1
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Zhang S, Wang J, Sun L, Han J, Xiong X, Xiao D, Wu Q. Investigation of the genetic and clinical features of laterality disorders in prenatal diagnosis: discovery of a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the DNAH11 gene. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:695-704. [PMID: 38852111 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left-right laterality disorders are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by an altered position or orientation of the thoracic and intra-abdominal organs and vasculature across the left-right axis. They mainly include situs inversus and heterotaxy. Those disorders are complicated by cardiovascular abnormalities significantly more frequently than situs solitus. METHODS In this study, 16 patients with a fetal diagnosis of laterality disorder with congenital heart defects (CHD) were evaluated with a single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-arry) combined with whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Although the diagnostic rate of copy number variations was 0 and the diagnostic rate of WES was 6.3% (1/16), the likely pathogenic gene DNAH11 and the candidate gene OFD1 were ultimately identified. In addition, novel compound heterozygous mutations in the DNAH11 gene and novel hemizygous variants in the OFD1 gene were found. Among the combined CHD, a single atrium/single ventricle had the highest incidence (50%, 8/16), followed by atrioventricular septal defects (37.5%, 6/16). Notably, two rare cases of common pulmonary vein atresia (CPVA) were also found on autopsy. CONCLUSION This study identified the types of CHD with a high incidence in patients with laterality disorders. It is clear that WES is an effective tool for diagnosing laterality disorders and can play an important role in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijing Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Center of Medical Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Brooks EC, Han SJY, Bonatto Paese CL, Lewis AA, Aarnio-Peterson M, Brugmann SA. The ciliary protein C2cd3 is required for mandibular musculoskeletal tissue patterning. Differentiation 2024; 138:100782. [PMID: 38810379 PMCID: PMC11227401 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The mandible is composed of several musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, and tendon that require precise patterning to ensure structural and functional integrity. Interestingly, most of these tissues are derived from one multipotent cell population called cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs). How CNCCs are properly instructed to differentiate into various tissue types remains nebulous. To better understand the mechanisms necessary for the patterning of mandibular musculoskeletal tissues we utilized the avian mutant talpid2 (ta2) which presents with several malformations of the facial skeleton including dysplastic tendons, mispatterned musculature, and bilateral ectopic cartilaginous processes extending off Meckel's cartilage. We found an ectopic epithelial BMP signaling domain in the ta2 mandibular prominence (MNP) that correlated with the subsequent expansion of SOX9+ cartilage precursors. These findings were validated with conditional murine models suggesting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for CNCC-derived musculoskeletal patterning. Collectively, these data support a model in which cilia are required to define epithelial signal centers essential for proper musculoskeletal patterning of CNCC-derived mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Brooks
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Simon J Y Han
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Christian Louis Bonatto Paese
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Amya A Lewis
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Megan Aarnio-Peterson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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3
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Zhong BH, Dong M. The implication of ciliary signaling pathways for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1535-1543. [PMID: 37490178 PMCID: PMC11224103 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an essential role in development, tissue repair and fibrosis, and cancer progression, is a reversible cellular program that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cell states characterized by motility-invasive properties. The mostly signaling pathways that initiated and controlled the EMT program are regulated by a solitary, non-motile organelle named primary cilium. Acting as a signaling nexus, primary cilium dynamically concentrates signaling molecules to respond to extracellular cues. Recent research has provided direct evidence of connection between EMT and primary ciliogenesis in multiple contexts, but the mechanistic understanding of this relationship is complicated and still undergoing. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the ciliary signaling pathways involved in EMT and list the direct evidence that shows the link between them, trying to figure out the intricate relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis, which may aid the future development of primary cilium as a novel therapeutic approach targeted to EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hua Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Liu J, Xie H, Wu M, Hu Y, Kang Y. The role of cilia during organogenesis in zebrafish. Open Biol 2023; 13:230228. [PMID: 38086423 PMCID: PMC10715920 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of eukaryotic cells and are present on the surface of nearly all human cells. Cilia play a crucial role in signal transduction, organ development and tissue homeostasis. Abnormalities in the structure and function of cilia can lead to a group of human diseases known as ciliopathies. Currently, zebrafish serves as an ideal model for studying ciliary function and ciliopathies due to its relatively conserved structure and function of cilia compared to humans. In this review, we will summarize the different types of cilia that present in embryonic and adult zebrafish, and provide an overview of the advantages of using zebrafish as a vertebrate model for cilia research. We will specifically focus on the roles of cilia during zebrafish organogenesis based on recent studies. Additionally, we will highlight future prospects for ciliary research in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xie
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ka HI, Cho M, Kwon SH, Mun SH, Han S, Kim MJ, Yang Y. IK is essentially involved in ciliogenesis as an upstream regulator of oral-facial-digital syndrome ciliopathy gene, ofd1. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:195. [PMID: 37898820 PMCID: PMC10612314 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface. Abnormalities in cilia result in various ciliopathies, including polycystic kidney disease (PKD), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), and oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFD1), which show genetic defects associated with cilia formation. Although an increasing number of human diseases is attributed to ciliary defects, the functions or regulatory mechanisms of several ciliopathy genes remain unclear. Because multi ciliated cells (MCCs) are especially deep in vivo, studying ciliogenesis is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that ik is essential for ciliogenesis in vivo. RESULTS In the absence of ik, zebrafish embryos showed various ciliopathy phenotypes, such as body curvature, abnormal otoliths, and cyst formation in the kidney. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ik positively regulated ofd1 expression required for cilium assembly. In fact, depletion of ik resulted in the downregulation of ofd1 expression with ciliary defects, and these ciliary defects in ik mutants were rescued by restoring ofd1 expression. Interestingly, ik affected ciliogenesis particularly in the proximal tubule but not in the distal tubule in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the role of ik in ciliogenesis in vivo for the first time. Loss of ik in zebrafish embryos displays various ciliopathy phenotypes with abnormal ciliary morphology in ciliary tissues. Our findings on the ik-ofd1 axis provide new insights into the biological function of ik in clinical ciliopathy studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Ka
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea
- Chronic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea
| | - Mina Cho
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Mun
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea
- Chronic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea
| | - Sora Han
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea.
| | - Young Yang
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea.
- Chronic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04312, South Korea.
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6
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Mascibroda LG, Shboul M, Elrod ND, Colleaux L, Hamamy H, Huang KL, Peart N, Singh MK, Lee H, Merriman B, Jodoin JN, Sitaram P, Lee LA, Fathalla R, Al-Rawashdeh B, Ababneh O, El-Khateeb M, Escande-Beillard N, Nelson SF, Wu Y, Tong L, Kenney LJ, Roy S, Russell WK, Amiel J, Reversade B, Wagner EJ. INTS13 variants causing a recessive developmental ciliopathy disrupt assembly of the Integrator complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6054. [PMID: 36229431 PMCID: PMC9559116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes are a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders characterized by malformations of the face and oral cavity, and digit anomalies. Mutations within 12 cilia-related genes have been identified that cause several types of OFD, suggesting that OFDs constitute a subgroup of developmental ciliopathies. Through homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing of two families with variable OFD type 2, we identified distinct germline variants in INTS13, a subunit of the Integrator complex. This multiprotein complex associates with RNA Polymerase II and cleaves nascent RNA to modulate gene expression. We determined that INTS13 utilizes its C-terminus to bind the Integrator cleavage module, which is disrupted by the identified germline variants p.S652L and p.K668Nfs*9. Depletion of INTS13 disrupts ciliogenesis in human cultured cells and causes dysregulation of a broad collection of ciliary genes. Accordingly, its knockdown in Xenopus embryos leads to motile cilia anomalies. Altogether, we show that mutations in INTS13 cause an autosomal recessive ciliopathy, which reveals key interactions between components of the Integrator complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Mascibroda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Mohammad Shboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nathan D Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hanan Hamamy
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Lieh Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Natoya Peart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Moirangthem Kiran Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- 3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Barry Merriman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeanne N Jodoin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Poojitha Sitaram
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Laura A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Raja Fathalla
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Baeth Al-Rawashdeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Osama Ababneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nathalie Escande-Beillard
- Department of Medical Genetics, KOÇ University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Linda J Kenney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Génétique, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Department of Medical Genetics, KOÇ University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
- Smart-Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, 137673, Singapore.
