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Huang J, Korsunsky A, Yazdani M, Chen J. Targeting TRP channels: recent advances in structure, ligand binding, and molecular mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1334370. [PMID: 38273937 PMCID: PMC10808746 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1334370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large and diverse family of transmembrane ion channels that are widely expressed, have important physiological roles, and are associated with many human diseases. These proteins are actively pursued as promising drug targets, benefitting greatly from advances in structural and mechanistic studies of TRP channels. At the same time, the complex, polymodal activation and regulation of TRP channels have presented formidable challenges. In this short review, we summarize recent progresses toward understanding the structural basis of TRP channel function, as well as potential ligand binding sites that could be targeted for therapeutics. A particular focus is on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation, where many fundamental questions remain unanswered. We believe that a deeper understanding of the functional mechanisms of TRP channels will be critical and likely transformative toward developing successful therapeutic strategies targeting these exciting proteins. This endeavor will require concerted efforts from computation, structural biology, medicinal chemistry, electrophysiology, pharmacology, drug safety and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Aron Korsunsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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2
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Walker V, Vuister GW. Biochemistry and pathophysiology of the Transient Potential Receptor Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) calcium channel. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:43-100. [PMID: 36858649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TRPV6 is a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) cation channel with high selectivity for Ca2+ ions. First identified in 1999 in a search for the gene which mediates intestinal Ca2+ absorption, its far more extensive repertoire as a guardian of intracellular Ca2+ has since become apparent. Studies on TRPV6-deficient mice demonstrated additional important roles in placental Ca2+ transport, fetal bone development and male fertility. The first reports of inherited deficiency in newborn babies appeared in 2018, revealing its physiological importance in humans. There is currently strong evidence that TRPV6 also contributes to the pathogenesis of some common cancers. The recently reported association of TRPV6 deficiency with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis suggests a role in normal pancreatic function. Over time and with greater awareness of TRPV6, other disease-associations are likely to emerge. Powerful analytical tools have provided invaluable insights into the structure and operation of TRPV6. Its roles in Ca2+ signaling and carcinogenesis, and the use of channel inhibitors in cancer treatment are being intensively investigated. This review first briefly describes the biochemistry and physiology of the channel, and analytical methods used to investigate these. The focus subsequently shifts to the clinical disorders associated with abnormal expression and the underlying pathophysiology. The aims of this review are to increase awareness of this channel, and to draw together findings from a wide range of sources which may help to formulate new ideas for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Geerten W Vuister
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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3
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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4
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Zhao S, Rohacs T. The newest TRP channelopathy: Gain of function TRPM3 mutations cause epilepsy and intellectual disability. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:386-397. [PMID: 33853504 PMCID: PMC8057083 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1908781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation channel, activated by heat and chemical agonists, such as the endogenous neuro-steroid Pregnenolone Sulfate (PregS) and the chemical compound CIM0216. TRPM3 is expressed in peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and its role in noxious heat sensation in mice is well established. TRPM3 is also expressed in a number of other tissues, including the brain, but its role there has been largely unexplored. Recent reports showed that two mutations in TRPM3 are associated with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, pointing to an important role of TRPM3 in the human brain. Subsequent reports found that the two disease-associated mutations increased basal channel activity, and sensitivity of the channel to activation by heat and chemical agonists. This review will discuss these mutations in the context of human diseases caused by mutations in other TRP channels, and in the context of the biophysical properties and physiological functions of TRPM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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5
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Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence, enormous costs, and significant morbidity. Calcium-containing kidney stones are by far the most common kidney stones encountered in clinical practice. Consequently, hypercalciuria is the greatest risk factor for kidney stone formation. Hypercalciuria can result from enhanced intestinal absorption, increased bone resorption, or altered renal tubular transport. Kidney stone formation is complex and driven by high concentrations of calcium-oxalate or calcium-phosphate in the urine. After discussing the mechanism mediating renal calcium salt precipitation, we review recent discoveries in renal tubular calcium transport from the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, and distal convolution. Furthermore, we address how calcium is absorbed from the intestine and mobilized from bone. The effect of acidosis on bone calcium resorption and urinary calcium excretion is also considered. Although recent discoveries provide insight into these processes, much remains to be understood in order to provide improved therapies for hypercalciuria and prevent kidney stone formation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Alexander
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; .,Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - D G Fuster
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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6
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Auto-inhibitory intramolecular S5/S6 interaction in the TRPV6 channel regulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Commun Biol 2021; 4:990. [PMID: 34413465 PMCID: PMC8376870 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV6, a Ca-selective channel, is abundantly expressed in the placenta, intestine, kidney and bone marrow. TRPV6 is vital to Ca homeostasis and its defective expression or function is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism, Lowe syndrome/Dent disease, renal stone, osteoporosis and cancers. The fact that the molecular mechanism underlying the function and regulation of TRPV6 is still not well understood hampers, in particular, the understanding of how TRPV6 contributes to breast cancer development. By electrophysiology and Ca imaging in Xenopus oocytes and cancer cells, molecular biology and numerical simulation, here we reveal an intramolecular S5/S6 helix interaction in TRPV6 that is functionally autoinhibitory and is mediated by the R532:D620 bonding. Predicted pathogenic mutation R532Q within S5 disrupts the S5/S6 interaction leading to gain-of-function of the channel, which promotes breast cancer cell progression through strengthening of the TRPV6/PI3K interaction, activation of a PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β cascade, and up-regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anti-apoptosis.
