1
|
Kou SH, Li J, Tam B, Lei H, Zhao B, Xiao F, Wang S. TP53 germline pathogenic variants in modern humans were likely originated during recent human history. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad025. [PMID: 37304756 PMCID: PMC10251638 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is crucial for maintaining genome stability and preventing oncogenesis. Germline pathogenic variation in TP53 damages its function, causing genome instability and increased cancer risk. Despite extensive study in TP53, the evolutionary origin of the human TP53 germline pathogenic variants remains largely unclear. In this study, we applied phylogenetic and archaeological approaches to identify the evolutionary origin of TP53 germline pathogenic variants in modern humans. In the phylogenic analysis, we searched 406 human TP53 germline pathogenic variants in 99 vertebrates distributed in eight clades of Primate, Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria, Mammal, Aves, Sarcopterygii and Fish, but we observed no direct evidence for the cross-species conservation as the origin; in the archaeological analysis, we searched the variants in 5031 ancient human genomes dated between 45045 and 100 years before present, and identified 45 pathogenic variants in 62 ancient humans dated mostly within the last 8000 years; we also identified 6 pathogenic variants in 3 Neanderthals dated 44000 to 38515 years before present and 1 Denisovan dated 158 550 years before present. Our study reveals that TP53 germline pathogenic variants in modern humans were likely originated in recent human history and partially inherited from the extinct Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Hoi Kou
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Benjamin Tam
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huijun Lei
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Bojin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Fengxia Xiao
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - San Ming Wang
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macedo JMB, Silva AL, Pinto AC, Landeira LFL, Portari EA, Santos-Rebouças CB, Klumb EM. TP53 and p21 (CDKN1A) polymorphisms and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:43. [PMID: 37605254 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p53 and p21 proteins are important regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis and may contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As genetic polymorphisms may cause changes in protein levels and functions, we investigated associations of TP53 and p21 (CDKN1A) polymorphisms (p53 72 G > C-rs1042522; p53 PIN3-rs17878362; p21 31 C > A-rs1801270; p21 70 C > T-rs1059234) with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Southeastern Brazilian population. METHODS Genotyping of 353 female volunteers (cases, n = 145; controls, n = 208) was performed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. Associations between TP53 and p21 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility and clinical manifestations of SLE patients were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Protective effect was observed for the genotype combinations p53 PIN3 A1/A1-p21 31 C/A, in the total study population (OR 0.45), and p53 PIN3 A1/A2-p21 31 C/C, in non-white women (OR 0.28). In Whites, p53 72 C-containing (OR 3.06) and p53 PIN3 A2-containing (OR 6.93) genotypes were associated with SLE risk, and higher OR value was observed for the combined genotype p53 72 G/C-p53 PIN3 A1/A2 (OR 9.00). Further, p53 PIN3 A1/A2 genotype was associated with serositis (OR 2.82), while p53 PIN3 A2/A2 and p53 72 C/C genotypes were associated with neurological disorders (OR 4.69 and OR 3.34, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the TP53 and p21 polymorphisms included in this study may have potential to emerge as SLE susceptibility markers for specific groups of patients. Significant interactions of the TP53 polymorphisms with serositis and neurological disorders were also observed in SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Lima Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Chaves Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elyzabeth Avvad Portari
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Fernandes Figueira Institute - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Mendes Klumb
- Department of Rheumatology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20551-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Humpton T, Vousden KH. Taking up the reins of power: metabolic functions of p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:610-614. [PMID: 31282931 PMCID: PMC6736434 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
4
|
Kamiza AB, Kamiza S, Singini MG, Mathew CG. Association of TP53 rs1042522 with cervical cancer in the sub-Saharan African population: a meta-analysis. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:666-672. [PMID: 32233050 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TP53 plays a crucial role in preventing cancer development. Previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reported inconclusive findings for the association of the TP53 rs1042522 C > G variant with cervical cancer. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to summarise this association in the SSA population. METHODS Online databases were searched to identify suitable articles according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included studies published in English or French that provided the sample sizes and genotype counts for both cases and controls and evaluated the association between TP53 rs1042522 and cervical cancer in the SSA population. A fixed-effect model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A total of 699 cervical cancer cases and 1008 controls from eight studies in SSA were included in this meta-analysis. Women harbouring the variant G allele of the TP53 rs1042522 were at increased risk of cervical cancer in allelic (G vs. C; OR = 1.30, 95% Cl = 1.12-1.50), homozygous (GG vs. CC; OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20-2.19) and recessive (GG vs. CG + GG; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.34-2.25) genetic models. However, the dominant genetic model (CG + GG vs. CC; OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.96-1.48) was not significantly associated with cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis revealed that harbouring variant G allele of TP53 rs1042522 is associated with cervical cancer risk in the SSA population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abram Bunya Kamiza
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Steve Kamiza
- Histopathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mwiza Gideon Singini
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christopher George Mathew
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuguyo O, Tsikai N, Thomford NE, Magwali T, Madziyire MG, Nhachi CFB, Matimba A, Dandara C. Genetic Susceptibility for Cervical Cancer in African Populations: What Are the Host Genetic Drivers? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:468-483. [PMID: 30004844 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an essential but not a sufficient cervical cancer etiological factor. Cancer promoters, such as host genetic mutations, significantly modulate therapeutic responses and susceptibility. In cervical cancer, of interest have been viral clearing genes and HPV oncoprotein targets, for which conflicting data have been reported among different populations. This expert analysis evaluates cervical cancer genetic susceptibility biomarkers studied in African populations. Notably, the past decade has seen Africa as a hotbed of biomarker and precision medicine innovations, thus potentially informing worldwide biomarker development strategies. We conducted a critical literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for case-control studies reporting on cervical cancer genetic polymorphisms among Africans. We found that seven African countries conducted cervical cancer molecular epidemiology studies in one of Casp8, p53, CCR2, FASL, HLA, IL10, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha genes. This analysis reveals a remarkable gap in cervical cancer molecular epidemiology among Africans, whereas cervical cancer continues to disproportionately have an impact on African populations. Genome-wide association, whole exome- and whole-genome sequencing studies confirmed the contribution of candidate genes in cervical cancer. With such advances and omics technologies, the role of genetic susceptibility biomarkers can be exploited to develop novel interventions to improve current screening, diagnostic and prognostic methods worldwide. Exploring these genetic variations is crucial because African populations are genetically diverse and some variants or their combined effects are yet to be discovered and translated into tangible clinical applications. Thus, translational medicine and flourishing system sciences in Africa warrant further emphasis in the coming decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oppah Kuguyo
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nomsa Tsikai
- 2 Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Center, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nicholas E Thomford
- 3 Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thulani Magwali
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Mugove G Madziyire
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Charles F B Nhachi
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Alice Matimba
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Collet Dandara
- 3 Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basu S, Gnanapradeepan K, Barnoud T, Kung CP, Tavecchio M, Scott J, Watters A, Chen Q, Kossenkov AV, Murphy ME. Mutant p53 controls tumor metabolism and metastasis by regulating PGC-1α. Genes Dev 2018; 32:230-243. [PMID: 29463573 PMCID: PMC5859965 DOI: 10.1101/gad.309062.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Basu et al. show that mutant p53 enhances migration and metastasis of tumors through the ability to bind and regulate PGC-1α and that this regulation is markedly impacted by the codon 72 polymorphism. Mutant forms of p53 protein often possess protumorigenic functions, conferring increased survival and migration to tumor cells via their “gain-of-function” activity. Whether and how a common polymorphism in TP53 at amino acid 72 (Pro72Arg; referred to here as P72 and R72) impacts this gain of function has not been determined. We show that mutant p53 enhances migration and metastasis of tumors through the ability to bind and regulate PGC-1α and that this regulation is markedly impacted by the codon 72 polymorphism. Tumor cells with the R72 variant of mutant p53 show increased PGC-1α function along with greatly increased mitochondrial function and metastatic capability. Breast cancers containing mutant p53 and the R72 variant show poorer prognosis compared with P72. The combined results reveal PGC-1α as a novel “gain-of-function” partner of mutant p53 and indicate that the codon 72 polymorphism influences the impact of mutant p53 on metabolism and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Basu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Keerthana Gnanapradeepan