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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7
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Rusterholz TDS, Hofmann C, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Insights Gained From Zebrafish Models for the Ciliopathy Joubert Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:939527. [PMID: 35846153 PMCID: PMC9280682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.939527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are quasi-ubiquitous microtubule-based sensory organelles, which play vital roles in signal transduction during development and cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of cilia leads to a group of Mendelian disorders called ciliopathies, divided into different diagnoses according to clinical phenotype constellation and genetic causes. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a prototypical ciliopathy defined by a diagnostic cerebellar and brain stem malformation termed the “Molar Tooth Sign” (MTS), in addition to which patients display variable combinations of typical ciliopathy phenotypes such as retinal dystrophy, fibrocystic renal disease, polydactyly or skeletal dystrophy. Like most ciliopathies, JBTS is genetically highly heterogeneous with ∼40 associated genes. Zebrafish are widely used to model ciliopathies given the high conservation of ciliary genes and the variety of specialized cilia types similar to humans. In this review, we compare different existing JBTS zebrafish models with each other and describe their contributions to our understanding of JBTS pathomechanism. We find that retinal dystrophy, which is the most investigated ciliopathy phenotype in zebrafish ciliopathy models, is caused by distinct mechanisms according to the affected gene. Beyond this, differences in phenotypes in other organs observed between different JBTS-mutant models suggest tissue-specific roles for proteins implicated in JBTS. Unfortunately, the lack of systematic assessment of ciliopathy phenotypes in the mutants described in the literature currently limits the conclusions that can be drawn from these comparisons. In the future, the numerous existing JBTS zebrafish models represent a valuable resource that can be leveraged in order to gain further insights into ciliary function, pathomechanisms underlying ciliopathy phenotypes and to develop treatment strategies using small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D. S. Rusterholz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu,
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8
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Méndez-Maldonado K, Velasco I, Aybar MJ. The crucial role of model systems in understanding the complexity of cell signaling in human neurocristopathies. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1537. [PMID: 35023327 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful to study the molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development. Cell-based study models have emerged as an alternative approach to study many aspects of human embryonic development and disease. The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent, and migratory embryonic cell population that generates a diverse group of cell types that arises during vertebrate development. The abnormal formation or development of the NC results in neurocristopathies (NCPs), which are characterized by a broad spectrum of functional and morphological alterations. The impaired molecular mechanisms that give rise to these multiphenotypic diseases are not entirely clear yet. This fact, added to the high incidence of these disorders in the newborn population, has led to the development of systematic approaches for their understanding. In this article, we have systematically reviewed the ways in which experimentation with different animal and cell model systems has improved our knowledge of NCPs, and how these advances might contribute to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the treatment of these pathologies. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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9
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Marí-Beffa M, Mesa-Román AB, Duran I. Zebrafish Models for Human Skeletal Disorders. Front Genet 2021; 12:675331. [PMID: 34490030 PMCID: PMC8418114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society provided an updated version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This is a reference list of recognized diseases in humans and their causal genes published to help clinician diagnosis and scientific research advances. Complementary to mammalian models, zebrafish has emerged as an interesting species to evaluate chemical treatments against these human skeletal disorders. Due to its versatility and the low cost of experiments, more than 80 models are currently available. In this article, we review the state-of-art of this “aquarium to bedside” approach describing the models according to the list provided by the Nosology Committee. With this, we intend to stimulate research in the appropriate direction to efficiently meet the actual needs of clinicians under the scope of the Nosology Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Mesa-Román
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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10
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OFD Type I syndrome: lessons learned from a rare ciliopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1929-1939. [PMID: 32897366 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The OFD1 gene was initially identified as the gene responsible for the X-linked dominant male lethal OFD type I syndrome, a developmental disorder ascribed to cilia disfunction. The transcript has been subsequently associated to four different X-linked recessive conditions, namely Joubert syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa, primary ciliary dyskinesia and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel type 2 syndrome. The centrosomal/basal body OFD1 protein has indeed been shown to be required for primary cilia formation and left-right asymmetry. The protein is also involved in other tasks, e.g. regulation of cellular protein content, constrain of the centriolar length, chromatin remodeling at DNA double strand breaks, control of protein quality balance and cell cycle progression, which might be mediated by non-ciliary activities. OFD1 represents a paradigmatic model of a protein that performs its diverse actions according to the cell needs and depending on the subcellular localization, the cell type/tissue and other possible factors still to be determined. An increased number of multitask protein, such as OFD1, may represent a partial explanation to human complexity, as compared with less complex organisms with an equal or slightly lower number of proteins.
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11
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Nita A, Abraham SP, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Oncogenic FGFR Fusions Produce Centrosome and Cilia Defects by Ectopic Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1445. [PMID: 34207779 PMCID: PMC8227969 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single primary cilium projects from most vertebrate cells to guide cell fate decisions. A growing list of signaling molecules is found to function through cilia and control ciliogenesis, including the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Aberrant FGFR activity produces abnormal cilia with deregulated signaling, which contributes to pathogenesis of the FGFR-mediated genetic disorders. FGFR lesions are also found in cancer, raising a possibility of cilia involvement in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Here, we focus on FGFR gene fusions, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they function as oncogenic drivers. We show that a substantial portion of the FGFR fusion partners are proteins associated with the centrosome cycle, including organization of the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. The functions of centrosome proteins are often lost with the gene fusion, leading to haploinsufficiency that induces cilia loss and deregulated cell division. We speculate that this complements the ectopic FGFR activity and drives the FGFR fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Sara P. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Senatore E, Chiuso F, Rinaldi L, Intartaglia D, Delle Donne R, Pedone E, Catalanotti B, Pirone L, Fiorillo B, Moraca F, Giamundo G, Scala G, Raffeiner A, Torres-Quesada O, Stefan E, Kwiatkowski M, van Pijkeren A, Morleo M, Franco B, Garbi C, Conte I, Feliciello A. The TBC1D31/praja2 complex controls primary ciliogenesis through PKA-directed OFD1 ubiquitylation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106503. [PMID: 33934390 PMCID: PMC8126939 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule‐based sensory organelle that dynamically links signalling pathways to cell differentiation, growth, and development. Genetic defects of primary cilia are responsible for genetic disorders known as ciliopathies. Orofacial digital type I syndrome (OFDI) is an X‐linked congenital ciliopathy caused by mutations in the OFD1 gene and characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, digits and, in the majority of cases, polycystic kidney disease. OFD1 plays a key role in cilium biogenesis. However, the impact of signalling pathways and the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) in the control of OFD1 stability remain unknown. Here, we identify a novel complex assembled at centrosomes by TBC1D31, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2, protein kinase A (PKA), and OFD1. We show that TBC1D31 is essential for ciliogenesis. Mechanistically, upon G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐cAMP stimulation, PKA phosphorylates OFD1 at ser735, thus promoting OFD1 proteolysis through the praja2‐UPS circuitry. This pathway is essential for ciliogenesis. In addition, a non‐phosphorylatable OFD1 mutant dramatically affects cilium morphology and dynamics. Consistent with a role of the TBC1D31/praja2/OFD1 axis in ciliogenesis, alteration of this molecular network impairs ciliogenesis in vivo in Medaka fish, resulting in developmental defects. Our findings reveal a multifunctional transduction unit at the centrosome that links GPCR signalling to ubiquitylation and proteolysis of the ciliopathy protein OFD1, with important implications on cilium biology and development. Derangement of this control mechanism may underpin human genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Net4Science srl, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Raffeiner
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Madhangi M, Dutta D, Show S, Bhat VK, Rather MI, Tiwari A, Singh N, Duvvari MR, Murthy GJ, Kumar A, Nongthomba U. Exome sequencing and functional studies in zebrafish identify WDR8 as the causative gene for isolated Microspherophakia in Indian families. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:467-484. [PMID: 33693649 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated Microspherophakia (MSP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a smaller than normal spherical lens. Till date, LTBP2 is the only gene shown to cause MSP. We used homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing and identified a homozygous mutation, c.1148C > T (p.Pro383Leu), in the WDR8 (or WRAP73) gene in two Indian MSP families. In vitro experiments showed that the missense mutation renders the protein unstable. WDR8 is a centriolar protein that has important roles in centrosomal assembly, spindle pole formation and ciliogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments from HeLa cells indicated that the mutation interferes with the interaction of WDR8 with its binding partners. In zebrafish, both morpholino-mediated knockdown and CRISPR/Cas knockout of wdr8 resulted in decreased eye and lens size. The lack of wdr8 affected cell cycle progression in the retinal cells, causing a reduction in cell numbers in the retina and lens. The reduction in eye size and the cell cycle defects were rescued by exogenous expression of the human wild-type WDR8. However, the human mutant WDR8 (p.Pro383Leu) was unable to rescue the eye defects, indicating that the missense mutation abrogates WDR8 protein function. Thus, our zebrafish results suggested that WDR8 is the causative gene for MSP in these Indian families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madhangi