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7
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Halbritter J. Genetics of kidney stone disease-Polygenic meets monogenic. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17S:S88-S94. [PMID: 33910705 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease comprising nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis is a clinical syndrome of increasing prevalence with remarkable heterogeneity. Stone composition, age of manifestation, rate of recurrence, and impairment of kidney function varies with underlying etiologies. While calcium-based kidney stones account for the vast majority their etiology is still poorly understood. Recent studies underline the notion that genetic susceptibility together with dietary habits constitutes the major driver of kidney stone formation. In addition to single gene (Mendelian) disorders, which are most likely underestimated in the adult population, common risk alleles explain part of the observed heritability. Interestingly, identified GWAS loci often match those of Mendelian disease genes and vice versa (CASR, SLC34A1, CYP24A1). These findings provide mechanistic links related to renal calcium homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism, and CaSR-signaling regulated by the CaSR-CLDN14-CLDN16/19 axis (paracellular Ca2+ reabsorption) and TRPV5 (transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption). Recent identification of new single gene disorders of calcium-oxalate-nephrolithiasis (SLC26A1, CLDN2) and distal renal tubular acidosis with nephrocalcinosis (FOXI1, WDR72, ATP6V1C2) enabled additional insights into the kidney-gut axis and molecular prerequisites of proper urinary acidification. Implementation of centralized patient registries on hereditary kidney stone diseases are necessary to build up well characterized cohorts for urgently needed clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Halbritter
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Cai R, Liu X, Zhang R, Hofmann L, Zheng W, Amin MR, Wang L, Hu Q, Peng JB, Michalak M, Flockerzi V, Ali DW, Chen XZ, Tang J. Autoinhibition of TRPV6 Channel and Regulation by PIP2. iScience 2020; 23:101444. [PMID: 32829285 PMCID: PMC7452202 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), a calcium-selective channel possessing six transmembrane domains (S1-S6) and intracellular N and C termini, plays crucial roles in calcium absorption in epithelia and bone and is involved in human diseases including vitamin-D deficiency, osteoporosis, and cancer. The TRPV6 function and regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the TRPV6 intramolecular S4-S5 linker to C-terminal TRP helix (L/C) and N-terminal pre-S1 helix to TRP helix (N/C) interactions, mediated by Arg470:Trp593 and Trp321:Ile597 bonding, respectively, are autoinhibitory and are required for maintaining TRPV6 at basal states. Disruption of either interaction by mutations or blocking peptides activates TRPV6. The N/C interaction depends on the L/C interaction but not reversely. Three cationic residues in S5 or C terminus are involved in binding PIP2 to suppress both interactions thereby activating TRPV6. This study reveals "PIP2 - intramolecular interactions" regulatory mechanism of TRPV6 activation-autoinhibition, which will help elucidating the corresponding mechanisms in other TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cai
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Xiong Liu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Rui Zhang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Laura Hofmann
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wang Zheng
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Md Ruhul Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, T6G 2E9 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qiaolin Hu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marek Michalak
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Declan W. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, T6G 2E9 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
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9
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Suzuki Y, Sawada H, Tokumasu T, Suzuki S, Ninomiya S, Shirai M, Mukai T, Saito CT, Nishimura G, Tominaga M. Novel TRPV6 mutations in the spectrum of transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:33. [PMID: 32646367 PMCID: PMC10717230 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal-fetal calcium (Ca2+) transport in the placenta plays a critical role in maintaining fetal bone mineralization. Mutations in the gene encoding the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) have been identified as causative mutations of transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism due to insufficient maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport in the placenta. In this study, we found two novel mutations in subjects that have transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism. TRPV6 carrying the mutation p.Arg390His that localizes to the outer edge of the first transmembrane domain (S1) showed impaired trafficking to the plasma membrane, whereas TRPV6 having the mutation p.Gly291Ser in the sixth ankyrin repeat (AR) domain had channel properties that were comparable those of WT channels, although the increases in steady-state intracellular Ca2+ concentration could have led to Ca2+ overload and subsequent death of cells expressing this mutant channel. These results indicate that the AR6 domain contributes to TRPV6-mediated maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, and that this region could play a novel role in regulating the activity of TRPV6 Ca2+-selective channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Hirotake Sawada
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tokumasu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeru Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa, 078-8211, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ninomiya
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Masaru Shirai
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa, 078-8211, Japan
| | - Tokuo Mukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa, 078-8211, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Asahikawa Hospital, Asahikawa, 070-8530, Japan
| | - Claire T Saito
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Disease, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a common problem that can be associated with alterations in urinary solute composition including hypercalciuria. Studies suggest that the prevalence of monogenic kidney stone disorders, including renal tubular acidosis with deafness, Bartter syndrome, primary hyperoxaluria and cystinuria, in patients attending kidney stone clinics is ∼15%. However, for the majority of individuals, nephrolithiasis has a multifactorial aetiology involving genetic and environmental factors. Nonetheless, the genetic influence on stone formation in these idiopathic stone formers remains considerable and twin studies estimate a heritability of >45% for nephrolithiasis and >50% for hypercalciuria. The contribution of polygenic influences from multiple loci have been investigated by genome-wide association and candidate gene studies, which indicate that a number of genes and molecular pathways contribute to the risk of stone formation. Genetic approaches, studying both monogenic and polygenic factors in nephrolithiasis, have revealed that the following have important roles in the aetiology of kidney stones: transporters and channels; ions, protons and amino acids; the calcium-sensing receptor (a G protein-coupled receptor) signalling pathway; and the metabolic pathways for vitamin D, oxalate, cysteine, purines and uric acid. These advances, which have increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis, will hopefully facilitate the future development of targeted therapies for precision medicine approaches in patients with nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Howles
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Masamune A, Kotani H, Sörgel FL, Chen JM, Hamada S, Sakaguchi R, Masson E, Nakano E, Kakuta Y, Niihori T, Funayama R, Shirota M, Hirano T, Kawamoto T, Hosokoshi A, Kume K, Unger L, Ewers M, Laumen H, Bugert P, Mori MX, Tsvilovskyy V, Weißgerber P, Kriebs U, Fecher-Trost C, Freichel M, Diakopoulos KN, Berninger A, Lesina M, Ishii K, Itoi T, Ikeura T, Okazaki K, Kaune T, Rosendahl J, Nagasaki M, Uezono Y, Algül H, Nakayama K, Matsubara Y, Aoki Y, Férec C, Mori Y, Witt H, Shimosegawa T. Variants That Affect Function of Calcium Channel TRPV6 Are Associated With Early-Onset Chronic Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1626-1641.e8. [PMID: 31930989 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in pancreatic calcium levels affect secretion and might be involved in development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We investigated the association of CP with the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 gene (TRPV6), which encodes a Ca2+-selective ion channel, in an international cohort of patients and in mice. METHODS We performed whole-exome DNA sequencing from a patient with idiopathic CP and from his parents, who did not have CP. We validated our findings by sequencing DNA from 300 patients with CP (not associated with alcohol consumption) and 1070 persons from the general population in Japan (control individuals). In replication studies, we sequenced DNA from patients with early-onset CP (20 years or younger) not associated with alcohol consumption from France (n = 470) and Germany (n = 410). We expressed TRPV6 variants in HEK293 cells and measured their activity using Ca2+ imaging assays. CP was induced by repeated injections of cerulein in TRPV6mut/mut mice. RESULTS We identified the variants c.629C>T (p.A210V) and c.970G>A (p.D324N) in TRPV6 in the index patient. Variants that affected function of the TRPV6 product were found in 13 of 300 patients (4.3%) and 1 of 1070 control individuals (0.1%) from Japan (odds ratio [OR], 48.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3-371.7; P = 2.4 × 10-8). Twelve of 124 patients (9.7%) with early-onset CP had such variants. In the replication set from Europe, 18 patients with CP (2.0%) carried variants that affected the function of the TRPV6 product compared with 0 control individuals (P = 6.2 × 10-8). Variants that did not affect the function of the TRPV6 product (p.I223T and p.D324N) were overrepresented in Japanese patients vs control individuals (OR, 10.9; 95% CI, 4.5-25.9; P = 7.4 × 10-9 for p.I223T and P = .01 for p.D324N), whereas the p.L299Q was overrepresented in European patients vs control individuals (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9-4.8; P = 1.2 × 10-5). TRPV6mut/mut mice given cerulein developed more severe pancreatitis than control mice, as shown by increased levels of pancreatic enzymes, histologic alterations, and pancreatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with early-onset CP not associated with alcohol consumption carry variants in TRPV6 that affect the function of its product, perhaps by altering Ca2+ balance in pancreatic cells. TRPV6 regulates Ca2+ homeostasis and pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kotani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Franziska Lena Sörgel
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France; CHU Brest, Service de Génétique, Brest, France
| | - Eriko Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuki Hosokoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kume
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lara Unger
