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Lee HE, Jung M, Choi K, Jang JH, Hwang SK, Chae S, Lee JH, Mun JY. L-serine restored lysosomal failure in cells derived from patients with BPAN reducing iron accumulation with eliminating lipofuscin. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:273-282. [PMID: 38740102 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Defective mitochondria and autophagy, as well as accumulation of lipid and iron in WDR45 mutant fibroblasts, is related to beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). In this study, we found that enlarged lysosomes in cells derived from patients with BPAN had low enzyme activity, and most of the enlarged lysosomes had an accumulation of iron and oxidized lipid. Cryo-electron tomography revealed elongated lipid accumulation, and spectrometry-based elemental analysis showed that lysosomal iron and oxygen accumulation superimposed with lipid aggregates. Lysosomal lipid aggregates superimposed with autofluorescence as free radical generator, lipofuscin. To eliminate free radical stress by iron accumulation in cells derived from patients with BPAN, we investigated the effects of the iron chelator, 2,2'-bipyridine (bipyridyl, BIP). To study whether the defects in patient-derived cells can be rescued by an iron chelator BIP, we tested whether the level of iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells and genes related to oxidative stress were rescued BIP treatment. Although BIP treatment decreased some iron accumulation in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, the accumulation of iron in the lysosomes and levels of cellular ROS were unaffected. In addition, the change of specific RNA levels related to free radical stress in patient fibroblasts was not rescued by BIP. To alleviate free radical stress, we investigated whether l-serine can regulate abnormal structures in cells derived from patients with BPAN through the regulation of free radical stress. l-serine treatment alleviated increase of enlarged lysosomes and iron accumulation and rescued impaired lysosomal activity by reducing oxidized lipid accumulation in the lysosomes of the cells. Lamellated lipids in the lysosomes of the cells were identified as lipofuscin through correlative light and electron microscopy, and l-serine treatment reduced the increase of lipofuscin. These data suggest that l-serine reduces oxidative stress-mediated lysosomal lipid oxidation and iron accumulation by rescuing lysosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Lee
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea; School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kiju Choi
- Division of Structural Biology, Baobab AiBIO, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Jang
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Electron Microscopy Group for Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Astrogen Inc., Techno-Building 313, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea; Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.
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Liu Y, Yang H. WIPI4 loss linked to ferroptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:506-507. [PMID: 38454049 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular and Translational Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Kotani T, Yasuda Y, Nakatogawa H. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy, Cytoplasmic Zoning by Lipid Membranes. J Biochem 2024; 175:155-165. [PMID: 37983716 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation mechanism. The most distinctive feature of autophagy is the formation of double-membrane structures called autophagosomes, which compartmentalize portions of the cytoplasm. The outer membrane of the autophagosome fuses with the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, leading to the degradation of the contents of the autophagosome. Approximately 30 years have passed since the identification of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and Atg proteins essential for autophagosome formation, and the primary functions of these Atg proteins have been elucidated. These achievements have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of autophagosome formation. This article summarizes our current knowledge on how the autophagosome precursor is generated, and how the membrane expands and seals to complete the autophagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kotani
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Yasuda
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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Proikas-Cezanne T, Haas ML, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Schüssele DS. Human WIPI β-propeller function in autophagy and neurodegeneration. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:127-139. [PMID: 38058212 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The four human WIPI β-propellers, WIPI1 through WIPI4, belong to the ancient PROPPIN family and fulfill scaffold functions in the control of autophagy. In this context, WIPI β-propellers function as PI3P effectors during autophagosome formation and loss of WIPI function negatively impacts autophagy and contributes to neurodegeneration. Of particular interest are mutations in WDR45, the human gene that encodes WIPI4. Sporadic WDR45 mutations are the cause of a rare human neurodegenerative disease called BPAN, hallmarked by high brain iron accumulation. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the functions of human WIPI β-propellers and address unanswered questions with a particular focus on the role of WIPI4 in autophagy and BPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Haas
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - David S Schüssele
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
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Mollereau B, Hayflick SJ, Escalante R, Mauthe M, Papandreou A, Iuso A, Celle M, Aniorte S, Issa AR, Lasserre JP, Lesca G, Thobois S, Burger P, Walter L. A burning question from the first international BPAN symposium: is restoration of autophagy a promising therapeutic strategy for BPAN? Autophagy 2023; 19:3234-3239. [PMID: 37565733 PMCID: PMC10621268 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disease associated with severe cognitive and motor deficits. BPAN pathophysiology and phenotypic spectrum are still emerging due to the fact that mutations in the WDR45 (WD repeat domain 45) gene, a regulator of macroautophagy/autophagy, were only identified a decade ago. In the first international symposium dedicated to BPAN, which was held in Lyon, France, a panel of international speakers, including several researchers from the autophagy community, presented their work on human patients, cellular and animal models, carrying WDR45 mutations and their homologs. Autophagy researchers found an opportunity to explore the defective function of autophagy mechanisms associated with WDR45 mutations, which underlie neuronal dysfunction and early death. Importantly, BPAN is one of the few human monogenic neurological diseases targeting a regulator of autophagy, which raises the possibility that it is a relevant model to directly assess the roles of autophagy in neurodegeneration and to develop autophagy restorative therapeutic strategies for more common disorders.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BPAN: beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KO: knockout; NBIA: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols. CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arcangela Iuso
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Celle
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Sahra Aniorte
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Abdul Raouf Issa
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Paul Lasserre
- Laboratory of NRGEN, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Neuromyogene, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261-INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Service de Neurologie C, Movement disorders unit, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maieutique Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Burger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Ludivine Walter
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
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