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Debanjan Dutta
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sautan Show
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vishwanath K Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohammad I Rather
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ankana Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Maheswara R Duvvari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gowri J Murthy
- Prabha Eye Clinic and Research Centre, Bangalore 560070, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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14
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Truong BT, Artinger KB. The power of zebrafish models for understanding the co-occurrence of craniofacial and limb disorders. Genesis 2021; 59:e23407. [PMID: 33393730 PMCID: PMC8153179 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial and limb defects are two of the most common congenital anomalies in the general population. Interestingly, these defects are not mutually exclusive. Many patients with craniofacial phenotypes, such as orofacial clefting and craniosynostosis, also present with limb defects, including polydactyly, syndactyly, brachydactyly, or ectrodactyly. The gene regulatory networks governing craniofacial and limb development initially seem distinct from one another, and yet these birth defects frequently occur together. Both developmental processes are highly conserved among vertebrates, and zebrafish have emerged as an advantageous model due to their high fecundity, relative ease of genetic manipulation, and transparency during development. Here we summarize studies that have used zebrafish models to study human syndromes that present with both craniofacial and limb phenotypes. We discuss the highly conserved processes of craniofacial and limb/fin development and describe recent zebrafish studies that have explored the function of genes associated with human syndromes with phenotypes in both structures. We attempt to identify commonalities between the two to help explain why craniofacial and limb anomalies often occur together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany T. Truong
- Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristin Bruk Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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15
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Jiang H, Liang S, He K, Hu J, Xu E, Lin T, Meng Y, Zhao J, Ma J, Gao R, Wang C, Yang F, Zhou X. Exome sequencing analysis identifies frequent oligogenic involvement and FLNB variants in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Med Genet 2020; 57:405-413. [PMID: 32381728 PMCID: PMC7279190 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterised by three-dimensional deformity of the spine in the absence of a congenital spinal anomaly or neurological musculoskeletal disorder. The clinical variability and incomplete penetrance of some genes linked with AIS indicate that this disease constitutes an oligogenic trait. Objective We aimed to explore the oligogenic nature of this disease and identify novel AIS genes. Methods We analysed rare damaging variants within AIS-associated genes by using exome sequencing in 40 AIS trios and 183 sporadic patients. Results Multiple variants within AIS-associated genes were identified in eight AIS trios, and five individuals harboured rare damaging variants in the FLNB gene. The patients showed more frequent oligogenicity than the controls. In the gene-based burden test, the top signal resided in FLNB. In functional studies, we found that the AIS-associated FLNB variants altered the protein’s conformation and subcellular localisation and its interaction with other proteins (TTC26 and OFD1) involved in AIS. The most compelling evidence of an oligogenic basis was that the number of rare damaging variants was recognised as an independent prognostic factor for curve progression in Cox regression analysis. Conclusion Our data indicate that AIS is an oligogenic disease and identify FLNB as a susceptibility gene for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enjie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianquan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shangahi, China.,Department of Cell Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ibarra BA, Atit R. What Do Animal Models Teach Us About Congenital Craniofacial Defects? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:137-155. [PMID: 32304072 PMCID: PMC7394376 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the head and face is a complex process which involves many different signaling cues regulating the migration, differentiation, and proliferation of the neural crest. This highly complex process is very error-prone, resulting in craniofacial defects in nearly 10,000 births in the United States annually. Due to the highly conserved mechanisms of craniofacial development, animal models are widely used to understand the pathogenesis of various human diseases and assist in the diagnosis and generation of preventative therapies and treatments. Here, we provide a brief background of craniofacial development and discuss several rare diseases affecting craniofacial bone development. We focus on rare congenital diseases of the cranial bone, facial jaw bones, and two classes of diseases, ciliopathies and RASopathies. Studying the animal models of these rare diseases sheds light not only on the etiology and pathology of each disease, but also provides meaningful insights towards the mechanisms which regulate normal development of the head and face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Ibarra
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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17
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Rare Human Diseases: Model Organisms in Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121614. [PMID: 31835861 PMCID: PMC6952885 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia, affecting one per 15,000-30,000 individuals; however, the frequency of this disorder is likely underestimated. Even though more than 40 genes are currently associated with PCD, in the case of approximately 30% of patients, the genetic cause of the manifested PCD symptoms remains unknown. Because motile cilia are highly evolutionarily conserved organelles at both the proteomic and ultrastructural levels, analyses in the unicellular and multicellular model organisms can help not only to identify new proteins essential for cilia motility (and thus identify new putative PCD-causative genes), but also to elucidate the function of the proteins encoded by known PCD-causative genes. Consequently, studies involving model organisms can help us to understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind the phenotypic changes observed in the motile cilia of PCD affected patients. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in the genetics and biology of PCD and emphasize the impact of the studies conducted using model organisms on existing knowledge.
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18
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Hannah WB, DeBrosse S, Kinghorn B, Strausbaugh S, Aitken ML, Rosenfeld M, Wolf WE, Knowles MR, Zariwala MA. The expanding phenotype of OFD1-related disorders: Hemizygous loss-of-function variants in three patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e911. [PMID: 31373179 PMCID: PMC6732318 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OFD1 has long been recognized as the gene implicated in the classic dysmorphology syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFDSI). Over time, pathogenic variants in OFD1 were found to be associated with X-linked intellectual disability, Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10), Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2 (SGBS2), and retinitis pigmentosa. Recently, OFD1 pathogenic variants have been implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder of the motile cilia with a phenotype that includes recurrent oto-sino-pulmonary infections, situs abnormalities, and decreased fertility. METHODS We describe three male patients with PCD who were found to have hemizygous pathogenic variants in OFD1, further supporting that PCD is part of a clinical spectrum of OFD1-related disorders. In addition, we provide a review of the available clinical literature describing patients with OFD1 variants and highlight the phenotypic variability of OFD1-related disease. RESULTS Some individuals with hemizygous OFD1 variants have PCD, either apparently isolated or in combination with other features of OFD1-related disorders. CONCLUSION As clinicians consider the presence or absence of conditions allelic at OFD1, PCD should be considered part of the spectrum of OFD1-related disorders. Understanding the OFD1-related disease spectrum may allow for more focused genetic testing and more timely management of treatable sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Hannah
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
| | - Suzanne DeBrosse
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
| | - BreAnna Kinghorn
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Steven Strausbaugh
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
| | - Moira L. Aitken
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Whitney E. Wolf
- Department of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marsico Lung InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
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19
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Bukowy-Bieryllo Z, Rabiasz A, Dabrowski M, Pogorzelski A, Wojda A, Dmenska H, Grzela K, Sroczynski J, Witt M, Zietkiewicz E. Truncating mutations in exons 20 and 21 of OFD1 can cause primary ciliary dyskinesia without associated syndromic symptoms. J Med Genet 2019; 56:769-777. [PMID: 31366608 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a motile ciliopathy, whose symptoms include airway infections, male infertility and situs inversus. Apart from the typical forms of PCD, rare syndromic PCD forms exist. Mutations of the X-linked OFD1 gene cause several syndromic ciliopathies, including oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1, Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10), and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2, the latter causing the X-linked syndromic form of PCD. Neurological and skeletal symptoms are characteristic for these syndromes, with their severity depending on the location of the mutation within the gene. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the role of motile cilia defects in the respiratory phenotype of PCD patients with C-terminal OFD1 mutations. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing in a group of 120 Polish PCD patients, mutation screening of the OFD1 coding sequence, analysis of motile cilia, and magnetic resonance brain imaging. RESULTS Four novel hemizygous OFD1 mutations, in exons 20 and 21, were found in men with a typical PCD presentation but without severe neurological, skeletal or renal symptoms characteristic for other OFD1-related syndromes. Magnetic resonance brain imaging in two patients did not show a molar tooth sign typical for JBTS10. Cilia in the respiratory epithelium were sparse, unusually long and displayed a defective motility pattern. CONCLUSION Consistent with the literature, truncations of the C-terminal part of OFD1 (exons 16-22) almost invariably cause a respiratory phenotype (due to motile cilia defects) while their impact on the primary cilia function is limited. We suggest that exons 20-21 should be included in the panel for regular mutation screening in PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Rabiasz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Dabrowski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pogorzelski
- Rabka Branch, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka-Zdroj, Poland