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maren Ewers
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Helmut Laumen
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Masayuki X Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Weißgerber
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kriebs
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kalliope N Diakopoulos
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Berninger
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tom Kaune
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Cancer Pathophysiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Algül
- Mildred Scheel Chair of Tumor Metabolism and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claude Férec
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France; CHU Brest, Service de Génétique, Brest, France
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Heiko Witt
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
Two decades ago a class of ion channels, hitherto unsuspected, was discovered. In mammals these Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRPs) have not only expanded in number (to 26 functional channels) but also expanded the view of our interface with the physical and chemical environment. Some are heat and cold sensors while others monitor endogenous and/or exogenous chemical signals. Some TRP channels monitor osmotic potential, and others measure cell movement, stretching, and fluid flow. Many TRP channels are major players in nociception and integration of pain signals. One member of the vanilloid sub-family of channels is TRPV6. This channel is highly selective for divalent cations, particularly calcium, and plays a part in general whole-body calcium homeostasis, capturing calcium in the gut from the diet. TRPV6 can be greatly elevated in a number of cancers deriving from epithelia and considerable study has been made of its role in the cancer phenotype where calcium control is dysfunctional. This review compiles and updates recent published work on TRPV6 as a promising drug target in a number of cancers including those afflicting breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Stewart
- Soricimed Biopharma Inc. 18 Botsford Street, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 4W7
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13
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Cao Q, Chu P, Gu J, Zhang H, Feng R, Wen X, Wang D, Xiong W, Wang T, Yin S. The influence of Ca 2+ concentration on voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels' expression in the marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata). Gene 2019; 722:144101. [PMID: 31479714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The catadromous species, eels, invariably exposed to variable Ca2+ concentrations circumstance i.e., lagoon or ocean. They need to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis by exchanging Ca2+ under different culture conditions. To understand the effects of environmental Ca2+ to fish, three types of genes coding for voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels (cacnb1, 2, 3) were cloned by screening an A. marmorata cDNA library. Tissue distribution analysis of Western blot showed that Cacnb1, 2, 3 had a significantly high expression in gill; while mRNA results showed the expressions of cacnb1 and cacnb3 were predominated in skin tissue but only cacnb2 was expressed in intestine. Serum osmolality and Ca2+ concentrations of A.marmorata were increased in a high calcium environment while reduced in a low calcium environment within 7 days; however, they were not significantly different among Ca2+ treatments after the eels were acclimated for 7 days. We also examined the influence of ambient Ca2+ levels on cacnbs expression of eels. With the increasing of exposure time, mRNA and protein expressions of cacnb1 were up-regulated in high level of Ca2+ (10 mM) and down-regulated in deficient Ca2+ (0 mM) compared to the control Ca2+ (2 mM). However, the opposite results were observed in cacnb2 and cacnb3. Notably, the cacnb2 expression was not significant different among Ca2+ treatments on day 7. Our study provided the insightful evidence that cacnbs play important roles in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Cao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Runhua Feng
- School of WASM, Curtin University, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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14
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van der Wijst J, van Goor MK, Schreuder MF, Hoenderop JG. TRPV5 in renal tubular calcium handling and its potential relevance for nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1283-1291. [PMID: 31471161 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis or renal stone disease is an increasingly common problem, and its relatively high recurrence rate demands better treatment options. The majority of patients with nephrolithiasis have stones that contain calcium (Ca2+), which develop upon "supersaturation" of the urine with insoluble Ca2+ salts; hence processes that influence the delivery and renal handling of Ca2+ may influence stone formation. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is indeed frequently observed in patients with kidney stones that contain Ca2+. Genetic screens of nephrolithiasis determinants have identified an increasing number of gene candidates, most of which are involved in renal Ca2+ handling. This review provides an outline of the current knowledge regarding genetics of nephrolithiasis and will mainly focus on the epithelial Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), an important player in Ca2+ homeostasis. Being a member of the TRP family of ion channels, TRPV5 is currently part of a revolution in structural biology. Recent technological breakthroughs in the cryo-electron microscopy field, combined with improvements in biochemical sample preparation, have resulted in high-resolution 3-dimensional structural models of integral membrane proteins, including TRPV5. These models currently are being used to explore the proteins' structure-function relationship, elucidate the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation, and study the putative effects of disease variants. Combined with other multidisciplinary approaches, this approach may open an avenue toward better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in hypercalciuria and stone formation, and ultimately it may facilitate prevention of stone recurrence through the development of effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark K van Goor
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Reply to ‘Comment on ‘Dairy, calcium, vitamin D and ovarian cancer risk in African–American women’’. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:260-262. [PMID: 29961757 PMCID: PMC6048032 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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16
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Fiscaletti M, Lebel MJ, Alos N, Benoit G, Jantchou P. Two Cases of Mistaken Polyuria and Nephrocalcinosis in Infants with Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption: A Possible Role of 1,25(OH)2D3
. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 87:277-282. [PMID: 28152538 DOI: 10.1159/000454951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Glucose-galactose malabsorption (GGM) is a rare and potentially fatal disorder. The autosomal recessive mutation of the SGLT1 gene interferes with the active glucose transport in the gut resulting in osmotic diarrhea and failure to thrive (FTT). Two nonrelated infants with GGM are presented as well as a novel mutation in SGLT1. CASE PRESENTATION The first case consulted for FTT and presented with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. His mother had self-medicated with high doses of vitamin D. The second case consulted for macroscopic hematuria, and presented with dehydration and secondary acute kidney injury. In both cases, the profuse diarrhea, initially mistaken for polyuria, promptly resolved after the introduction of glucose-galactose-free milk. Investigations showed bilateral nephrocalcinosis and high levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in both patients. We hypothesize that the upregulation of epithelial calcium channels (TRPV6) and 1,25(OH)2D3 are possible factors involved in the pathophysiology of nephrocalcinosis sometimes seen in GGM. Furthermore, a novel intronic SGLT1 mutation (c.207+2dup) is described. CONCLUSION These 2 cases demonstrate that a malabsorption disorder such as GGM can present with nephrocalcinosis and/or hypercalcemia, with increased 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in infants. Prompt recognition of GGM is sometimes difficult but crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Fiscaletti
- Sainte Justine University Health Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Lebel
- Sainte Justine University Health Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Sainte Justine University Health Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Research Center of Sainte Justine Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Benoit
- Sainte Justine University Health Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Prévost Jantchou
- Sainte Justine University Health Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Research Center of Sainte Justine Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Gu J, Dai S, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Ji X, Yu F, Zhou Y, Chen L, Tse WKF, Wong CKC, Chen B, Shi H. Activation of Ca 2+-sensing receptor as a protective pathway to reduce Cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in renal proximal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1092. [PMID: 29348484 PMCID: PMC5773512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as an extremely toxic metal could accumulate in kidney and induce renal injury. Previous studies have proved that Cd impact on renal cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis, but the detoxification drugs and the functional mechanism are still in study. In this study, we used mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs) to clarify Cd-induced toxicity and signaling pathways. Moreover, we proposed to elucidate the prevent effect of activation of Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) by Calcimimetic (R-467) on Cd-induced cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms. Cd induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation through phospholipase C-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (PLC) followed stimulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation and suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which leaded to increase apoptotic cell death and inhibit cell proliferation. Cd induced p38 activation also contribute to autophagic flux inhibition that aggravated Cd induced apoptosis. R-467 reinstated Cd-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and apoptosis, and it also increased cell proliferation and restored autophagic flux by switching p38 to ERK pathway. The identification of the activation of CaSR-mediated protective pathway in renal cells sheds light on a possible cellular protective mechanism against Cd-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Shuya Dai
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Medical Section, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Xingqi Ji
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | | | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binghai Chen
- Department of urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.