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michele Tavecchio
- Program in Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Scott
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrea Watters
- Program in Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Program in Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Program in Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamiza AB, Hsieh LL, Tang R, Chien HT, Lai CH, Chiu LL, Lo TP, Hung KY, You JF, Wang WC, Hsiung CA, Yeh CC. TP53 Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Lynch Syndrome in Taiwan: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167354. [PMID: 27907203 PMCID: PMC5131981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim TP53 encodes p53, which has a crucial role in modulating genes that regulate defense against cancer development. This study investigated whether TP53 polymorphisms are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Lynch syndrome and whether TP53 interacts with lifestyle factors to modify CRC risk. Methods We identified 260 MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutation carriers from the Taiwan Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Consortium. A weighted Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the association of TP53 polymorphisms with CRC development. Results The carriers of the variant C allele of rs1042522 were associated with a decreased CRC risk (GC genotype: HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.14–0.86; CC genotype: HR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.13–0.57). In addition, the dominant model of rs1042522 was associated with a decreased CRC risk (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.15–0.67). The CRC risk was decreased in carriers with the CT and TT genotypes of rs12947788 (HR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.08–0.46 and HR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.09–0.65, respectively). Moreover, the dominant model of rs12947788 was significantly associated with a decreased CRC risk (HR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.09–0.46). A haplotype analysis indicated that compared with the most common GC haplotype, the CT haplotype was associated with a decreased CRC risk (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.11–0.59). However, no significant interaction was observed between TP53 polymorphisms and lifestyle factors. Conclusion The study results revealed that the rs1042522 genotype with the C allele and the rs12947788 genotype with the T allele in TP53 were associated with a decreased CRC risk in patients with Lynch syndrome in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abram Bunya Kamiza
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Reiping Tang
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Tzu Chien
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Lai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chiu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ping Lo
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Hung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fu You
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao A. Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCY); (CAH)
| | - Chih-Ching Yeh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCY); (CAH)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MDM2 SNP 309G Allele Is Associated With Younger Age at Surgery in Chronic Pancreatitis Patients. Pancreas 2016; 45:e11-2. [PMID: 26954495 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer; this gene is subject to inactivation by mutation or deletion in >50% of sporadic cancers. Genes that encode proteins that regulate p53 function, such as MDM2, MDM4, and CDKN2A (p14(ARF)) are also frequently altered in tumors, and it is generally believed that the p53 pathway is likely to be inactivated by mutation in close to 100% of human tumors. Unlike most other cancer-relevant signaling pathways, some of the genes in the p53 pathway contain functionally significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the amplitude of signaling by this protein. These variants, thus, have the potential to impact cancer risk, progression, and the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy. In addition, the p53 pathway plays a role in other biological processes, including metabolism and reproductive fitness, so these variants have the potential to modify other diseases as well. Here we have chosen five polymorphisms in three genes in the p53 pathway for review, two in TP53, two in MDM2, and one in MDM4. These five variants were selected based on the quality and reproducibility of functional data associated with them, as well as the convincingness of epidemiological data in support of their association with disease. We also highlight two other polymorphisms that may affect p53 signaling, but for which functional or association data are still forthcoming (KITLG and ANRIL). Finally, we touch on three questions regarding genetic modifiers of the p53 pathway: Why did these variants arise? Were they under selection pressure? And, is there compelling evidence to support genotyping these variants to better predict disease risk and prognosis?