| | - Alina Wojda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dmenska
- Department of Lung Physiology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzela
- Departments of Pulmonology and Allergy, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sroczynski
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland
| | - Michal Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zietkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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20
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Bernal MA, Dixon GB, Matz MV, Rocha LA. Comparative transcriptomics of sympatric species of coral reef fishes (genus: Haemulon). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6541. [PMID: 30842908 PMCID: PMC6398375 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coral reefs are major hotspots of diversity for marine fishes, yet there is still ongoing debate on the mechanisms that promote divergence in these rich ecosystems. Our understanding of how diversity originates in this environment could be enhanced by investigating the evolutionary dynamics of closely related fishes with overlapping ranges. Here, we focus on grunts of the genus Haemulon, a group of coral reef fishes with 15 species in the Western Atlantic, 11 of which are syntopic. Methods Wild fish samples from three sympatric species of the Caribbean: Haemulon flavolineatum, H. carbonarium and H. macrostomum, were collected while SCUBA diving. RNA was extracted from livers, and the transcriptomes were assembled and annotated to investigate positive selection (Pairwise d N/d S) and patterns of gene expression between the three species. Results Pairwise d N/d S analyses showed evidence of positive selection for genes associated with immune response, cranial morphology and formation of the anterior-posterior axis. Analyses of gene expression revealed that despite their sympatric distribution, H. macrostomum showed upregulation of oxidation-reduction machinery, while there was evidence for activation of immune response in H. carbonarium. Discussion Overall, our analyses suggest closely related grunts show important differences in genes associated with body shape and feeding morphology, a result in-line with previous morphological studies in the group. Further, despite their overlapping distribution they interact with their environment in distinct fashions. This is the largest compendium of genomic information for grunts thus far, representing a valuable resource for future studies in this unique group of coral reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Groves B Dixon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail V Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Luiz A Rocha
- Institute for Biodiversity, Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Ahsan K, Singh N, Rocha M, Huang C, Prince VE. Prickle1 is required for EMT and migration of zebrafish cranial neural crest. Dev Biol 2019; 448:16-35. [PMID: 30721665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest-a key innovation of the vertebrates-gives rise to diverse cell types including melanocytes, neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, and chondrocytes of the jaw and skull. Proper development of the cephalic region is dependent on the tightly-regulated specification and migration of cranial neural crest cells (NCCs). The core PCP proteins Frizzled and Disheveled have previously been implicated in NCC migration. Here we investigate the functions of the core PCP proteins Prickle1a and Prickle1b in zebrafish cranial NCC development. Using analysis of pk1a and pk1b mutant embryos, we uncover similar roles for both genes in facilitating cranial NCC migration. Disruption of either gene causes pre-migratory NCCs to cluster together at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, where they adopt aberrant polarity and movement. Critically, in investigating Pk1-deficient cells that fail to migrate ventrolaterally, we have also uncovered roles for pk1a and pk1b in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pre-migratory NCCs that precedes their collective migration to the periphery. Normally, during EMT, pre-migratory NCCs transition from a neuroepithelial to a bleb-based and subsequently, mesenchymal morphology capable of directed migration. When either Pk1a or Pk1b is disrupted, NCCs continue to perform blebbing behaviors characteristic of pre-migratory cells over extended time periods, indicating a block in a key transition during EMT. Although some Pk1-deficient NCCs transition successfully to mesenchymal, migratory morphologies, they fail to separate from neighboring NCCs. Additionally, Pk1b-deficient NCCs show elevated levels of E-Cadherin and reduced levels of N-Cadherin, suggesting that Prickle1 molecules regulate Cadherin levels to ensure the completion of EMT and the commencement of cranial NCC migration. We conclude that Pk1 plays crucial roles in cranial NCCs both during EMT and migration. These roles are dependent on the regulation of E-Cad and N-Cad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ahsan
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Noor Singh
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, USA; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, USA.
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22
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Han KJ, Wu Z, Pearson CG, Peng J, Song K, Liu CW. Deubiquitylase USP9X maintains centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing pericentriolar material 1 protein. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.221663. [PMID: 30584065 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are small cytoplasmic granules that play important roles in regulating the formation of centrosomes and primary cilia. Ubiquitylation of satellite proteins, including the core satellite scaffold protein pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), regulates centriolar satellite integrity. Currently, deubiquitylases that control centriolar satellite integrity have not been identified. In this study, we find that the deubiquitylase USP9X binds PCM1, and antagonizes PCM1 ubiquitylation to protect it from proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of USP9X in human cell lines reduces PCM1 protein levels, disrupts centriolar satellite particles and causes localization of satellite proteins, such as CEP290, to centrosomes. Interestingly, knockdown of mindbomb 1 (MIB1), a ubiquitin ligase that promotes PCM1 ubiquitylation and degradation, in USP9X-depleted cells largely restores PCM1 protein levels and corrects defects caused by the loss of USP9X. Overall, our study reveals that USP9X is a constituent of centriolar satellites and functions to maintain centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing PCM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chang-Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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23
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Elmonem MA, Berlingerio SP, van den Heuvel LP, de Witte PA, Lowe M, Levtchenko EN. Genetic Renal Diseases: The Emerging Role of Zebrafish Models. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090130. [PMID: 30200518 PMCID: PMC6162634 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and functional similarity of the larval zebrafish pronephros to the human nephron, together with the recent development of easier and more precise techniques to manipulate the zebrafish genome have motivated many researchers to model human renal diseases in the zebrafish. Over the last few years, great advances have been made, not only in the modeling techniques of genetic diseases in the zebrafish, but also in how to validate and exploit these models, crossing the bridge towards more informative explanations of disease pathophysiology and better designed therapeutic interventions in a cost-effective in vivo system. Here, we review the significant progress in these areas giving special attention to the renal phenotype evaluation techniques. We further discuss the future applications of such models, particularly their role in revealing new genetic diseases of the kidney and their potential use in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elmonem
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11628 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sante Princiero Berlingerio
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter A de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Bio-Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Elena N Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
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25
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Zebrafish Models of Rare Hereditary Pediatric Diseases. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020043. [PMID: 29789451 PMCID: PMC6023479 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing technologies have made it significantly easier to find the genetic roots of rare hereditary pediatric diseases. These novel methods are not panaceas, however, and they often give ambiguous results, highlighting multiple possible causative mutations in affected patients. Furthermore, even when the mapping results are unambiguous, the affected gene might be of unknown function. In these cases, understanding how a particular genotype can result in a phenotype also needs carefully designed experimental work. Model organism genetics can offer a straightforward experimental setup for hypothesis testing. Containing orthologs for over 80% of the genes involved in human diseases, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as one of the top disease models over the past decade. A plethora of genetic tools makes it easy to create mutations in almost any gene of the zebrafish genome and these mutant strains can be used in high-throughput preclinical screens for active molecules. As this small vertebrate species offers several other advantages as well, its popularity in biomedical research is bound to increase, with “aquarium to bedside” drug development pipelines taking a more prevalent role in the near future.
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26
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Porpora M, Sauchella S, Rinaldi L, Delle Donne R, Sepe M, Torres-Quesada O, Intartaglia D, Garbi C, Insabato L, Santoriello M, Bachmann VA, Synofzik M, Lindner HH, Conte I, Stefan E, Feliciello A. Counterregulation of cAMP-directed kinase activities controls ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1224. [PMID: 29581457 PMCID: PMC5964327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium emanates from the cell surface of growth-arrested cells and plays a central role in vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis. The mechanisms that control ciliogenesis have been extensively explored. However, the intersection between GPCR signaling and the ubiquitin pathway in the control of cilium stability are unknown. Here we observe that cAMP elevation promotes cilia resorption. At centriolar satellites, we identify a multimeric complex nucleated by PCM1 that includes two kinases, NEK10 and PKA, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. We show that NEK10 is essential for ciliogenesis in mammals and for the development of medaka fish. PKA phosphorylation primes NEK10 for CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and proteolysis resulting in cilia resorption. Disarrangement of this control mechanism occurs in proliferative and genetic disorders. These findings unveil a pericentriolar kinase signalosome that efficiently links the cAMP cascade with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, thereby controlling essential aspects of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Porpora
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Sauchella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Intartaglia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), 80078, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Margherita Santoriello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Verena A Bachmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), 80078, Italy
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy.