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18
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Animal toxins for channelopathy treatment. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:83-97. [PMID: 29080794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that allow passive flow of ions inside and/or outside of cells or cell organelles. Except mutations lead to nonfunctional protein production or abolished receptor entrance on the membrane surface an altered channel may have two principal conditions that can be corrected. The channel may conduct fewer ions through (loss-of-function mutations) or too many ions (gain-of-function mutations) compared to a normal channel. Toxins from animal venoms are specialised molecules that are generally oriented toward interactions with ion channels. This is a result of long coevolution between predators and their prey. On the molecular level, toxins activate or inhibit ion channels, so they are ideal molecules for restoring conductance in mutated channels. Another aspect of this long coevolution is that a broad variety of toxins have been fine tuned to recognize the channels of different species, keeping many amino acids substitution among sequences. Many peptide ligands with high selectivity to specific receptor subtypes have been isolated from animal venoms, some of which are absolutely non-toxic to humans and mammalians. It is expected that molecules that are selective to each known receptor can be found in animal venoms, but the pool of toxins currently does not override all receptors described as being involved in channelopathies. Modern investigating methods have enhanced the search process for selective ligands. One prominent method is a site-directed mutagenesis of existing toxins to change the selectivity or/and affinity to the selected receptor, which has shown positive results. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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19
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Vasudevan V, Samson P, Smith AD, Okeke Z. The genetic framework for development of nephrolithiasis. Asian J Urol 2016; 4:18-26. [PMID: 29264202 PMCID: PMC5730897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1%–15% of the population worldwide is affected by nephrolithiasis, which remains the most common and costly disease that urologists manage today. Identification of at-risk individuals remains a theoretical and technological challenge. The search for monogenic causes of stone disease has been largely unfruitful and a technological challenge; however, several candidate genes have been implicated in the development of nephrolithiasis. In this review, we will review current data on the genetic inheritance of stone disease, as well as investigate the evolving role of genetic analysis and counseling in the management of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Vasudevan
- Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Samson
- Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Arthur D Smith
- Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Zeph Okeke
- Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY, USA
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20
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Arcidiacono T, Mingione A, Macrina L, Pivari F, Soldati L, Vezzoli G. Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a review of pathogenic mechanisms in the light of genetic studies. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:499-506. [PMID: 25504362 DOI: 10.1159/000369833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with a polygenic milieu. Association studies identified genetic polymorphisms potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis. The present article reviews the mechanisms of calcium stone formation and the potential contribution of gene polymorphisms to lithogenic mechanisms. SUMMARY Endoscopy observations suggested that precipitation of calcium-oxalate on the Randall's plaque at the papilla surface may cause idiopathic calcium-oxalate stones. The Randall's plaque is a hydroxyapatite deposit in the interstitium of the kidney medulla, which resembles a soft tissue calcification. Conversely, calcium-phosphate stones may develop from crystalline deposits located at the tip of the Bellini duct. Polymorphisms of eleven genes have been associated with stones in genome-wide association studies and replicated candidate-gene association studies: VDR, SLC34A1, SLC34A4, CLDN14, and CaSR genes coding for proteins regulating tubular phosphate and calcium reabsorption; CaSR, MGP, OPN, PLAU, and UMOD genes coding for proteins preventing calcium salt precipitation; AQP1 gene coding for a water channel in the proximal tubule. The renal activity of the last gene, DGKH, is unknown. Polymorphisms in these genes may predispose to calcium-oxalate and -phosphate stones by increasing the risk of calcium-phosphate precipitation in the tubular fluid. Key Messages: Genetic findings suggest that tubular fluid supersaturation with respect to calcium and phosphate predisposes to calcium-oxalate stones by triggering cellular mechanisms that lead to the Randall's plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arcidiacono
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Gu J, Law AYS, Yeung BHY, Wong CKC. Activation of gill Ca2+-sensing receptor as a protective pathway to reduce Ca2+-induced cytotoxicity. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:155-64. [PMID: 25180251 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the Ca(2) (+)-sensing receptor (Casr) in the endocrine gland known as the corpuscle of Stannius (CS) regulates the secretion of the hypocalcemic hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) to inhibit gill Ca(2) (+) uptake. Although numerous studies have reported the branchial expression of Casr and Stc1, the functions of these proteins in gills have not been elucidated yet. On the basis of recent findings regarding the autocrine/paracrine functions of STC1 in mammalian models, we proposed the hypothesis that branchial CaSR has an in situ 'sensing' function to regulate STC1 that maintains local Ca(2) (+) homeostasis. In this study, we investigated Casr-mediated signaling and its regulation of Stc1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) expression/function using a primary gill-cell culture model. The biochemical responses of gill cells isolated from Japanese eels to an increasing concentration of extracellular Ca(2) (+) (0.1-1 mM) were tested. This stimulation led to a transient increase in phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) activity, followed by activation of ERK and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-Ca(2) (+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) signaling pathways. Cotreatment with the calcimimetic R467 caused synergistic effects on Ca(2) (+)-stimulated PC-PLC activity, ERK signaling, and CaMK2 signaling. The activation of the CaSR-PLC-ERK pathway was associated with increased expression levels of Stc1 and Cox2 as confirmed by the inhibition of Erk using a chemical inhibitor, PD98059. Functionally, Ca(2) (+)/R-467 pretreatment was found to protect cells from thapsigargin-induced cell death. Inhibition of COX2 activity using NS398 abolished this protection, while transduction of STC1 lentiviral particles in the gill cells increased the protective effects. Collectively, our data revealed the expression of functional CaSR in gill tissues. The identification of the CaSR-STC1/COX2-mediated protective pathway in gill cells sheds light on a possible cellular protective mechanism against an increase in intracellular Ca(2) (+) levels associated with transepithelial Ca(2) (+) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Y S Law
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - B H Y Yeung
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C K C Wong
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
TRPV6 (former synonyms ECAC2, CaT1, CaT-like) displays several specific features which makes it unique among the members of the mammalian Trp gene family (1) TRPV6 (and its closest relative, TRPV5) are the only highly Ca(2+)-selective channels of the entire TRP superfamily (Peng et al. 1999; Wissenbach et al. 2001; Voets et al. 2004). (2) Translation of Trpv6 initiates at a non-AUG codon, at ACG, located upstream of the annotated AUG, which is not used for initiation (Fecher-Trost et al. 2013). The ACG codon is nevertheless decoded by methionine. Not only a very rare event in eukaryotic biology, the full-length TRPV6 protein existing in vivo comprises an amino terminus extended by 40 amino acid residues compared to the annotated truncated TRPV6 protein which has been used in most studies on TRPV6 channel activity so far. (In the following numbering occurs according to this full-length protein, with the numbers of the so far annotated truncated protein in brackets). (3) Only in humans a coupled polymorphism of Trpv6 exists causing three amino acid exchanges and resulting in an ancestral Trpv6 haplotype and a so-called derived Trpv6 haplotype (Wissenbach et al. 2001). The ancestral allele encodes the amino acid residues C197(157), M418(378) and M721(681) and the derived alleles R197(157), V418(378) and T721(681). The ancestral haplotype is found in all species, the derived Trpv6 haplotype has only been identified in humans, and its frequency increases with the distance to the African continent. Apparently the Trpv6 gene has been a strong target for selection in humans, and its derived variant is one of the few examples showing consistently differences to the orthologues genes of other primates (Akey et al. 2004, 2006; Stajich and Hahn 2005; Hughes et al. 2008). (4) The Trpv6 gene expression is significantly upregulated in several human malignancies including the most common cancers, prostate and breast cancer (Wissenbach et al. 2001; Zhuang et al. 2002; Fixemer et al. 2003; Bolanz et al. 2008). (5) Male mice lacking functional TRPV6 channels are hypo-/infertile making TRPV6 one of the very few channels essential for male fertility (Weissgerber et al. 2011, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Human SLC26A1 gene variants: a pilot study. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:541710. [PMID: 24250268 PMCID: PMC3819931 DOI: 10.1155/2013/541710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stones are a global health problem, incurring massive health costs annually. Why stones recur in many patients remains unknown but likely involves environmental, physiological, and genetic factors. The solute linked carrier (SLC) 26A1 gene has previously been linked to kidney stones in mice. SLC26A1 encodes the sulfate anion transporter 1 (SAT1) protein, and its loss in mice leads to hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate renal stones. To investigate the possible involvement of SAT1 in human urolithiasis, we screened the SLC26A1 gene in a cohort of 13 individuals with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis, which is the commonest type. DNA sequence analyses showed missense mutations in seven patients: one individual was heterozygous R372H; 4 individuals were heterozygous Q556R; one patient was homozygous Q556R; and one patient with severe nephrocalcinosis (requiring nephrectomy) was homozygous Q556R and heterozygous M132T. The M132 amino acid in human SAT1 is conserved with 15 other species and is located within the third transmembrane domain of the predicted SAT1 protein structure, suggesting that this amino acid may be important for SAT1 function. These initial findings demonstrate genetic variants in SLC26A1 of recurrent stone formers and warrant wider independent studies of SLC26A1 in humans with recurrent calcium oxalate stones.