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Basu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kung CP, Leu JIJ, Basu S, Khaku S, Anokye-Danso F, Liu Q, George DL, Ahima RS, Murphy ME. The P72R Polymorphism of p53 Predisposes to Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2413-25. [PMID: 26947067 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is well known for its tumor suppressor role, but this protein also has a poorly understood role in the regulation of metabolism. Human studies have implicated a common polymorphism at codon 72 of p53 in diabetic and pre-diabetic phenotypes. To understand this role, we utilized a humanized mouse model of the p53 codon 72 variants and monitored these mice following challenge with a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice with the arginine 72 (R72) variant of p53 developed more-severe obesity and glucose intolerance on a HFD, compared to mice with the proline 72 variant (P72). R72 mice developed insulin resistance, islet hypertrophy, increased infiltration of immune cells, and fatty liver disease. Gene expression analyses and studies with small-molecule inhibitors indicate that the p53 target genes Tnf and Npc1l1 underlie this phenotype. These results shed light on the role of p53 in obesity, metabolism, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia I-Ju Leu
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Subhasree Basu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sakina Khaku
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick Anokye-Danso
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, The Perelman School at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biostatistics Unit, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna L George
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, The Perelman School at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jacovas VC, Rovaris DL, Peréz O, de Azevedo S, Macedo GS, Sandoval JR, Salazar-Granara A, Villena M, Dugoujon JM, Bisso-Machado R, Petzl-Erler ML, Salzano FM, Ashton-Prolla P, Ramallo V, Bortolini MC. Genetic Variations in the TP53 Pathway in Native Americans Strongly Suggest Adaptation to the High Altitudes of the Andes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137823. [PMID: 26382048 PMCID: PMC4575214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the five single nucleotide polymorphisms located in genes of the TP53 pathway (TP53, rs1042522; MDM2, rs2279744; MDM4, rs1563828; USP7, rs1529916; and LIF, rs929271) were studied in a total of 282 individuals belonging to Quechua, Aymara, Chivay, Cabanaconde, Yanke, Taquile, Amantani, Anapia, Uros, Guarani Ñandeva, and Guarani Kaiowá populations, characterized as Native American or as having a high level (> 90%) of Native American ancestry. In addition, published data pertaining to 100 persons from five other Native American populations (Surui, Karitiana, Maya, Pima, and Piapoco) were analyzed. The populations were classified as living in high altitude (≥ 2,500 m) or in lowlands (< 2,500 m). Our analyses revealed that alleles USP7-G, LIF-T, and MDM2-T showed significant evidence that they were selected for in relation to harsh environmental variables related to high altitudes. Our results show for the first time that alleles of classical TP53 network genes have been evolutionary co-opted for the successful human colonization of the Andes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristina Jacovas
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Orlando Peréz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Soledad de Azevedo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Souza Macedo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - José Raul Sandoval
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres (USMP), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mercedes Villena
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31000, France
| | - Rafael Bisso-Machado
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Francisco Mauro Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
- Serviço de Genética Medica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Virginia Ramallo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sivoňová MK, Vilčková M, Kliment J, Mahmood S, Jurečeková J, Dušenková S, Waczulíková I, Slezák P, Dobrota D. Association of p53 and p21 polymorphisms with prostate cancer. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:707-714. [PMID: 26405550 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle deregulation is common in human cancer. Alterations of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 and its downstream effector p21 have been indicated in the development of numerous human malignancies. Therefore, we hypothesize that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism, either on its own or in combination with p21 (C98A and C70T) polymorphisms, modifies the risk of prostate cancer within the Slovak population, and no previous studies have investigated these gene-gene interactions in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer in the Slovak population. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the p53 and p21 genotypes in subjects comprising 300 prostate cancer patients and 446 healthy individuals. These 3 polymorphisms individually did not correlate with the prostate cancer risk. Conversely, the interaction between the p53 and p21 polymorphisms significantly decreased the risk of prostate cancer, with the odds ratio (OR) being 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.86; P<0.05] for subjects carrying the p53 codon 72 arginine (Arg)/proline (Pro)+Pro/Pro and p21 C98A CA genotypes compared to the combined reference genotypes p53 codon 72 Arg/Arg and p21 C98A CC. Neither the p53 genotypes nor the p21 genotypes showed statistically significant differences in Gleason score or serum prostate-specific antigen levels (P>0.05). A decreased risk of prostate cancer association with the p21 C98A CA genotype (OR=0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.93; P<0.05) in non-smokers compared to the non-smokers with the p21 C98A CC genotype was observed. Smokers carrying the p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype were not at any significant risk of prostate cancer (OR=2.97; 95% CI, 0.51-17.15) compared to the non-smokers with the Arg/Arg genotype. Taken together, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to show that a combination of the variant genotypes of p53 codon 72 and p21 C98A may modify the prostate cancer risk within the Slovak population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kmeťová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Vilčková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kliment
- Department of Urology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Mahmood
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Dušenková
- Department of Urology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Division of Biomedical Physics, Comenius University, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Slezák
- Institute of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Whole-genome sequencing reveals oncogenic mutations in mycosis fungoides. Blood 2015; 126:508-19. [PMID: 26082451 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-611194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is unknown. Although genetic alterations have been identified, none are considered consistently causative in MF. To identify potential drivers of MF, we performed whole-genome sequencing of MF tumors and matched normal skin. Targeted ultra-deep sequencing of MF samples and exome sequencing of CTCL cell lines were also performed. Multiple mutations were identified that affected the same pathways, including epigenetic, cell-fate regulation, and cytokine signaling, in MF tumors and CTCL cell lines. Specifically, interleukin-2 signaling pathway mutations, including activating Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) mutations, were detected. Treatment with a JAK3 inhibitor significantly reduced CTCL cell survival. Additionally, the mutation data identified 2 other potential contributing factors to MF, ultraviolet light, and a polymorphism in the tumor suppressor p53 (TP53). Therefore, genetic alterations in specific pathways in MF were identified that may be viable, effective new targets for treatment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Association of EGF and p53 gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in the Slovak population. Open Med (Wars) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-013-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDuring the transformation process single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of key genes, such as p53 Arg72Pro or EGF A61G, may mediate various cellular processes. These variants may be associated with colorectal cancer risk (CRC), but conflicting findings have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the SNPs in 5′ UTR of EGF A61G and p53 Arg72Pro and CRC in the Slovak population. The present case-control study was carried out in 173 confirmed CRC patients and 303 healthy subjects. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP methods. Significant association was observed between age and CRC risk (p=0.001). Lower CRC risk was seen in younger patients carrying genotype p53 Arg72Pro (0.14; 95% CI 0.02–0.99, p=0.049). Gender-stratified analysis showed a significant inverse association of the polymorphism EGF G61G with CRC risk (0.48; 95% CI 0.2–0.9, p=0.04) only in male patients. Tumour site genotype distribution revealed that female patients with localized colon cancer were significantly associated with p53 Pro72Pro genotype (4.0; 95% CI 1.27–12.7, p=0.04) whereas the cancer of rectosigmoid junction was associated with the EGF G61G genotype (4.5; 95% CI 1.2–16.97, p=0.02). Combination of p53 Arg72Pro or EGF A61G polymorphisms were not associated with CRC risk by using logistic regression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ewing Sarcoma: influence of TP53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 T309G SNPs. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4929-34. [PMID: 23661019 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Ewing Sarcoma is an important tumor of bone and soft tissue. The SNPs Arg72Pro of TP53 and T309G of MDM2 have been associated with many cancer types and have been differently distributed among populations worldwide. Based on a case-control design, this study aimed to assess the role of these SNPs in 24 Ewing Sarcoma patients, compared to 91 control individuals. DNA samples were extracted from blood and genotyped for both SNPs by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The results showed an association between the G allele of the T309G and Ewing Sarcoma (P=0.02). Comparing to the TT carriers, the risk of G allele carriers was 3.35 (95% CI=1.22-9.21) with P=0.02. At the genotypic level, an association of the TT genotype with the control group (P=0.03) was found. Comparing to the TT genotype, the risk of TG and GG was 2.97 (95% CI=1.03-8.58) with P=0.04 and 5.00 (95% CI=1.23-20.34) with P=0.02, respectively. No associations regarding the Arg72Pro SNP were found. Considering that the T309G has been associated with several types of cancer, including sarcomas, our results indicate that this SNP may also be important to Ewing Sarcoma predisposition.