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27
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Bouman A, Alders M, Oostra RJ, van Leeuwen E, Thuijs N, van der Kevie-Kersemaekers AM, van Maarle M. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 in males: Congenital heart defects are included in its phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1383-1389. [PMID: 28371265 PMCID: PMC5413846 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1; OMIM# 311200) is an X‐linked dominant ciliopathy caused by mutations in the OFD1 gene. This condition is characterized by facial anomalies and abnormalities of oral tissues, digits, brain, and kidneys. Almost all affected patients are female, as OFD1 is presumed to be lethal in males, mostly in the first or second trimester of pregnancy. Live born males with OFD1 are a rare occurrence, with only five reported patients to date. In four patients the presence of a congenital heart defect (CHD) was observed. Here, we report an affected male fetus with a hemizygous de novo mutation in OFD1 (c.2101C>T; p.(Gln701*)). Ultrasound examination demonstrated severe hydrocephalus, a hypoplastic cerebellum and a hypoplastic left ventricle of the heart. The pregnancy was terminated at 16 weeks of gestation because of poor prognosis. Post‐mortem examination of the fetus confirmed severe hypoplasia of the left ventricle of the heart. We emphasize that CHDs should be included in the phenotypic spectrum of OFD1 in males. This justifies molecular analysis of OFD1 when CHD is encountered prenatally in combination with one or more phenotypic features previously described in the OFD1 gene alteration spectrum. The underlying pathogenesis of CHD in OFD1 (and other ciliopathies) probably involves dysfunction of the primary cilia regarding coordination of left‐right signalling during early heart development. Whether these CHDs wholly or partly result from defective left right signalling, in which different types of cilia are known to play a critical role, remains a topic of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Jan Oostra
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth van Leeuwen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki Thuijs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Merel van Maarle
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Bengueddach H, Lemullois M, Aubusson-Fleury A, Koll F. Basal body positioning and anchoring in the multiciliated cell Paramecium tetraurelia: roles of OFD1 and VFL3. Cilia 2017; 6:6. [PMID: 28367320 PMCID: PMC5374602 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-017-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of a ciliary axoneme requires the correct docking of the basal body at cytoplasmic vesicles or plasma membrane. In the multiciliated cell Paramecium, three conserved proteins, FOR20, Centrin 2, and Centrin 3 participate in this process, FOR20 and Centrin 2 being involved in the assembly of the transition zone. We investigated the function of two other evolutionary conserved proteins, OFD1 and VFL3, likely involved in this process. Results In Paramecium tetraurelia, a single gene encodes OFD1, while four genes encode four isoforms of VFL3, grouped into two families, VFL3-A and VFL3-B. Depletion of OFD1 and the sole VFL3-A family impairs basal body docking. Loss of OFD1 yields a defective assembly of the basal body distal part. Like FOR20, OFD1 is recruited early during basal body assembly and localizes at the transition zone between axoneme and membrane at the level of the microtubule doublets. While the recruitment of OFD1 and Centrin 2 proceed independently, the localizations of OFD1 and FOR20 at the basal body are interdependent. In contrast, in VFL3-A depleted cells, the unanchored basal bodies harbor a fully organized distal part but display an abnormal distribution of their associated rootlets which mark their rotational asymmetry. VFL3-A, which is required for the recruitment of Centrin 3, is transiently present near the basal bodies at an early step of their duplication. VFL3-A localizes at the junction between the striated rootlet and the basal body. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the conserved role of OFD1 in the anchoring mechanisms of motile cilia and establish its relations with FOR20 and Centrin 2. They support the hypothesis of its association with microtubule doublets. They suggest that the primary defect of VFL3 depletion is a loss of the rotational asymmetry of the basal body which specifies the sites of assembly of the appendages which guide the movement of basal bodies toward the cell surface. The localization of VFL3 outside of the basal body suggests that extrinsic factors could control this asymmetry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13630-017-0050-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Bengueddach
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Lemullois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Anne Aubusson-Fleury
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - France Koll
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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29
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Broadgate S, Yu J, Downes SM, Halford S. Unravelling the genetics of inherited retinal dystrophies: Past, present and future. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 59:53-96. [PMID: 28363849 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the genes underlying monogenic diseases has been of interest to clinicians and scientists for many years. Using inherited retinal dystrophies as an example of monogenic disease we describe the history of molecular genetic techniques that have been pivotal in the discovery of disease causing genes. The methods that were developed in the 1970's and 80's are still in use today but have been refined and improved. These techniques enabled the concept of the Human Genome Project to be envisaged and ultimately realised. When the successful conclusion of the project was announced in 2003 many new tools and, as importantly, many collaborations had been developed that facilitated a rapid identification of disease genes. In the post-human genome project era advances in computing power and the clever use of the properties of DNA replication has allowed the development of next-generation sequencing technologies. These methods have revolutionised the identification of disease genes because for the first time there is no need to define the position of the gene in the genome. The use of next generation sequencing in a diagnostic setting has allowed many more patients with an inherited retinal dystrophy to obtain a molecular diagnosis for their disease. The identification of novel genes that have a role in the development or maintenance of retinal function is opening up avenues of research which will lead to the development of new pharmacological and gene therapy approaches. Neither of which can be used unless the defective gene and protein is known. The continued development of sequencing technologies also holds great promise for the advent of truly personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Levels 5 and 6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jing Yu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Levels 5 and 6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Susan M Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Levels 5 and 6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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30
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Kane MS, Davids M, Bond MR, Adams CJ, Grout ME, Phelps IG, O'Day DR, Dempsey JC, Li X, Golas G, Vezina G, Gunay-Aygun M, Hanover JA, Doherty D, He M, Malicdan MCV, Gahl WA, Boerkoel CF. Abnormal glycosylation in Joubert syndrome type 10. Cilia 2017; 6:2. [PMID: 28344780 PMCID: PMC5364566 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-017-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of disease pathogenesis requires systematic agnostic screening of multiple homeostatic processes that may become deregulated. We illustrate this principle in the evaluation and diagnosis of a 5-year-old boy with Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10). He carried the OFD1 mutation p.Gln886Lysfs*2 (NM_003611.2: c.2656del) and manifested features of Joubert syndrome. METHODS We integrated exome sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analyses of plasma and cultured dermal fibroblasts glycomes, and full clinical evaluation of the proband. Analyses of cilia formation and lectin staining were performed by immunofluorescence. Measurement of cellular nucleotide sugar levels was performed with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Statistical analyses utilized the Student's and Fisher's exact t tests. RESULTS Glycome analyses of plasma and cultured dermal fibroblasts identified abnormal N- and O-linked glycosylation profiles. These findings replicated in two unrelated males with OFD1 mutations. Cultured fibroblasts from affected individuals had a defect in ciliogenesis. The proband's fibroblasts also had an abnormally elevated nuclear sialylation signature and increased total cellular levels of CMP-sialic acid. Ciliogenesis and each glycosylation anomaly were rescued by expression of wild-type OFD1. CONCLUSIONS The rescue of ciliogenesis and glycosylation upon reintroduction of WT OFD1 suggests that both contribute to the pathogenesis of JBTS10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Kane
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA.,Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA USA
| | - Mariska Davids
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michelle R Bond
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christopher J Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Megan E Grout
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Xeuli Li
- The Michael J Palmieri Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Gretchen Golas
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John A Hanover
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Miao He
- The Michael J Palmieri Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- NIH Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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31
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Vilboux T, Malicdan MCV, Roney JC, Cullinane AR, Stephen J, Yildirimli D, Bryant J, Fischer R, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Steinbach PJ, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. CELSR2, encoding a planar cell polarity protein, is a putative gene in Joubert syndrome with cortical heterotopia, microophthalmia, and growth hormone deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:661-666. [PMID: 28052552 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome is a ciliopathy characterized by a specific constellation of central nervous system malformations that result in the pathognomonic "molar tooth sign" on imaging. More than 27 genes are associated with Joubert syndrome, but some patients do not have mutations in any of these genes. Celsr1, Celsr2, and Celsr3 are the mammalian orthologues of the drosophila planar cell polarity protein, flamingo; they play important roles in neural development, including axon guidance, neuronal migration, and cilium polarity. Here, we report bi-allelic mutations in CELSR2 in a Joubert patient with cortical heterotopia, microophthalmia, and growth hormone deficiency. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Vilboux
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph C Roney
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew R Cullinane
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deniz Yildirimli
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Bryant
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meghana Vemulapalli
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter J Steinbach
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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de Saram P, Iqbal A, Murdoch JN, Wilkinson CJ. BCAP is a centriolar satellite protein and inhibitor of ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3360-3373. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome and cilium are organelles with important roles in microtubule organisation, cell division, cell signalling, embryogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. The two organelles are mutually exclusive. The centriole/basal body is found at the core of the centrosome (centriole) or at the base of the cilium (basal body) and changing which organelle is present in a cell requires modification to the centriole/basal body both in terms of composition and sub-cellular localisation. While many protein components required for centrosome and cilium biogenesis have been described, there are far fewer known inhibitors of ciliogenesis. Here we show that a protein called BCAP and labelled in the sequence databases as ODF2-like (ODF2L) is a ciliation inhibitor. We show that it is a centriolar satellite protein. Furthermore, our data suggest BCAP exists as two isoforms with subtly different roles in inhibition of ciliogenesis. Both are required to prevent ciliogenesis and one additionally controls cilium length after ciliogenesis has completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Saram