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Rowlands C, Zyada A, Zouwail S, Joshi H, Stechman MJ, Scott-Coombes DM. Recurrent urolithiasis following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013; 95:523-8. [PMID: 24112502 PMCID: PMC5827286 DOI: 10.1308/003588413x13629960048712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of parathyroidectomy on the incidence of recurrent stone formation is uncertain. We aimed to compare the biochemistry and recurrence rate of urolithiasis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and stone formation (SF) and non-stone formation (NSF) with idiopathic stone formers (ISF). METHODS Patients with pHPT and SF (Group 1) were identified from a prospective database. pHPT patients and NSF (Group 2) and ISFs (Group 3) were randomly selected from respective databases to form three equal groups. Preoperative and postoperative biochemical data were analysed and recurrent urolithiasis diagnosed if present on follow-up radiology. Out-of-area patients were asked about recurrence via telephone. RESULTS From July 2002 to October 2011, 640 patients had parathyroidectomy for pHPT. Of these, 66 (10.3%) had a history of renal colic; one was lost to follow-up. Patient demographics were similar across all three groups. Three months post-parathyroidectomy, Groups 1 and 2 had significantly reduced serum calcium concentrations (p<0.01). Group 1 had lower urinary calcium excretion after parathyroidectomy (p<0.01), but estimated glomerular filtration rate did not change following surgery. During median follow-up of 4.33 years (0.25-9 years) in Groups 1 and 2 and 5.08 years (0.810-8 years) in Group 3, one patient (1.5%) in Group 1 and 16 patients (25%) in Group 3 had recurrent urolithiasis (p<0.01). No Group 2 patients developed stones. CONCLUSION Curative parathyroidectomy confers a low recurrence rate for urolithiasis, but does not prevent recurrence in all patients. Further research should aim to identify the risk factors for continued SF in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rowlands
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Toka HR, Genovese G, Mount DB, Pollak MR, Curhan GC. Frequency of rare allelic variation in candidate genes among individuals with low and high urinary calcium excretion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71885. [PMID: 23991001 PMCID: PMC3753300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the association of rare allelic variants with extremes of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion because higher urinary calcium excretion is a dominant risk factor for calcium-based kidney stone formation. We resequenced 40 candidate genes potentially related to urinary calcium excretion in individuals from the Nurses' Health Studies I & II and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. A total of 960 participants were selected based on availability of 24-hour urine collection data and level of urinary calcium excretion (low vs. high). We utilized DNA sample pooling, droplet-based target gene enrichment, multiplexing, and high-throughput sequencing. Approximately 64% of samples (n = 615) showed both successful target enrichment and sequencing data with >20-fold deep coverage. A total of 259 novel allelic variants were identified. None of the rare gene variants (allele frequencies <2%) were found with increased frequency in the low vs. high urinary calcium groups; most of these variants were only observed in single individuals. Unadjusted analysis of variants with allele frequencies ≥ 2% suggested an association of the Claudin14 SNP rs113831133 with lower urinary calcium excretion (6/520 versus 29/710 haplotypes, P value = 0.003). Our data, together with previous human and animal studies, suggest a possible role for Claudin14 in urinary calcium excretion. Genetic validation studies in larger sample sets will be necessary to confirm our findings for rs113831133. In the tested set of candidate genes, rare allelic variants do not appear to contribute significantly to differences in urinary calcium excretion between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan R. Toka
- Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David B. Mount
- Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martin R. Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gary C. Curhan
- Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Loh NY, Bentley L, Dimke H, Verkaart S, Tammaro P, Gorvin CM, Stechman MJ, Ahmad BN, Hannan FM, Piret SE, Evans H, Bellantuono I, Hough TA, Fraser WD, Hoenderop JGJ, Ashcroft FM, Brown SDM, Bindels RJM, Cox RD, Thakker RV. Autosomal dominant hypercalciuria in a mouse model due to a mutation of the epithelial calcium channel, TRPV5. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55412. [PMID: 23383183 PMCID: PMC3559602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercalciuria is a major cause of nephrolithiasis, and is a common and complex disorder involving genetic and environmental factors. Identification of genetic factors for monogenic forms of hypercalciuria is hampered by the limited availability of large families, and to facilitate such studies, we screened for hypercalciuria in mice from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis programme. We identified a mouse with autosomal dominant hypercalciuria (HCALC1). Linkage studies mapped the Hcalc1 locus to a 11.94 Mb region on chromosome 6 containing the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, members 5 (Trpv5) and 6 (Trpv6) genes. DNA sequence analysis of coding regions, intron-exon boundaries and promoters of Trpv5 and Trpv6 identified a novel T to C transition in codon 682 of TRPV5, mutating a conserved serine to a proline (S682P). Compared to wild-type littermates, heterozygous (Trpv5682P/+) and homozygous (Trpv5682P/682P) mutant mice had hypercalciuria, polyuria, hyperphosphaturia and a more acidic urine, and ∼10% of males developed tubulointerstitial nephritis. Trpv5682P/682P mice also had normal plasma parathyroid hormone but increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations without increased bone resorption, consistent with a renal defect for the hypercalciuria. Expression of the S682P mutation in human embryonic kidney cells revealed that TRPV5-S682P-expressing cells had a lower baseline intracellular calcium concentration than wild-type TRPV5-expressing cells, suggesting an altered calcium permeability. Immunohistological studies revealed a selective decrease in TRPV5-expression from the renal distal convoluted tubules of Trpv5682P/+ and Trpv5682P/682P mice consistent with a trafficking defect. In addition, Trpv5682P/682P mice had a reduction in renal expression of the intracellular calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28K, consistent with a specific defect in TRPV5-mediated renal calcium reabsorption. Thus, our findings indicate that the TRPV5 S682P mutant is functionally significant and study of HCALC1, a novel model for autosomal dominant hypercalciuria, may help further our understanding of renal calcium reabsorption and hypercalciuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y. Loh
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Bentley
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Verkaart
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M. Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Stechman
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bushra N. Ahmad
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E. Piret
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Evans
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tertius A. Hough
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Fraser
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frances M. Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steve D. M. Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - René J. M. Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger D. Cox
