1
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Engineering functional BMP-2 expressing teratoma-derived fibroblasts for enhancing osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14581. [PMID: 30275449 PMCID: PMC6167319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is considered an effective growth factor for bone formation, and is used for making osteo-inductive scaffolds, but the related clinical investigations have shown low success rates. In this study, we genetically manipulated teratoma-derived fibroblast (TDF) cells by simultaneous introduction of BMP-2 and herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) encoding genes. Self-production of BMP-2 in TDF cells strongly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, and elevated the mRNA expression of osteogenic marker genes during in vitro osteogenesis. The bone formation volume was also remarkably enhanced in calvarial and femoral critical-size defect models. Ganciclovir (GCV) treatment induced apoptosis in TDF cells co-expressing HSV-tk and BMP-2, implying that HSV-tk suicide gene can modulate the side-effects of stem cell therapy, e.g., development of uncontrollable teratoma and tumor formation. Altogether, our findings revealed a safe and highly efficient technique with potential therapeutic applications for bone regeneration.
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2
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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3
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Cai X, Zhang X, Li X, Liu M, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhang Z. The Atypical Guanylate Kinase MoGuk2 Plays Important Roles in Asexual/Sexual Development, Conidial Septation, and Pathogenicity in the Rice Blast Fungus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2467. [PMID: 29321770 PMCID: PMC5732230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanylate kinases (GKs), which convert guanosine monophosphate into guanosine diphosphate (GDP), are important for growth and mannose outer chain elongation of cell wall N-linked glycoproteins in yeast. Here, we identified the ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GK Guk1, named MoGuk1 and a novel family of fungal GKs MoGuk2 in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MoGuk1 contains 242 aa with an C-terminal GuKc domain that very similar to yeast Guk1. MoGuk2 contains 810 amino acids with a C-terminal GuKc domain and an additional N-terminal efThoc1 domain. Expression of either MoGuk1 or MoGuk2 in heterozygote yeast guk1 mutant could increase its GDP level. To investigate the biological role of MoGuk1 and MoGuk2 in M. oryzae, the gene replacement vectors were constructed. We obtained the ΔMoguk2 but not ΔMoguk1 mutant by screening over 1,000 transformants, indicating MoGuk1 might be essential for M. oryzae. The ΔMoguk2 mutant showed weak reductions in vegetative growth, conidial germination, appressorial formation, and appressorial turgor, and showed significant reductions in sporulation and pathogenicity. Moreover, the ΔMoguk2 mutant failed to produce perithecia and was sensitive to neomycin and a mixture of neomycin-tunicamycin. Exogenous GDP and ATP partially rescued the defects in conidial germination, appressorial formation, and infectious growth of the mutant. Further analysis revealed that intracellular GDP and GTP level was decreased, and GMP level was increased in the mutant, suggesting that MoGuk2 exhibits enzymatic activity. Structural analysis proved that the efThoc1, GuKc, and P-loop domains are essential for the full function of MoGuk2. Taken together, our data suggest that the guanylate kinase MoGuk2 is involved in the de novo GTP biosynthesis pathway and is important for infection-related morphogenesis in the rice blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Cai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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4
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Rivera-Barahona A, Pérez B, Richard E, Desviat LR. Role of miRNAs in human disease and inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:471-480. [PMID: 28229250 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by base pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). They are estimated to target ∼60% of all human protein-coding genes and are involved in regulating key physiological processes and intracellular signaling pathways. They also exhibit tissue specificity, and their dysregulation is linked to the progression of pathology. Identifying disease associated miRNAs and their respective targets provides novel molecular insight into disease, enabling the design of new therapeutic strategies. Notably, miRNAs are present in stable form in biological fluids, making them amenable to routine clinical processing and analysis, which has paved the way for their use as novel biomarkers of disease and response to therapy. One of the most relevant findings in miRNA research concerns the therapeutic modulation of specific miRNA levels in vitro and in vivo, which has led to miRNA-based drugs entering clinical trials. Most studies relative to miRNA profiling, association with pathology, and therapeutical modulation have been conducted for cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, for different monogenic diseases, including inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), research contributing to alterations to physiopathology caused by miRNAs is steadily increasing. Herein, we review the biogenesis pathway and mode of miRNA action, their known roles in disease states, and use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers, describing the available research tools for basic and clinical studies. In addition, we summarize recent literature on miRNA studies in inherited metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Fang W, Guo J, Cao Y, Wang S, Pang C, Li M, Dou L, Man Y, Huang X, Shen T, Li J. MicroRNA-20a-5p contributes to hepatic glycogen synthesis through targeting p63 to regulate p53 and PTEN expression. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1467-1480. [PMID: 27019188 PMCID: PMC4956936 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12835; epub 2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it is implicated that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) is associated with insulin resistance. However, the role of miR-17 family in hepatic insulin resistance and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we provided mechanistic insight into the effects of miR-20a-5p, a member of miR-17 family, on the regulation of AKT/GSK pathway and glycogenesis in hepatocytes. MiR-20a-5p was down-regulated in the liver of db/db mice, and NCTC1469 cells and Hep1-6 cells treated with high glucose, accompanied by reduced glycogen content and impaired insulin signalling. Notably, inhibition of miR-20a-5p significantly reduced glycogen synthesis and AKT/GSK activation, whereas overexpression of miR-20a-5p led to elevated glycogenesis and activated AKT/GSK signalling pathway. In addition, miR-20a-5p mimic could reverse high glucose-induced impaired glycogenesis and AKT/GSK activation in NCTC1469 and Hep1-6 cells. P63 was identified as a target of miR-20a-5p by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of p63 in the NCTC1469 cells and the Hep1-6 cells by transfecting with siRNA targeting p63 could increase glycogen content and reverse miR-20a-5p inhibition-induced reduced glycogenesis and activation of AKT and GSK, suggesting that p63 participated in miR-20a-5p-mediated glycogenesis in hepatocytes. Moreover, our results indicate that p63 might directly bind to p53, thereby regulating PTEN expression and in turn participating in glycogenesis. In conclusion, we found novel evidence suggesting that as a member of miR-17 family, miR-20a-5p contributes to hepatic glycogen synthesis through targeting p63 to regulate p53 and PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Man
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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6
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Meek S, Thomson AJ, Sutherland L, Sharp MGF, Thomson J, Bishop V, Meddle SL, Gloaguen Y, Weidt S, Singh-Dolt K, Buehr M, Brown HK, Gill AC, Burdon T. Reduced levels of dopamine and altered metabolism in brains of HPRT knock-out rats: a new rodent model of Lesch-Nyhan Disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25592. [PMID: 27185277 PMCID: PMC4869022 DOI: 10.1038/srep25592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a severe neurological disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), an enzyme required for efficient recycling of purine nucleotides. Although this biochemical defect reconfigures purine metabolism and leads to elevated levels of the breakdown product urea, it remains unclear exactly how loss of HPRT activity disrupts brain function. As the rat is the preferred rodent experimental model for studying neurobiology and diseases of the brain, we used genetically-modified embryonic stem cells to generate an HPRT knock-out rat. Male HPRT-deficient rats were viable, fertile and displayed normal caged behaviour. However, metabolomic analysis revealed changes in brain biochemistry consistent with disruption of purine recycling and nucleotide metabolism. Broader changes in brain biochemistry were also indicated by increased levels of the core metabolite citrate and reduced levels of lipids and fatty acids. Targeted MS/MS analysis identified reduced levels of dopamine in the brains of HPRT-deficient animals, consistent with deficits noted previously in human LND patients and HPRT knock-out mice. The HPRT-deficient rat therefore provides a new experimental platform for future investigation of how HPRT activity and disruption of purine metabolism affects neural function and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Meek
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Alison J. Thomson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Linda Sutherland
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Matthew G. F. Sharp
- Central Bioresearch Services, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland
| | - Julie Thomson
- Central Bioresearch Services, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland
| | - Valerie Bishop
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Simone L. Meddle
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Yoann Gloaguen
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Campus, Bearsden, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Stefan Weidt
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Campus, Bearsden, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Karamjit Singh-Dolt
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Mia Buehr
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Helen K. Brown
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Andrew C. Gill
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland,
| | - Tom Burdon
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland,
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7
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Fang W, Guo J, Cao Y, Wang S, Pang C, Li M, Dou L, Man Y, Huang X, Shen T, Li J. MicroRNA-20a-5p contributes to hepatic glycogen synthesis through targeting p63 to regulate p53 and PTEN expression. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1467-80. [PMID: 27019188 PMCID: PMC4956936 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it is implicated that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) is associated with insulin resistance. However, the role of miR‐17 family in hepatic insulin resistance and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we provided mechanistic insight into the effects of miR‐20a‐5p, a member of miR‐17 family, on the regulation of AKT/GSK pathway and glycogenesis in hepatocytes. MiR‐20a‐5p was down‐regulated in the liver of db/db mice, and NCTC1469 cells and Hep1‐6 cells treated with high glucose, accompanied by reduced glycogen content and impaired insulin signalling. Notably, inhibition of miR‐20a‐5p significantly reduced glycogen synthesis and AKT/GSK activation, whereas overexpression of miR‐20a‐5p led to elevated glycogenesis and activated AKT/GSK signalling pathway. In addition, miR‐20a‐5p mimic could reverse high glucose‐induced impaired glycogenesis and AKT/GSK activation in NCTC1469 and Hep1‐6 cells. P63 was identified as a target of miR‐20a‐5p by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of p63 in the NCTC1469 cells and the Hep1‐6 cells by transfecting with siRNA targeting p63 could increase glycogen content and reverse miR‐20a‐5p inhibition‐induced reduced glycogenesis and activation of AKT and GSK, suggesting that p63 participated in miR‐20a‐5p‐mediated glycogenesis in hepatocytes. Moreover, our results indicate that p63 might directly bind to p53, thereby regulating PTEN expression and in turn participating in glycogenesis. In conclusion, we found novel evidence suggesting that as a member of miR‐17 family, miR‐20a‐5p contributes to hepatic glycogen synthesis through targeting p63 to regulate p53 and PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Man