Collapse
|
16
|
The Pro allele of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with decreased intratumoral expression of BAX and p21, and increased breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47325. [PMID: 23071787 PMCID: PMC3468577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism encodes two p53 variants with different biochemical properties. Here we investigated the impact of this polymorphism on the expression of key p53 target genes in a panel of human breast carcinomas, breast cancer risk, and age at onset. Methodology/Principal Findings The Arg72Pro polymorphism was genotyped in 270 breast cancer patients and 221 control subjects. In addition, the Arg72Pro genotype of 116 breast tumors was determined, and correlated with intratumoral mRNA expression of TP53 and its key target genes MDM2, p21, BAX, and PERP, as quantified by qRT-PCR. We found a significantly increased breast cancer risk associated with the Pro-allele (per-allele odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.99), and a significantly later mean age at breast cancer onset for Pro/Pro patients (63.2±18 years) compared to Arg/Arg patients (58.2±15 years). The frequency of somatic TP53 inactivation was 25.4% in Arg/Arg, 20.9% in Arg/Pro, and 16.7% in Pro/Pro patients, which may reflect a higher selective pressure to mutate the Arg-allele. The median mRNA levels of p21 and BAX in the tumors of Pro-allele carriers were significantly reduced to 55.7% and 76.9% compared to Arg/Arg patients, whereas p53, MDM2 and PERP expression were hardly altered. Conclusions/Significance The p5372Arg variant appears to be a more potent in vivo transcription factor and tumor suppressor in human breast cancer than the p5372Pro variant. The Arg72Pro genotype has no significant effects in patients with TP53 mutated tumors, in which p53 is non-functional.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chittoria A, Mohanty S, Jaiswal YK, Das A. Natural selection mediated association of the Duffy (FY) gene polymorphisms with Plasmodium vivax malaria in India. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45219. [PMID: 23028857 PMCID: PMC3448599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Duffy (Fy) antigens act as receptors for chemokines as well as for Plasmodium vivax to invade human RBCs. A recent study has correlated the occurrence of the FY*A allele of Duffy gene with decreased susceptibility to vivax malaria, but no epidemiological correlation between the distribution of FY*A allele and incidences of vivax malaria has been established so far. Furthermore, if such correlations exist, whether natural selection has mediated the association, is an important question. Since India is highly endemic to P. vivax malaria with variable eco-climatic and varying vivax malaria epidemiology across different regions, such a question could well be answered in Indians. For this, we have genotyped the FY gene at the −33rd and the 125th nucleotide positions in 250 Indians sampled from six different zonal plus one tribal population covering the whole of India and studied possible correlations with eco-climatic and vivax malaria incidences. No FY*O allele was found, however, both the FY*A and FY*B alleles forming FY*A/FY*A, FY*A/FY*B and FY*B/FY*B genotypes were widely distributed among Indians. Five out of seven population samples significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectation, and two alleles (FY*A and FY*B) and the homozygote genotype, FY*B/FY*B were clinally distributed over the population coordinates. Furthermore, vivax malaria incidences over the past five years were significantly negatively and positively associated with the frequencies of the FY*A and FY*B alleles, respectively. The Northern Indians were highly differentiated from the other zonal population samples at the FY gene, as evidenced from the reconstructed Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree. The results specify the role of natural selection in the distribution of FY gene polymorphism in India. Furthermore, the hypotheses on the part of the FY*A allele in conferring protection to vivax malaria could be validated following population genetic studies in a vivax malaria epidemiological setting, such as India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Chittoria
- Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pardesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Jaiswal
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aparup Das
- Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The p53 protein exerts different cellular functions, and recent findings have demonstrated its influence on the cascade of skin pigmentation during UV exposure. Among TP53 gene polymorphisms, the most studied is the G to C transversion in exon 4 at codon 72, which results in three distinct genotypes, Arg/Arg, Pro/Pro and Arg/Pro, each one encoding different p53 isoforms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and skin protection against sunburn. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and genotyping was performed by PCR and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion. The genotype frequency was 50% for Arg/Arg and 14.6% for Pro/Pro genotype. The frequency of heterozygous subjects was 35.4%. In our population, p53 genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium (X2 HM less than 3.84), showing a predominance of arginine allele (total Arg allele frequency of 68%). No significant association between p53 genotype and skin colour, hair or eye colour and susceptibility to sun exposure was found. However, further analysis demonstrated a significant association between the genotype Pro/Pro and blue/green eyes among participants who presented redness (P=0.016). Our findings indicate susceptibility to sun exposure when this phenotype (eye colour) occurs simultaneously with Pro/Pro genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karita Antunes Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970, Goiania-GO, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naccarati A, Polakova V, Pardini B, Vodickova L, Hemminki K, Kumar R, Vodicka P. Mutations and polymorphisms in TP53 gene--an overview on the role in colorectal cancer. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:211-8. [PMID: 22294769 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A functionally normal TP53 is essential to protect organisms from developing cancer. Somatic mutations in the gene represent one of the highest recurring perturbations in human tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the variegated phenotype of wide spectrum of somatic mutations in TP53 and the complexity of the disease prevent a straight interpretation of the mutational analysis in tumours. In addition to the presence of somatic mutations, polymorphic features of the gene may also contribute to alteration of the normal TP53 functioning and variants, mainly in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms, can be expected to impact susceptibility to sporadic CRC. In the present study, we reviewed the potential role of alterations in the TP53 gene, both somatic mutations and inherited sequence variations, in predisposition to CRC and in the prognosis and response to therapy. The available data from association studies have mostly shown contradictory outcomes. The majority of the studies were based on limited sample sizes and focussed on a limited number of polymorphisms, with main being the rs1042522 (Arg72Pro). Thus far, there is no possible generalisation of the role of TP53 as also a predictor of therapeutic response and prognosis. The effects of TP53, and its abnormalities, on the response of tumours to cytotoxic drugs, radiation and chemoradiation are complex. However, from studies it is emerging that the inherited genetics of TP53 pathway components could be utilised to further define patient populations in their abilities to induce p53 activity in response to either DNA damaging or p53-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Naccarati
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
How contemporary human reproductive behaviors influence the role of fertility-related genes: the example of the p53 gene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35431. [PMID: 22532853 PMCID: PMC3332113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on human fertility genes have identified numerous risk/protective alleles involved in the occurrence of reproductive system diseases causing infertility or subfertility. Investigations we carried out in populations at natural fertility seem to suggest that the clinical relevance that some fertility genes are now acquiring depends on their interaction with contemporary reproductive behaviors (birth control, delayed childbearing, and spacing birth order, among others). In recent years, a new physiological role in human fertility regulation has emerged for the tumor- suppressor p53 gene (P53), and the P53 Arg72Pro polymorphism has been associated with recurrent implantation failure in humans. To lend support to our previous observations, we examined the impact of Arg72Pro polymorphism on fertility in two samples of Italian women not selected for impaired fertility but collected from populations with different (premodern and modern) reproductive behaviors. Among the women at near-natural fertility (n = 98), the P53 genotypes were not associated with different reproductive efficiency, whereas among those with modern reproductive behaviors (n = 68), the P53 genotypes were associated with different mean numbers of children [Pro/Pro = 0.75<Pro/Arg = 1.7<Arg/Arg = 2, (p = 0.056)] and a significant negative relationship between the number of children and P53 Pro allele frequencies (p = 0.028) was observed. These results are consistent with those of clinical studies reporting an association between the P53 Pro allele and recurrent implantation failure. By combining these findings with previous ones, we suggest here that some common variants of fertility genes may have become "detrimental" following exposure to modern reproductive patterns and might therefore be associated with reduced reproductive success. Set within an evolutionary framework, this change could lead to the selection of a set of gene variants fitter to current reproductive behaviors as the shift to later child-bearing age in developed countries.