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Frick KK, Asplin JR, Favus MJ, Culbertson C, Krieger NS, Bushinsky DA. Increased biological response to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F718-26. [PMID: 23344574 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00645.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats, bred to maximize urine (U) calcium (Ca) excretion, have increased intestinal Ca absorption and bone Ca resorption and reduced renal Ca reabsorption, leading to increased UCa compared with the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. GHS rats have increased vitamin D receptors (VDR) at each of these sites, with normal levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (1,25D), indicating that their VDR is undersaturated with 1,25D. We tested the hypothesis that 1,25D would induce a greater increase in UCa in GHS rats by feeding both strains ample Ca and injecting 1,25D (25 ng · 100 g body wt(-1) · day(-1)) or vehicle for 16 days. With 1,25D, UCa in SD increased from 1.7 ± 0.3 mg/day to 24.4 ± 1.2 (Δ = 22.4 ± 1.5) and increased more in GHS from 10.5 ± 0.7 to 41.9 ± 0.7 (Δ = 29.8 ± 1.8; P = 0.003). To determine the mechanism of the greater increase in UCa in GHS rats, we measured kidney RNA expression of components of renal Ca transport. Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)5 and calbindin D(28K) were increased similarly in SD + 1,25D and GHS + 1,25D. The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) was increased in GHS + 1,25D. Klotho was decreased in SD + 1,25D and GHS + 1,25D. TRPV6 was increased in SD + 1,25D and increased further in GHS + 1,25D. Claudin 14, 16, and 19, Na/K/2Cl transporter (NKCC2), and secretory K channel (ROMK) did not differ between SD + 1,25D and GHS + 1,25D. Increased UCa with 1,25D in GHS exceeded that of SD, indicating that the increased VDR in GHS induces a greater biological response. This increase in UCa, which must come from the intestine and/or bone, must exceed any effect of 1,25D on TRPV6 or NCX1-mediated renal Ca reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Frick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Woudenberg-Vrenken TE, Lameris AL, Weißgerber P, Olausson J, Flockerzi V, Bindels RJM, Freichel M, Hoenderop JGJ. Functional TRPV6 channels are crucial for transepithelial Ca2+ absorption. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G879-85. [PMID: 22878123 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00089.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
TRPV6 is considered the primary protein responsible for transcellular Ca2+ absorption. In vitro studies demonstrate that a negatively charged amino acid (D) within the putative pore region of mouse TRPV6 (position 541) is critical for Ca2+ permeation of the channel. To elucidate the role of TRPV6 in transepithelial Ca2+ transport in vivo, we functionally analyzed a TRPV6D541A/D541A knockin mouse model. After weaning, mice were fed a regular (1% wt/wt) or Ca2+-deficient (0.02% wt/wt) diet and housed in metabolic cages. Blood was sampled for Ca2+ measurements, and the expression of Ca2+ transport proteins was analyzed in kidney and duodenum. Intestinal 45Ca2+ uptake was measured in vivo by an absorption assay. Challenging the mice with the Ca2+-deficient diet resulted in hypocalcemia in wild-type and TRPV6D541A/D541A mice. On a low-Ca2+ diet both mouse strains displayed increased expression of intestinal TRPV6, calbindin-D(9K), and renal TRPV5. TRPV6D541A/D541A mice showed significantly impaired intestinal Ca2+ uptake compared with wild-type mice, and duodenal TRPV5 expression was increased in TRPV6D541A/D541A mice. On a normal diet, serum Ca2+ concentrations normalized in both mouse strains. Under these conditions, intestinal Ca2+ uptake was similar, and the expression levels of renal and intestinal Ca2+ transport proteins were not affected. We demonstrate that TRPV6D541A/D541A mice exhibit impaired transcellular Ca2+ absorption. Duodenal TRPV5 expression was increased in TRPV6D541A/D541A mice, albeit insufficient to correct for the diminished Ca2+ absorption. Under normal conditions, when passive Ca2+ transport is predominant, no differences between wild-type and TRPV6D541A/D541A mice were observed. Our results demonstrate a specific role for TRPV6 in transepithelial Ca2+ absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titia E Woudenberg-Vrenken
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wu G, Zhang W, Na T, Jing H, Wu H, Peng JB. Suppression of intestinal calcium entry channel TRPV6 by OCRL, a lipid phosphatase associated with Lowe syndrome and Dent disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1479-91. [PMID: 22378746 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00277.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) gene product is a phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)] 5-phosphatase, and mutations of OCRL cause Lowe syndrome and Dent disease, both of which are frequently associated with hypercalciuria. Transient receptor potential, vanilloid subfamily, subtype 6 (TRPV6) is an intestinal epithelial Ca(2+) channel mediating active Ca(2+) absorption. Hyperabsorption of Ca(2+) was found in patients of Dent disease with increased Ca(2+) excretion. In this study, we tested whether TRPV6 is regulated by OCRL and, if so, to what extent it is altered by Dent-causing OCRL mutations using Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. Exogenous OCRL decreased TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) uptake by regulating the function and trafficking of TRPV6 through different domains of OCRL. The PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase domain suppressed the TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) transport likely through regulating the PI(4,5)P(2) level needed for TRPV6 function without affecting TRPV6 protein abundance of TRPV6 at the cell surface. The forward trafficking of TRPV6 was decreased by OCRL. The Rab binding domain in OCRL was involved in regulating the trafficking of TRPV6. Knocking down endogenous X. laevis OCRL by antisense approach increased TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) transport and TRPV6 forward trafficking. All seven Dent-causing OCRL mutations examined exhibited alleviation of the inhibitory effect on TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) transport together with decreased overall PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase activity. In conclusion, OCRL suppresses TRPV6 via two separate mechanisms. The disruption of PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase activity by Dent-causing mutations of OCRL may lead to increased intestinal Ca(2+) absorption and, in turn, hypercalciuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Wu
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA
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Southard EB, Roff A, Fortugno T, Richie JP, Kaag M, Chinchilli VM, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Wilson RT. Lead, calcium uptake, and related genetic variants in association with renal cell carcinoma risk in a cohort of male Finnish smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:191-201. [PMID: 22086884 PMCID: PMC3601826 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is classified as a probable human carcinogen. However, its role in renal cell cancer (RCC) has not been established. Calcium and vitamin D may off-set toxicity in vivo. METHODS In this nested case-control study, whole blood lead, total serum calcium, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured in blood drawn prior to diagnosis among male smokers participating in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in five genes (CALB1, TRPV5, TRPV6, VDR, and ALAD) related to lead toxicity or calcium transport were genotyped. Logistic and linear regressions were used to determine RCC risk and time to diagnosis (respectively), adjusting for other risk factors. RESULTS Among 154 newly diagnosed cases and 308 matched controls, RCC was associated with higher whole blood lead [OR = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-3.9; quartile 4 (Q4) vs. Q1, P(trend) = 0.022] and CALB1 rs1800645 (P(trend) = 0.025, minor 'T' allele frequency = 0.34). Higher total serum calcium (P(trend) ≤ 0.001) was associated with reduced RCC risk. Total serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels did not alter the association observed with lead. Time from enrollment to RCC diagnosis was positively associated with serum calcium (P(trend) = 0.002) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P(trend) = 0.054) among cases. CONCLUSIONS Higher blood lead concentrations, below the 10 μg/dL level of concern, were associated with RCC, independent from serum calcium and CALB1 promoter polymorphism. IMPACT Increased risk of RCC is associated with lower serum calcium and higher whole blood lead in smokers. The clinical prognostic value of serum calcium and vitamin D in RCC should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Southard
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alanna Roff
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Tracey Fortugno
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John P. Richie
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Kaag
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robin Taylor Wilson