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Anila Iqbal
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer N. Murdoch
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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Edel T, Zárate-Sanabria AG, Briceño-Balcázar I, Martínez-Lozano JC. Paciente con síndrome oro-facio-digital tipo II. Reporte del caso. IATREIA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n1a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abramowicz I, Carpenter G, Alfieri M, Colnaghi R, Outwin E, Parent P, Thauvin-Robinet C, Iaconis D, Franco B, O'Driscoll M. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I cells exhibit impaired DNA repair; unanticipated consequences of defective OFD1 outside of the cilia network. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:19-32. [PMID: 27798113 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in OFD1 underlie the clinically complex ciliopathy, Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome Type I (OFD Type I). Our understanding of the molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of impaired OFD1 originates from its characterised roles at the centrosome/basal body/cilia network. Nonetheless, the first described OFD1 interactors were components of the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex. We find that OFD1 can also localise to chromatin and its reduced expression is associated with mis-localization of TIP60 in patient-derived cell lines. TIP60 plays important roles in controlling DNA repair. OFD Type I cells exhibit reduced histone acetylation and altered chromatin dynamics in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, reduced OFD1 impaired DSB repair via homologous recombination repair (HRR). OFD1 loss also adversely impacted upon the DSB-induced G2-M checkpoint, inducing a hypersensitive and prolonged arrest. Our findings show that OFD Type I patient cells have pronounced defects in the DSB-induced histone modification, chromatin remodelling and DSB-repair via HRR; effectively phenocopying loss of TIP60. These data extend our knowledge of the molecular and cellular consequences of impaired OFD1, demonstrating that loss of OFD1 can negatively impact upon important nuclear events; chromatin plasticity and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Abramowicz
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Gillian Carpenter
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Rita Colnaghi
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Emily Outwin
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Philippe Parent
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, France
| | | | | | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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Sedykh I, TeSlaa JJ, Tatarsky RL, Keller AN, Toops KA, Lakkaraju A, Nyholm MK, Wolman MA, Grinblat Y. Novel roles for the radial spoke head protein 9 in neural and neurosensory cilia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34437. [PMID: 27687975 PMCID: PMC5043386 DOI: 10.1038/srep34437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are cell surface organelles with key roles in a range of cellular processes, including generation of fluid flow by motile cilia. The axonemes of motile cilia and immotile kinocilia contain 9 peripheral microtubule doublets, a central microtubule pair, and 9 connecting radial spokes. Aberrant radial spoke components RSPH1, 3, 4a and 9 have been linked with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by ciliary dysmotility; yet, radial spoke functions remain unclear. Here we show that zebrafish Rsph9 is expressed in cells bearing motile cilia and kinocilia, and localizes to both 9 + 2 and 9 + 0 ciliary axonemes. Using CRISPR mutagenesis, we show that rsph9 is required for motility of presumptive 9 + 2 olfactory cilia and, unexpectedly, 9 + 0 neural cilia. rsph9 is also required for the structural integrity of 9 + 2 and 9 + 0 ciliary axonemes. rsph9 mutant larvae exhibit reduced initiation of the acoustic startle response consistent with hearing impairment, suggesting a novel role for Rsph9 in the kinocilia of the inner ear and/or lateral line neuromasts. These data identify novel roles for Rsph9 in 9 + 0 motile cilia and in sensory kinocilia, and establish a useful zebrafish PCD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sedykh
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jessica J TeSlaa
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Rose L Tatarsky
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Abigail N Keller
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly A Toops
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Molly K Nyholm
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yevgenya Grinblat
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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36
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Monroe GR, Kappen IF, Stokman MF, Terhal PA, van den Boogaard MJH, Savelberg SM, van der Veken LT, van Es RJ, Lens SM, Hengeveld RC, Creton MA, Janssen NG, Mink van der Molen AB, Ebbeling MB, Giles RH, Knoers NV, van Haaften G. Compound heterozygous NEK1 variants in two siblings with oral-facial-digital syndrome type II (Mohr syndrome). Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1752-1760. [PMID: 27530628 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes comprise a group of related disorders with a combination of oral, facial and digital anomalies. Variants in several ciliary genes have been associated with subtypes of OFD syndrome, yet in most OFD patients the underlying cause remains unknown. We investigated the molecular basis of disease in two brothers with OFD type II, Mohr syndrome, by performing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis on the brothers and their healthy parents to identify homozygous regions and candidate genes. Subsequently, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the family. Using WES, we identified compound heterozygous variants c.[464G>C];[1226G>A] in NIMA (Never in Mitosis Gene A)-Related Kinase 1 (NEK1). The novel variant c.464G>C disturbs normal splicing in an essential region of the kinase domain. The nonsense variant c.1226G>A, p.(Trp409*), results in nonsense-associated alternative splicing, removing the first coiled-coil domain of NEK1. Candidate variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing and alternative splicing assessed with cDNA analysis. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cilia number and length. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed severely reduced ciliation compared with control fibroblasts (18.0 vs 48.9%, P<0.0001), but showed no significant difference in cilia length. In conclusion, we identified compound heterozygous deleterious variants in NEK1 in two brothers with Mohr syndrome. Ciliation in patient fibroblasts is drastically reduced, consistent with a ciliary defect pathogenesis. Our results establish NEK1 variants involved in the etiology of a subset of patients with OFD syndrome type II and support the consideration of including (routine) NEK1 analysis in patients suspected of OFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen R Monroe
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Fpm Kappen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien A Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne Mc Savelberg
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars T van der Veken
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jj van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M Lens
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger C Hengeveld
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A Creton
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nard G Janssen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle B Ebbeling
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Regenerative Medicine Center-Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V Knoers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Kenyon EJ, Luijten MNH, Gill H, Li N, Rawlings M, Bull JC, Hadzhiev Y, van Steensel MAM, Maher E, Mueller F. Expression and knockdown of zebrafish folliculin suggests requirement for embryonic brain morphogenesis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:23. [PMID: 27391801 PMCID: PMC4939010 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome characterised by the development of benign skin fibrofolliculomas, multiple lung and kidney cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax and susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma. BHD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding Folliculin (FLCN). Little is known about what FLCN does in a healthy individual and how best to treat those with BHD. As a first approach to developing a vertebrate model for BHD we aimed to identify the temporal and spatial expression of flcn transcripts in the developing zebrafish embryo. To gain insights into the function of flcn in a whole organism system we generated a loss of function model of flcn by the use of morpholino knockdown in zebrafish. Results flcn is expressed broadly and upregulated in the fin bud, somites, eye and proliferative regions of the brain of the Long-pec stage zebrafish embryos. Together with knockdown phenotypes, expression analysis suggest involvement of flcn in zebrafish embryonic brain development. We have utilised the zFucci system, an in vivo, whole organism cell cycle assay to study the potential role of flcn in brain development. We found that at the 18 somite stage there was a significant drop in cells in the S-M phase of the cell cycle in flcn morpholino injected embryos with a corresponding increase of cells in the G1 phase. This was particularly evident in the brain, retina and somites of the embryo. Timelapse analysis of the head region of flcn morpholino injected and mismatch control embryos shows the temporal dynamics of cell cycle misregulation during development. Conclusions In conclusion we show that zebrafish flcn is expressed in a non-uniform manner and is likely required for the maintenance of correct cell cycle regulation during embryonic development. We demonstrate the utilisation of the zFucci system in testing the role of flcn in cell proliferation and suggest a function for flcn in regulating cell proliferation in vertebrate embryonic brain development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0119-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Kenyon
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
| | - Monique N H Luijten
- Department of Dermatology and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harmeet Gill
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nan Li
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthew Rawlings
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James C Bull
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Yavor Hadzhiev
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK.,Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eamonn Maher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ferenc Mueller
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Kozol RA, Abrams AJ, James DM, Buglo E, Yan Q, Dallman JE. Function Over Form: Modeling Groups of Inherited Neurological Conditions in Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:55. [PMID: 27458342 PMCID: PMC4935692 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a unique cell to behavior model for studying the basic biology of human inherited neurological conditions. Conserved vertebrate genetics and optical transparency provide in vivo access to the developing nervous system as well as high-throughput approaches for drug screens. Here we review zebrafish modeling for two broad groups of inherited conditions that each share genetic and molecular pathways and overlap phenotypically: neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID) and Schizophrenia (SCZ), and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Cerebellar Ataxia (CATX), Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease (CMT). We also conduct a small meta-analysis of zebrafish orthologs of high confidence neurodevelopmental disorder and neurodegenerative disease genes by looking at duplication rates and relative protein sizes. In the past zebrafish genetic models of these neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have provided insight into cellular, circuit and behavioral level mechanisms contributing to these conditions. Moving forward, advances in genetic manipulation, live imaging of neuronal activity and automated high-throughput molecular screening promise to help delineate the mechanistic relationships between different types of neurological conditions and accelerate discovery of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kozol