Collapse
|
21
|
SNP285C modulates oestrogen receptor/Sp1 binding to the MDM2 promoter and reduces the risk of endometrial but not prostatic cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:1988-96. [PMID: 22119201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The MDM2 promoter polymorphism (SNP309T > G) extends a binding site for the transcription factor Sp1 and has been linked to elevated cancer risk and/or young age at cancer diagnosis, especially in females. Recently, we reported an adjacent polymorphism (SNP285G > C). SNP285C antagonises the effect of SNP309G by reducing Sp1 binding and lowers the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. METHODS We assessed the potential gender specificity in the effect of this polymorphism. We performed in silico predictions of transcription factor binding sites in the MDM2 promoter and analysed MDM2 SNP285 and SNP309 status in two independent cohorts of endometrial (n = 438 and 472) and 666 prostatic cancer patients, and compared to 3.140 healthy controls. RESULTS We identified three oestrogen-receptor binding elements (EREs) within the MDM2 intronic promoter, one of which overlapping the Sp1 binding-site harbouring SNP285. The SNP285C/309G haplotype was associated with a reduced Odds Ratio (OR) for endometrial cancer (OR1: 0.55; Confidence Interval (CI) 0.32-0.97; OR2: 0.65; CI 0.40-1.08, especially for ER+ tumours; OR: 0.48; CI 0.28-0.87) but not for prostatic cancer among SNP309TG heterozygotes. SNP309G (SNP309TG or SNP309GG genotype) was associated with a moderately increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR: 1.17; CI 1.00-1.37) compared to SNP309TT homozygotes. Removing individuals harbouring the SNP309G-counteracting SNP285C polymorphism from the analysis strengthened this association (OR: 1.20; CI 1.02-1.41). CONCLUSION The finding of an ERE overlapping with the Sp1-binding site affected by SNP285, taken together with the significant impact of SNP285 on the risk of breast, ovarian and now endometrial cancer but not prostatic cancer, suggests a gender specific effect of SNP285C on cancer risk.
Collapse
|
22
|
Thurow HS, Haack R, Hartwig FP, de Oliveira IO, Dellagostin OA, Gigante DP, Horta BL, Collares T, Seixas FK. TP53 gene polymorphism: Importance to cancer, ethnicity and birth weight in a Brazilian cohort. J Biosci 2011; 36:823-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
23
|
Levine AJ, Tomasini R, McKeon FD, Mak TW, Melino G. The p53 family: guardians of maternal reproduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12:259-65. [PMID: 21427767 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family of proteins consists of p53, p63 and p73, which are transcription factors that affect both cancer and development. It is now emerging that these proteins also regulate maternal reproduction. Whereas p63 is important for maturation of the egg, p73 ensures normal mitosis in the developing blastocyst. p53 subsequently regulates implantation of the embryo through transcriptional control of leukaemia inhibitory factor. Elucidating the cell biological basis of how these factors regulate female fertility may lead to new approaches to the control of human maternal reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Levine
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|