in keratoconus. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109342. [PMID: 36502923 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a complex corneal disorder with genetic factors involving in its pathogenesis. The genetic etiology of KC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to expand the genetic spectrum in KC by trio-based exome sequencing. Trio-based exome sequencing was conducted in 20 patients with KC and their unaffected parents to broaden the genetic spectrum of the disease. With a series of filtering criteria, de novo, recessive homozygous, and compound heterozygous variants in candidate genes were identified, and the candidate genes were classified for further analysis. Finally, we identified 60 variants in 32 candidate genes through trio-based exome sequencing. Among the candidate genes, 10 genes (ARHGEF10, ARHGEF17, ASPM, FLNA, NDRG1, NEB, PLS3, STARD8, SYNE1, TTN) were classified as cytoskeleton-related genes, 4 genes (COL28A1, SDK1, STAB1, TENM2) were classified as cell adhesion-related genes, and 18 genes (APLP2, BCORL1, CCNB3, FOXN1, FUT8, GALNT10, HEPH, HHIP, HMGB3, HS6ST2, JADE3, KIAA0040, MCF2L, MYOF, QRICH2, RPS6KA6, SMARCA1, TNRC6A) were classified into other genes group. Additionally, the candidate rare deleterious variants in TTN were highly repeated in 25% trios. In conclusion, the study provided new insights into the genetic spectrum of KC which might underlie the genetic etiology for the disease. The findings would improve our understanding of pathogenesis in KC and provide critical clues to future functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Xu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institution, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institution, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Chenjiu Pang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shengwei Ren
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institution, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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9
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Poll SR, Martin R, Wohler E, Partan ES, Walek E, Salman S, Groepper D, Kratz L, Cernach M, Jesus-Garcia R, Haldeman-Englert C, Choi YJ, Morris CD, Cohen B, Hoover-Fong J, Valle D, Semenza GL, Sobreira NLM. Disruption of the HIF-1 pathway in individuals with Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010504. [PMID: 36480544 PMCID: PMC9767349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ollier disease (OD) and Maffucci Syndrome (MS) are rare disorders characterized by multiple enchondromas, commonly causing bone deformities, limb length discrepancies, and pathological fractures. MS is distinguished from OD by the development of vascular anomalies. Both disorders are cancer predisposition syndromes with malignancies developing in ~50% of the individuals with OD or MS. Somatic gain-of-function variants in IDH1 and IDH2 have been described in the enchondromas, vascular anomalies and chondrosarcomas of approximately 80% of the individuals with OD and MS. To date, however, no investigation of germline causative variants for these diseases has been comprehensively performed. To search for germline causative variants, we performed whole exome sequencing or whole genome sequencing of blood or saliva DNA in 94 unrelated probands (68 trios). We found that 7 had rare germline missense variants in HIF1A, 6 had rare germline missense variants in VHL, and 3 had IDH1 variants including 2 with mosaic IDH1-p.Arg132His variant. A burden analysis using 94 probands assigned as cases and 2,054 unrelated individuals presenting no OD- or MS-related features as controls, found that variants in HIF1A, VHL, and IDH1 were all significantly enriched in cases compared to controls. To further investigate the role of HIF-1 pathway in the pathogenesis of OD and MS, we performed RNA sequencing of fibroblasts from 4 probands with OD or MS at normoxia and at hypoxia. When cultured in hypoxic conditions, both proband and control cells showed altered expression of a subset of HIF-1 regulated genes. However, the set of differentially expressed genes in proband fibroblasts included a significantly reduced number of HIF-1 regulated genes compared to controls. Our findings suggest that germline or early post-zygotic variants identified in HIF1A, VHL, and IDH1 in probands with OD and MS underlie the development of the phenotypic abnormalities in a subset of individuals with OD and MS, but extensive functional studies are needed to further confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Poll
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renan Martin
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Partan
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Walek
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shaima Salman
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Groepper
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa Kratz
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mirlene Cernach
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Jesus-Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics-Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chad Haldeman-Englert
- Mission Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yoon Jae Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Morris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bernard Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, Untied States of America
| | - Julie Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nara L. M. Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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10
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Puvogel S, Alsema A, Kracht L, Webster MJ, Weickert CS, Sommer IEC, Eggen BJL. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of midbrain blood-brain barrier cells in schizophrenia reveals subtle transcriptional changes with overall preservation of cellular proportions and phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4731-4740. [PMID: 36192459 PMCID: PMC9734060 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The midbrain is an extensively studied brain region in schizophrenia, in view of its reported dopamine pathophysiology and neuroimmune changes associated with this disease. Besides the dopaminergic system, the midbrain contains other cell types that may be involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The neurovascular hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates that both the neurovasculature structure and the functioning of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are compromised in schizophrenia. In the present study, potential alteration in the BBB of patients with schizophrenia was investigated by single-nucleus RNA sequencing of post-mortem midbrain tissue (15 schizophrenia cases and 14 matched controls). We did not identify changes in the relative abundance of the major BBB cell types, nor in the sub-populations, associated with schizophrenia. However, we identified 14 differentially expressed genes in the cells of the BBB in schizophrenia as compared to controls, including genes that have previously been related to schizophrenia, such as FOXP2 and PDE4D. These transcriptional changes were limited to the ependymal cells and pericytes, suggesting that the cells of the BBB are not broadly affected in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Puvogel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid Alsema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kracht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Maiti G, Monteiro de Barros MR, Hu N, Dolgalev I, Roshan M, Foster JW, Tsirigos A, Wahlin KJ, Chakravarti S. Single cell RNA-seq of human cornea organoids identifies cell fates of a developing immature cornea. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac246. [PMID: 36712326 PMCID: PMC9802453 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is a protective and refractive barrier in the eye crucial for vision. Understanding the human cornea in health, disease, and cell-based treatments can be greatly advanced with cornea organoids developed in culture from induced pluripotent stem cells. While a limited number of studies have investigated the single-cell transcriptomic composition of the human cornea, its organoids have not been examined similarly. Here, we elucidated the transcriptomic cell fate map of 4-month-old human cornea organoids and human donor corneas. The organoids harbor cell clusters that resemble cells of the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium, with subpopulations that capture signatures of early developmental states. Unlike the adult cornea where the largest cell population is stromal, the organoids contain large proportions of epithelial and endothelial-like cells. These corneal organoids offer a 3D model to study corneal diseases and integrated responses of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maithê Rocha Monteiro de Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Eighth Floor, 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mona Roshan
- University of California San Diego, ACTRI Building Rm Lower level 3E419, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James W Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins school of Medicine, Smith M037, 400 Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Eighth Floor, 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Karl J Wahlin
- University of California San Diego, ACTRI Building Rm Lower level 3E419, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Xu L, Yang K, Yin S, Gu Y, Fan Q, Wang Y, Zhao D, Ren S. Family-based exome sequencing identifies candidate genes related to keratoconus in Chinese families. Front Genet 2022; 13:988620. [PMID: 36118869 PMCID: PMC9478549 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keratoconus (KC) is a complex corneal disorder with a strong genetic component. The present study aimed to identify candidate genes related to KC in Chinese families.Methods: Family-based exome sequencing was performed in ten patients suffering from KC who belong to five families with two affected members in each. The candidate rare variants were identified with multi-step bioinformatics analysis. The STRING website was used to perform the protein interaction of the identified genes.Results: Our analyses identified 32 candidate rare variants in 13 genes by family-based exome sequencing. The molecular analyses of identified genes showed that EPCAM directly interacted with CTNNB1 of the Hippo signaling pathway and focal adhesion pathway, and directly interacted with CTNNB1, CDH1 of the WNT signaling pathway. SHROOM3 directly interacted with ROCK2, ROCK1 of the focal adhesion pathway. SYNE1 directly interacted with MUSK of the extracellular matrix organization pathway. TEK directly interacted with VEGFA, SHC1, PIK3R1, GRB2 of the focal adhesion pathway. TTN directly interacted with CAPN3 of the extracellular matrix organization pathway.Conclusion: The EPCAM, SHROOM3, SYNE1, TEK, and TTN genes were potential high-risk candidate pathogenic genes of familial KC. The findings might significantly improve our understanding of the genetic etiology of the disease, providing novel insights on KC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Xu
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institution, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Zhao
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Ren
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shengwei Ren,
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13
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Chakravarti S, Enzo E, de Barros MRM, Maffezzoni MBR, Pellegrini G. Genetic Disorders of the Extracellular Matrix: From Cell and Gene Therapy to Future Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:193-222. [PMID: 35537467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans have evolved to produce various types of extracellular matrix (ECM) that provide structural support, cell adhesion, cell-cell communication, and regulated exposure to external cues. Epithelial cells produce and adhere to a specialized sheet-like ECM, the basement membrane, that is critical for cellular homeostasis and tissue integrity. Mesenchymal cells, such as chondrocytes in cartilaginous tissues and keratocytes in the corneal stroma, produce a pericellular matrix that presents optimal levels of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and nutrients to the cell and regulates mechanosensory signals through specific cytoskeletal and cell surface receptor interactions. Here, we discuss laminins, collagen types IV and VII, and perlecan, which are major components of these two types of ECM. We examine genetic defects in these components that cause basement membrane pathologies such as epidermolysis bullosa, Alport syndrome, rare pericellular matrix-related chondrodysplasias, and corneal keratoconus and discuss recent advances in cell and gene therapies being developed for some of these disorders. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | - Elena Enzo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; , ,
| | - Maithê Rocha Monteiro de Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; , ,
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14
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de Barros MRM, Chakravarti S. Pathogenesis of keratoconus: NRF2-antioxidant, extracellular matrix and cellular dysfunctions. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109062. [PMID: 35385756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a degenerative disease associated with cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) loss that causes gradual thinning and steepening of the cornea and loss of vision. Collagen cross linking with ultraviolet light treatment can strengthen the ECM and delay weakening of the cornea, but severe cases require corneal transplantation. KC is multifactorial and multigenic, but its pathophysiology is still an enigma. Multiple approaches are being pursued to elucidate the molecular changes that underlie the corneal phenotype to identify relevant genes for tailored candidate searches and to develop potential biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions. Recent proteomic and transcriptomic studies suggest dysregulations in oxidative stress, NRF2-regulated antioxidant programs, WNT-signaling, TGF-β, ECM and matrix metalloproteinases. This review aims to provide a broad update on the transcriptomic and proteomic studies of KC with a focus on findings that relate to oxidative stress, and dysregulations in cellular and extracellular matrix functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY, 10016, USA.
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