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides, especially phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] are required for the activity of many different ion channels. This chapter will highlight various aspects of this paradigm, by discussing current knowledge on four different ion channel families: inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels, KCNQ voltage gated K(+) channels, voltage gated Ca(2+) (VGCC) channels and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. Our main focus is to discuss functional aspects of this regulation, i.e. how changes in the concentration of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in the plasma membrane upon phospholipase C activation may modulate the activity of ion channels, and what are the major determinants of this regulation. We also discuss how channels act as coincidence detectors sensing phosphoinositide levels and other signalling molecules. We also briefly discuss the available methods to study phosphoinositide regulation of ion channels, and structural aspects of interaction of ion channel proteins with these phospholipids. Finally, in several cases the effect of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) is more complex than a simple dependence of ion channel activity on the lipid, and we will discuss some these complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gamper
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK,
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Hu M, Ayub Q, Guerra-Assunção JA, Long Q, Ning Z, Huang N, Romero IG, Mamanova L, Akan P, Liu X, Coffey AJ, Turner DJ, Swerdlow H, Burton J, Quail MA, Conrad DF, Enright AJ, Tyler-Smith C, Xue Y. Exploration of signals of positive selection derived from genotype-based human genome scans using re-sequencing data. Hum Genet 2011; 131:665-74. [PMID: 22057783 PMCID: PMC3325425 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated whether regions of the genome showing signs of positive selection in scans based on haplotype structure also show evidence of positive selection when sequence-based tests are applied, whether the target of selection can be localized more precisely, and whether such extra evidence can lead to increased biological insights. We used two tools: simulations under neutrality or selection, and experimental investigation of two regions identified by the HapMap2 project as putatively selected in human populations. Simulations suggested that neutral and selected regions should be readily distinguished and that it should be possible to localize the selected variant to within 40 kb at least half of the time. Re-sequencing of two ~300 kb regions (chr4:158Mb and chr10:22Mb) lacking known targets of selection in HapMap CHB individuals provided strong evidence for positive selection within each and suggested the micro-RNA gene hsa-miR-548c as the best candidate target in one region, and changes in regulation of the sperm protein gene SPAG6 in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Qasim Ayub
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | | | - Quan Long
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
- Present Address: Gregor Mendel Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie GmbH, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zemin Ning
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Ni Huang
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Lira Mamanova
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Pelin Akan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
- Present Address: Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin Liu
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Alison J. Coffey
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Daniel J. Turner
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
- Present Address: Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd., Oxford, UK
| | - Harold Swerdlow
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - John Burton
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Michael A. Quail
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
- Present Address: Department of Genetics, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Anton J. Enright
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD UK
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
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Zakharian E, Cao C, Rohacs T. Intracellular ATP supports TRPV6 activity via lipid kinases and the generation of PtdIns(4,5) P₂. FASEB J 2011; 25:3915-28. [PMID: 21810903 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-184630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) channels play an important role in Ca(2+) absorption in the intestines. Both phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] and cytoplasmic ATP have been proposed to be important for maintaining TRPV6 activity. To evaluate whether PtdIns(4,5)P(2) and ATP affect channel activity directly or indirectly, we have used a dual approach, examining channel activity in excised patches and planar lipid bilayers. In excised inside-out patch-clamp measurements, ATP reactivated the human TRPV6 channels after current rundown only in the presence of Mg(2+). The effect of MgATP was inhibited by 3 structurally different compounds that inhibit type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks). PtdIns(4,5)P(2) also activated TRPV6 in excised patches, while its precursor PtdIns(4)P had only minimal effect. These data demonstrate that MgATP provides substrate for lipid kinases, allowing the resynthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P(2). To determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P(2) is a direct activator of TRPV6, we purified and reconstituted the channel protein in planar lipid bilayers. The reconstituted channel showed high activity in the presence of PtdIns(4,5)P(2), while PtdIns(4)P induced only minimal activity. Our data establish PtdIns(4,5)P(2) as a direct activator of TRPV6 and demonstrate that intracellular ATP regulates the channel indirectly as a substrate for type III PI4Ks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Zakharian
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Peng JB. TRPV5 and TRPV6 in transcellular Ca(2+) transport: regulation, gene duplication, and polymorphisms in African populations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:239-75. [PMID: 21290300 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TRPV5 and TRPV6 are unique members of the TRP super family. They are highly selective for Ca(2+) ions with multiple layers of Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation mechanisms, expressed at the apical membrane of Ca(2+) transporting epithelia, and robustly responsive to 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D(3). These features are well suited for their roles as Ca(2+) entry channels in the first step of transcellular Ca(2+) transport pathways, which are involved in intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption of Ca(2+), placental transfer of Ca(2+) to fetus, and many other processes. While TRPV6 is more broadly expressed in a variety of tissues such as esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, kidney, placenta, pancreas, prostate, uterus, salivary gland, and sweat gland, TRPV5 expression is relatively restricted to the distal convoluted tubule and connecting tubule of the kidney. There is only one TRPV6-like gene in fish and birds in comparison to both TRPV5 and TRPV6 genes in mammals, indicating TRPV5 gene was likely generated from duplication of TRPV6 gene during the evolution of mammals to meet the needs of complex renal function. TRPV5 and TRPV6 are subjected to vigorous regulations under physiological, pathological, and therapeutic conditions. The elevated TRPV6 level in malignant tumors such as prostate and breast cancers makes it a potential therapeutic target. TRPV6, and to a lesser extent TRPV5, exhibit unusually high levels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in African populations as compared to other populations, indicating TRPV6 gene was under selective pressure during or after humans migrated out of Africa. The SNPs of TRPV6 and TRPV5 likely contribute to the Ca(2+) conservation mechanisms in African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Vezzoli G, Terranegra A, Arcidiacono T, Soldati L. Genetics and calcium nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2010; 80:587-93. [PMID: 20962745 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcium nephrolithiasis is one of the most prevalent uronephrologic disorders in the western countries. Studies in families and twins evidenced a genetic predisposition to calcium nephrolithiasis. Family-based or case-control studies of single-candidate genes evidenced the possible involvement of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and osteopontin (OPN) gene polymorphisms in stone formation. The only high-throughput genome-wide association study identified claudin 14 (CLDN14) gene as a possible major gene of nephrolithiasis. Specific phenotypes were related with these genes: CASR gene in normocitraturic patients, VDR gene in hypocitraturic patients with severe clinical course, and CLDN14 gene in hypercalciuric patients. The pathogenetic weight of these genes remains unclear, but an alteration of their expression may occur in stone formers. Technological skills, accurate clinical examination, and a detailed phenotype description are the basis to get new insight about the genetic basis of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