- Department of Biology, University of MiamiCoral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Alexander J. Abrams
- Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
| | - David M. James
- Department of Biology, University of MiamiCoral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Elena Buglo
- Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Biology, University of MiamiCoral Gables, FL, USA
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Franco B, Thauvin-Robinet C. Update on oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS). Cilia 2016; 5:12. [PMID: 27141300 PMCID: PMC4852435 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-016-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) represent a heterogeneous group of rare developmental disorders affecting the mouth, the face and the digits. Additional signs may involve brain, kidneys and other organs thus better defining the different clinical subtypes. With the exception of OFD types I and VIII, which are X-linked, the majority of OFDS is transmitted as an autosomal recessive syndrome. A number of genes have already found to be mutated in OFDS and most of the encoded proteins are predicted or proven to be involved in primary cilia/basal body function. Preliminary data indicate a physical interaction among some of those proteins and future studies will clarify whether all OFDS proteins are part of a network functionally connected to cilia. Mutations in some of the genes can also lead to other types of ciliopathies with partially overlapping phenotypes, such as Joubert syndrome (JS) and Meckel syndrome (MKS), supporting the concept that cilia-related diseases might be a continuous spectrum of the same phenotype with different degrees of severity. To date, seven of the described OFDS still await a molecular definition and two unclassified forms need further clinical and molecular validation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are expected to shed light on how many OFDS geneticists should consider while evaluating oral-facial-digital cases. Functional studies will establish whether the non-ciliary functions of the transcripts mutated in OFDS might contribute to any of the phenotypic abnormalities observed in OFDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy ; Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA GAD, IFR Santé-STIC, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France ; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » de l'Est, Centre de Génétique et Pédiatrie 1, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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40
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Canonical and noncanonical intraflagellar transport regulates craniofacial skeletal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2589-97. [PMID: 27118846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519458113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cellular organelle that coordinates signaling pathways critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) plays a pivotal role in assembling primary cilia. Disruption and/or dysfunction of IFT components can cause multiple diseases, including skeletal dysplasia. However, the mechanism by which IFT regulates skeletogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that a neural crest-specific deletion of intraflagellar transport 20 (Ift20) in mice compromises ciliogenesis and intracellular transport of collagen, which leads to osteopenia in the facial region. Whereas platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) was present on the surface of primary cilia in wild-type osteoblasts, disruption of Ift20 down-regulated PDGFRα production, which caused suppression of PDGF-Akt signaling, resulting in decreased osteogenic proliferation and increased cell death. Although osteogenic differentiation in cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived cells occurred normally in Ift20-mutant cells, the process of mineralization was severely attenuated due to delayed secretion of type I collagen. In control osteoblasts, procollagen was easily transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. By contrast, despite having similar levels of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1) expression, Ift20 mutants did not secrete procollagen because of dysfunctional ER-to-Golgi trafficking. These data suggest that in the multipotent stem cells of CNCs, IFT20 is indispensable for regulating not only ciliogenesis but also collagen intracellular trafficking. Our study introduces a unique perspective on the canonical and noncanonical functions of IFT20 in craniofacial skeletal development.
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41
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Liu YP, Bosch DGM, Siemiatkowska AM, Rendtorff ND, Boonstra FN, Möller C, Tranebjærg L, Katsanis N, Cremers FPM. Putative digenic inheritance of heterozygous RP1L1 and C2orf71 null mutations in syndromic retinal dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:127-132. [PMID: 27029556 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2016.1151898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common cause of inherited retinal degeneration and can occur in non-syndromic and syndromic forms. Syndromic RP is accompanied by other symptoms such as intellectual disability, hearing loss, or congenital abnormalities. Both forms are known to exhibit complex genetic interactions that can modulate the penetrance and expressivity of the phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an individual with atypical RP, hearing loss, ataxia and cerebellar atrophy, whole exome sequencing was performed. The candidate pathogenic variants were tested by developing an in vivo zebrafish model and assaying for retinal and cerebellar integrity. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed a complex heterozygous protein-truncating mutation in RP1L1, p.[(Lys111Glnfs*27; Gln2373*)], and a heterozygous nonsense mutation in C2orf71, p.(Ser512*). Mutations in both genes have previously been implicated in autosomal recessive non-syndromic RP, raising the possibility of a digenic model in this family. Functional testing in a zebrafish model for two key phenotypes of the affected person showed that the combinatorial suppression of rp1l1 and c2orf71l induced discrete pathology in terms of reduction of eye size with concomitant loss of rhodopsin in the photoreceptors, and disorganization of the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the combination of heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in these genes drives syndromic retinal dystrophy, likely through the genetic interaction of at least two loci. Haploinsufficiency at each of these loci is insufficient to induce overt pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan P Liu
- a Center for Human Disease Modeling , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Daniëlle G M Bosch
- b Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , the Netherlands.,c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Siemiatkowska
- c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Nanna Dahl Rendtorff
- f Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , ICMM, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Audiology , Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - F Nienke Boonstra
- b Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Claes Möller
- h Audiological Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- f Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , ICMM, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Audiology , Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- a Center for Human Disease Modeling , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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42
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Song Z, Zhang X, Jia S, Yelick PC, Zhao C. Zebrafish as a Model for Human Ciliopathies. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:107-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Shinohara K, Chen D, Nishida T, Misaki K, Yonemura S, Hamada H. Absence of Radial Spokes in Mouse Node Cilia Is Required for Rotational Movement but Confers Ultrastructural Instability as a Trade-Off. Dev Cell 2016; 35:236-46. [PMID: 26506310 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Determination of left-right asymmetry in mouse embryos is established by a leftward fluid flow that is generated by clockwise rotation of node cilia. How node cilia achieve stable unidirectional rotation has remained unknown, however. Here we show that brief exposure to the microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel (Taxol) induces randomly directed rotation and changes the ultrastructure of node cilia. In vivo observations and a computer simulation revealed that a regular 9+0 arrangement of doublet microtubules is essential for stable unidirectional rotation of node cilia. The 9+2 motile cilia of the airway, which manifest planar beating, are resistant to Taxol treatment. However, the airway cilia of mice lacking the radial spoke head protein Rsph4a undergo rotational movement instead of planar beating, are prone to microtubule rearrangement, and are sensitive to Taxol. Our results suggest that the absence of radial spokes allows node cilia to rotate unidirectionally but, as a trade-off, renders them ultrastructurally fragile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Shinohara
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Duanduan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tomoki Nishida
- Research Center for Ultra-high Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Misaki
- Ultrastructural Research Team, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Ultrastructural Research Team, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Abstract
Cancer cells are distinguished from normal cells by increased proliferation and metabolism, loss of polarity control, and the potential to invade other tissues of the body. As hubs of signaling transduction, primary cilia have been linked to diverse developmental and degenerative disorders. Interestingly, loss of cilia has been observed in multiple malignant tumors, suggesting a potential suppressive role of cilia in cancer development. More recently, emerging studies began to unveil the bidirectional interaction of cilia and autophagy, a basic cellular clearance and recycling mechanism to regulate cell homeostasis. Here, we summarize the interplay between cilia and autophagy and discuss the roles of cilia in both autophagy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Cao
- Center for Autophagy Research; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Center for Autophagy Research; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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45
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Abstract
The formation of the face and skull involves a complex series of developmental events mediated by cells derived from the neural crest, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Although vertebrates boast an enormous diversity of adult facial morphologies, the fundamental signaling pathways and cellular events that sculpt the nascent craniofacial skeleton in the embryo have proven to be highly conserved from fish to man. The zebrafish Danio rerio, a small freshwater cyprinid fish from eastern India, has served as a popular model of craniofacial development since the 1990s. Unique strengths of the zebrafish model include a simplified skeleton during larval stages, access to rapidly developing embryos for live imaging, and amenability to transgenesis and complex genetics. In this chapter, we describe the anatomy of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton; its applications as models for the mammalian jaw, middle ear, palate, and cranial sutures; the superior imaging technology available in fish that has provided unprecedented insights into the dynamics of facial morphogenesis; the use of the zebrafish to decipher the genetic underpinnings of craniofacial biology; and finally a glimpse into the most promising future applications of zebrafish craniofacial research.