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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8
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Yin M, Jiang W, Fang Z, Kong P, Xing F, Li Y, Chen X, Li S. Generation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene knockout rabbits by homologous recombination and gene trapping through somatic cell nuclear transfer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16023. [PMID: 26522387 PMCID: PMC4629196 DOI: 10.1038/srep16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit is a common animal model that has been employed in studies on various human disorders, and the generation of genetically modified rabbit lines is highly desirable. Female rabbits have been successfully cloned from cumulus cells, and the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology is well established. The present study generated hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene knockout rabbits using recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated homologous recombination and SCNT. Gene trap strategies were employed to enhance the gene targeting rates. The male and female gene knockout fibroblast cell lines were derived by different strategies. When male HPRT knockout cells were used for SCNT, no live rabbits were obtained. However, when female HPRT+/− cells were used for SCNT, live, healthy rabbits were generated. The cloned HPRT+/− rabbits were fertile at maturity. We demonstrate a new technique to produce gene-targeted rabbits. This approach may also be used in the genetic manipulation of different genes or in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Yin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfu Fang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Kong
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Xing
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Shangang Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
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9
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Dammer EB, Göttle M, Duong DM, Hanfelt J, Seyfried NT, Jinnah HA. Consequences of impaired purine recycling on the proteome in a cellular model of Lesch-Nyhan disease. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:570-579. [PMID: 25769394 PMCID: PMC4390545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of specific pathways of purine metabolism for normal brain function is highlighted by several inherited disorders, such as Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND). In this disorder, deficiency of the purine recycling enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt), causes severe neurological and behavioral abnormalities. Despite many years of research, the mechanisms linking the defect in purine recycling to the neurobehavioral abnormalities remain unclear. In the current studies, an unbiased approach to the identification of potential mechanisms was undertaken by examining changes in protein expression in a model of HGprt deficiency based on the dopaminergic rat PC6-3 line, before and after differentiation with nerve growth factor (NGF). Protein expression profiles of 5 mutant sublines carrying different mutations affecting HGprt enzyme activity were compared to the HGprt-competent parent line using the method of stable isotopic labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) followed by denaturing gel electrophoresis with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of tryptic digests, and subsequent identification of affected biochemical pathways using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) functional annotation chart analysis. The results demonstrate that HGprt deficiency causes broad changes in protein expression that depend on whether the cells are differentiated or not. Several of the pathways identified reflect predictable consequences of defective purine recycling. Other pathways were not anticipated, disclosing previously unknown connections with purine metabolism and novel insights into the pathogenesis of LND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Martin Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John Hanfelt
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - H. A. Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Human Genetics & Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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10
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Alzheimer’s disease shares gene expression aberrations with purinergic dysregulation of HPRT deficiency (Lesch–Nyhan disease). Neurosci Lett 2015; 590:35-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Striatal neurodevelopment is dysregulated in purine metabolism deficiency and impacts DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB expression and signaling: new insights on the molecular and cellular basis of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96575. [PMID: 24804781 PMCID: PMC4013014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the purine metabolic enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). This syndrome is characterized by an array of severe neurological impairments that in part originate from striatal dysfunctions. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions remain largely unidentified. In this report, we demonstrate that HPRT-deficiency causes dysregulated expression of key genes essential for striatal patterning, most notably the striatally-enriched transcription factor B-cell leukemia 11b (Bcl11b). The data also reveal that the down-regulated expression of Bcl11b in HPRT-deficient immortalized mouse striatal (STHdh) neural stem cells is accompanied by aberrant expression of some of its transcriptional partners and other striatally-enriched genes, including the gene encoding dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32, (DARPP-32). Furthermore, we demonstrate that components of the BDNF/TrkB signaling, a known activator of DARPP-32 striatal expression and effector of Bcl11b transcriptional activation are markedly increased in HPRT-deficient cells and in the striatum of HPRT knockout mouse. Consequently, the HPRT-deficient cells display superior protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These findings suggest that the purine metabolic defect caused by HPRT-deficiency, while it may provide neuroprotection to striatal neurons, affects key genes and signaling pathways that may underlie the neuropathogenesis of LNS.
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