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Lameris ALL, Huybers S, Burke JR, Monnens LA, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Involvement of claudin 3 and claudin 4 in idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia: a novel hypothesis? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:3504-9. [PMID: 20466674 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia (IIH) is a rare disease that generally resolves spontaneously between the age of 1 and 3 years. Similar symptoms may occur in patients suffering from Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), which is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7. Two of the genes, named CLDN3 and CLDN4, located within this region are members of the claudin family that has been shown to be involved in paracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) absorption. Based on the hemizygous loss of CLDN3 and CLDN4 in WBS and the function of these genes in paracellular Ca(2+) transport, we hypothesized that mutations in CLDN3 or CLDN4 could also be involved in IIH. METHODS Biochemical characteristics, including calciotropic hormone levels, were obtained from three typical IIH patients. CLDN3 and CLDN4 sequences were also analysed in these patients. The major intestinal Ca(2+) transporter TRPV6 was also screened for the presence of mutations, since hypercalcaemia in IIH and WBS has been shown to result from intestinal hyperabsorption. All three patients were also analysed for the presence of deletions or duplications using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for genomic DNA. RESULTS The serum Ca(2+) levels of patients were 2.9, 3.3 and 3.8 mmol/L (normal <2.7 mmol/L). Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) were normal, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) levels were appropriately low. Sequencing of coding regions and intron-exon boundaries did not reveal mutations in CLDN3, CLDN4 and TRPV6. Identified SNPs were not correlated with the disease phenotype. A SNP array did not reveal genomic deletions or duplications. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical analysis did not reveal inappropriate levels of calciotropic hormones in IIH patients in this study. Furthermore, based on the lack of mutations in CLDN3, CLDN4 and TRPV6, we conclude that IIH is neither caused by mutations in these candidate genes nor by deletions or duplications in the genome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke L L Lameris
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Transient receptor potential channelopathies. Pflugers Arch 2010; 460:437-50. [PMID: 20127491 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, several hereditary diseases caused by defects in transient receptor potential channels (TRP) genes have been described. This review summarizes our current knowledge about TRP channelopathies and their possible pathomechanisms. Based on available genetic indications, we will also describe several putative pathological conditions in which (mal)function of TRP channels could be anticipated.
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Sudo Y, Matsuo K, Tetsuo T, Tsutsumi S, Ohkura M, Nakai J, Uezono Y. Derived (Mutated)–Types of TRPV6 Channels Elicit Greater Ca2+ Influx Into the Cells Than Ancestral-Types of TRPV6: Evidence From Xenopus Oocytes and Mammalian Cell Expression System. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 114:281-91. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10169fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Functional Analysis of TRPV6 Polymorphisms. Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gottlieb B, Chalifour LE, Mitmaker B, Sheiner N, Obrand D, Abraham C, Meilleur M, Sugahara T, Bkaily G, Schweitzer M. BAK1 gene variation and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1043-7. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists, in mammals, of six protein subfamilies, TRPC, TRPM, TRPV, TRPA, TRPML and TRPP. TRPs are cation channels involved in many physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of various disorders. In the kidney, TRP channels are expressed along the nephron, and a role for some of these channels in renal function has been proposed. TRPC3 is thought to facilitate calcium ion influx into the principal cells of the collecting duct in response to vasopressin. TRPM3 and TRPV4 might be osmosensors, whereas the TRPP1/TRPP2 complex could function as a mechanosensor in the cilia of renal epithelial cells. A number of kidney diseases have also been linked to dysfunctional activity of TRPs. TRPC6 dysfunction has been associated with the onset of focal segmental glomerosclerosis; TRPP2 dysfunction is linked to autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, TRPM6 mutations underlie hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, and TRPV1 dysfunction is implicated in renal hypertension. A link between TRPC1 dysfunction and diabetic nephropathy has also been suggested in an animal model. Animal studies have implicated a role for TRPV5 in idiopathic hypercalciuria and vitamin D-dependent rickets, although these observations have not been confirmed in patients. This Review focuses on the role of renal TRP channels in health and disease.
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Rohacs T. Phosphoinositide regulation of non-canonical transient receptor potential channels. Cell Calcium 2009; 45:554-65. [PMID: 19376575 PMCID: PMC2720793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, and characterized by diverse activation mechanisms. Phosphoinositides, especially phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PIP(2), or PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] recently emerged as regulators of many TRP channels. Several TRP channels require PIP(2) for activity, and depletion of the lipid inhibits them. For some TRP channels, however, phosphoinositide regulation seems more complex, both activating and inhibitory effects have been reported. This review will discuss phosphoinositide regulation of members of the TRPM (Melastatin), TRPV (Vanilloid), TRPA (Ankyrin) and TRPP (Polycystin) families. Lipid regulation of TRPC (Canonical) channels is discussed elsewhere in this volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Na T, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Liang Y, Ma HP, Warnock DG, Peng JB. The A563T variation of the renal epithelial calcium channel TRPV5 among African Americans enhances calcium influx. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F1042-51. [PMID: 19261737 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90771.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5 (TRPV5) gene, which encodes the Ca(2+) channel in the apical membrane of distal convoluted tubule and connecting tubule of the kidney, exhibits an unusually high frequency of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among African Americans. To assess the functional impacts of the nonsynonymous SNP variations in TRPV5, these variants were analyzed with radiotracer (45)Ca(2+) influx assay and the voltage-clamp technique using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Among the variations tested, including A8V, R154H, A563T, and L712F, the latter two significantly increased TRPV5-mediated Ca(2+) influx. The A563T variant, which exists in African Americans with relative high frequency, exhibited increased Ca(2+) influx at extracellular Ca(2+) from 0.01 to 2 mM despite a lower expression level at the plasma membrane. This variant also exhibited a reduction in Na(+) current as a result of increased sensitivity to extracellular Mg(2+). By substituting threonine-563 (Thr(563)) with serine or valine residue, the bulky side chain of Thr(563) was shown to facilitate Ca(2+) transport, whereas the hydroxyl group of Thr(563) is likely related to Mg(2+) sensitivity. The A563T variant was capable of increasing TRPV5-mediated Ca(2+) influx, even when it was expressed under conditions mimicking heterozygous or compound state with other variants. In conclusion, the A563T variant of TRPV5 significantly increased Ca(2+) influx by affecting the Ca(2+) permeation pathway. Thus the A563T variation in TRPV5 may contribute to the superior ability of renal Ca(2+) conservation in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Na
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Sequence Analysis of Human TRPV6 Suggests Positive Selection Outside Africa. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:147-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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