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46
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Dutta S, Sriskanda S, Boobalan E, Alur RP, Elkahloun A, Brooks BP. nlz1 is required for cilia formation in zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Biol 2015; 406:203-11. [PMID: 26327644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of cilia is a fundamental developmental process affecting diverse functions such as cellular signaling, tissue morphogenesis and body patterning. However, the mechanisms of ciliogenesis during vertebrate development are not fully understood. In this report we describe a novel role of the Nlz1 protein in ciliogenesis. We demonstrate morpholino-mediated knockdown of nlz1 in zebrafish causes abnormal specification of the cells of Kupffer's vesicle (KV); a severe reduction of the number of cilia in KV, the pronephros, and the neural floorplate; and a spectrum of later phenotypes reminiscent of human ciliopathies. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that Nlz1 acts downstream of Foxj1a and Wnt8a/presumed canonical Wnt signaling. Furthermore, Nlz1 contributes to motile cilia formation by positively regulating Wnt11/presumed non-canonical Wnt signaling. Together, our data suggest a novel role of nlz1 in ciliogenesis and the morphogenesis of multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Dutta
- Unit on Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shahila Sriskanda
- Unit on Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elangovan Boobalan
- Unit on Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramakrishna P Alur
- Unit on Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Unit on Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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47
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Schock EN, Chang CF, Struve JN, Chang YT, Chang J, Delany ME, Brugmann SA. Using the avian mutant talpid2 as a disease model for understanding the oral-facial phenotypes of oral-facial-digital syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:855-66. [PMID: 26044959 PMCID: PMC4527291 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFD) is a ciliopathy that is characterized by oral-facial abnormalities, including cleft lip and/or palate, broad nasal root, dental anomalies, micrognathia and glossal defects. In addition, these individuals have several other characteristic abnormalities that are typical of a ciliopathy, including polysyndactyly, polycystic kidneys and hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Recently, a subset of OFD cases in humans has been linked to mutations in the centriolar protein C2 Ca(2+)-dependent domain-containing 3 (C2CD3). Our previous work identified mutations in C2CD3 as the causal genetic lesion for the avian talpid(2) mutant. Based on this common genetic etiology, we re-examined the talpid(2) mutant biochemically and phenotypically for characteristics of OFD. We found that, as in OFD-affected individuals, protein-protein interactions between C2CD3 and oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 protein (OFD1) are reduced in talpid(2) cells. Furthermore, we found that all common phenotypes were conserved between OFD-affected individuals and avian talpid(2) mutants. In light of these findings, we utilized the talpid(2) model to examine the cellular basis for the oral-facial phenotypes present in OFD. Specifically, we examined the development and differentiation of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) when C2CD3-dependent ciliogenesis was impaired. Our studies suggest that although disruptions of C2CD3-dependent ciliogenesis do not affect CNCC specification or proliferation, CNCC migration and differentiation are disrupted. Loss of C2CD3-dependent ciliogenesis affects the dispersion and directional persistence of migratory CNCCs. Furthermore, loss of C2CD3-dependent ciliogenesis results in dysmorphic and enlarged CNCC-derived facial cartilages. Thus, these findings suggest that aberrant CNCC migration and differentiation could contribute to the pathology of oral-facial defects in OFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Schock
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jaime N Struve
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Julie Chang
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary E Delany
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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48
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Narasimhan V, Hjeij R, Vij S, Loges NT, Wallmeier J, Koerner-Rettberg C, Werner C, Thamilselvam SK, Boey A, Choksi SP, Pennekamp P, Roy S, Omran H. Mutations in CCDC11
, which Encodes a Coiled-Coil Containing Ciliary Protein, Causes Situs Inversus
Due to Dysmotility of Monocilia in the Left-Right Organizer. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:307-18. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Hjeij
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Muenster; Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 Muenster Germany
| | - Shubha Vij
- Genes; Development and Disease Laboratory; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Proteos Singapore
| | - Niki Tomas Loges
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Muenster; Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 Muenster Germany
| | - Julia Wallmeier
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Muenster; Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 Muenster Germany
| | - Cordula Koerner-Rettberg
- Klinik für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin im St. Josef-Hospital; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Claudius Werner
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Muenster; Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 Muenster Germany
| | - Surin Kumar Thamilselvam
- Genes; Development and Disease Laboratory; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Proteos Singapore
| | - Adrian Boey
- Institute of Medical Biology - Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Joint Electron Microscopy Suite; Singapore
| | - Semil P. Choksi
- Genes; Development and Disease Laboratory; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Proteos Singapore
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Muenster; Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 Muenster Germany
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Genes; Development and Disease Laboratory; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Proteos Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Muenster; Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 Muenster Germany
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49
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Wen J, Hanna CW, Martell S, Leung PC, Lewis SM, Robinson WP, Stephenson MD, Rajcan-Separovic E. Functional consequences of copy number variants in miscarriage. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:6. [PMID: 25674159 PMCID: PMC4324423 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of unique copy number variations (CNVs) in miscarriages suggests that their integral genes have a role in maintaining early pregnancy. In our previous work, we identified 19 unique CNVs in ~40% of studied euploid miscarriages, which were predominantly familial in origin. In our current work, we assessed their relevance to miscarriage by expression analysis of 14 genes integral to CNVs in available miscarriage chorionic villi. As familial CNVs could cause miscarriage due to imprinting effect, we investigated the allelic expression of one of the genes (TIMP2) previously suggested to be maternally expressed in placenta and involved in placental remodelling and embryo development. Results Six out of fourteen genes had detectable expression in villi and for three genes the RNA and protein expression was altered due to maternal CNVs. These genes were integral to duplication on Xp22.2 (TRAPPC2 and OFD1) or disrupted by a duplication mapping to 17q25.3 (TIMP2). RNA and protein expression was increased for TRAPPC2 and OFD1 and reduced for TIMP2 in carrier miscarriages. The three genes have roles in processes important for pregnancy development such as extracellular matrix homeostasis (TIMP2 and TRAPPC2) and cilia function (OFD1). TIMP2 allelic expression was not affected by the CNV in miscarriages in comparison to control elective terminations. Conclusion We propose that functional studies of CNVs could help determine if and how the miscarriage CNVs affect the expression of integral genes. In case of parental CNVs, assessment of the function of their integral genes in parental reproductive tissues should be also considered in the future, especially if they affect processes relevant for pregnancy development and support. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0109-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2B5 Canada.,Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Courtney W Hanna
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Sally Martell
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Peter Ck Leung
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 2 K5 Canada
| | - Suzanne Me Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Mary D Stephenson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612 USA
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2B5 Canada.,Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada
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50
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Pennekamp P, Menchen T, Dworniczak B, Hamada H. Situs inversus and ciliary abnormalities: 20 years later, what is the connection? Cilia 2015; 4:1. [PMID: 25589952 PMCID: PMC4292827 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-014-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotaxy (also known as situs ambiguous) and situs inversus totalis describe disorders of laterality in which internal organs do not display their typical pattern of asymmetry. First described around 1600 by Girolamo Fabrizio, numerous case reports about laterality disorders in humans were published without any idea about the underlying cause. Then, in 1976, immotile cilia were described as the cause of a human syndrome that was previously clinically described, both in 1904 by AK Siewert and in 1933 by Manes Kartagener, as an association of situs inversus with chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis, now commonly known as Kartagener’s syndrome. Despite intense research, the underlying defect of laterality disorders remained unclear. Nearly 20 years later in 1995, Björn Afzelius discussed five hypotheses to explain the connection between ciliary defects and loss of laterality control in a paper published in the International Journal of Developmental Biology asking: ‘Situs inversus and ciliary abnormalities: What is the connection?’. Here, nearly 20 research years later, we revisit some of the key findings that led to the current knowledge about the connection between situs inversus and ciliary abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pennekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tabea Menchen
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernd Dworniczak
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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