1
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Miller SJ, Darji RY, Walaieh S, Lewis JA, Logan R. Senolytic and senomorphic secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents in Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1271941. [PMID: 37840914 PMCID: PMC10568035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1271941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model organism for a wide range of biological exploration. The well-known advantages of D. melanogaster include its relatively simple biology, the ease with which it is genetically modified, the relatively low financial and time costs associated with their short gestation and life cycles, and the large number of offspring they produce per generation. D. melanogaster has facilitated the discovery of many significant insights into the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has served as an excellent preclinical model of PD-related therapeutic discovery. In this review, we provide an overview of the major D. melanogaster models of PD, each of which provide unique insights into PD-relevant pathology and therapeutic targets. These models are discussed in the context of their past, current, and future potential use for studying the utility of secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents in PD. Over the last decade, senolytics have garnered an exponential interest in their ability to mitigate a broad spectrum of diseases, including PD. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the senolytic and senomorphic properties of secondary metabolites. It is expected that D. melanogaster will continue to be critical in the effort to understand and improve treatment of PD, including their involvement in translational studies focused on secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rayyan Y. Darji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sami Walaieh
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Jhemerial A. Lewis
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
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2
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Mullenger JL, Zeidler MP, Fragiadaki M. Evaluating the Molecular Properties and Function of ANKHD1, and Its Role in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12834. [PMID: 37629022 PMCID: PMC10454556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and single KH domain-containing protein 1 (ANKHD1) is a large, scaffolding protein composed of two stretches of ankyrin repeat domains that mediate protein-protein interactions and a KH domain that mediates RNA or single-stranded DNA binding. ANKHD1 interacts with proteins in several crucial signalling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, JAK/STAT, mechanosensitive Hippo (YAP/TAZ), and p21. Studies into the role of ANKHD1 in cancer cell lines demonstrate a crucial role in driving uncontrolled cellular proliferation and growth, enhanced tumorigenicity, cell cycle progression through the S phase, and increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, at a clinical level, the increased expression of ANKHD1 has been associated with greater tumour infiltration, increased metastasis, and larger tumours. Elevated ANKHD1 resulted in poorer prognosis, more aggressive growth, and a decrease in patient survival in numerous cancer types. This review aims to gather the current knowledge about ANKHD1 and explore its molecular properties and functions, focusing on the protein's role in cancer at both a cellular and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Mullenger
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Martin P. Zeidler
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Maria Fragiadaki
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University London, London E1 4NS, UK
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3
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Santarelli S, Londero C, Soldano A, Candelaresi C, Todeschini L, Vernizzi L, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases induced by proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1082047. [PMID: 37274187 PMCID: PMC10232775 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1082047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathies are a large group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by both genetic and sporadic mutations in particular genes which can lead to alterations of the protein structure and to the formation of aggregates, especially toxic for neurons. Autophagy is a key mechanism for clearing those aggregates and its function has been strongly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), hence mutations in both pathways have been associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those induced by protein misfolding and accumulation of aggregates. Many crucial discoveries regarding the molecular and cellular events underlying the role of autophagy in these diseases have come from studies using Drosophila models. Indeed, despite the physiological and morphological differences between the fly and the human brain, most of the biochemical and molecular aspects regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy, are conserved between the two species.In this review, we will provide an overview of the most common neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which include PolyQ diseases (Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, and 3), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (C9orf72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS), Alzheimer's disease (APP, Tau) Parkinson's disease (a-syn, parkin and PINK1, LRRK2) and prion diseases, highlighting the studies using Drosophila that have contributed to understanding the conserved mechanisms and elucidating the role of autophagy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santarelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Londero
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Candelaresi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonardo Todeschini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Vernizzi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Doyle T, Jimenez-Guri E, Hawkes WLS, Massy R, Mantica F, Permanyer J, Cozzuto L, Hermoso Pulido T, Baril T, Hayward A, Irimia M, Chapman JW, Bass C, Wotton KR. Genome-wide transcriptomic changes reveal the genetic pathways involved in insect migration. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4332-4350. [PMID: 35801824 PMCID: PMC9546057 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insects are capable of extraordinary feats of long‐distance movement that have profound impacts on the function of terrestrial ecosystems. The ability to undertake these movements arose multiple times through the evolution of a suite of traits that make up the migratory syndrome, however the underlying genetic pathways involved remain poorly understood. Migratory hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are an emerging model group for studies of migration. They undertake seasonal movements in huge numbers across large parts of the globe and are important pollinators, biological control agents and decomposers. Here, we assembled a high‐quality draft genome of the marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus). We leveraged this genomic resource to undertake a genome‐wide transcriptomic comparison of actively migrating Episyrphus, captured from a high mountain pass as they flew south to overwinter, with the transcriptomes of summer forms which were non‐migratory. We identified 1543 genes with very strong evidence for differential expression. Interrogation of this gene set reveals a remarkable range of roles in metabolism, muscle structure and function, hormonal regulation, immunity, stress resistance, flight and feeding behaviour, longevity, reproductive diapause and sensory perception. These features of the migrant phenotype have arisen by the integration and modification of pathways such as insulin signalling for diapause and longevity, JAK/SAT for immunity, and those leading to octopamine production and fuelling to boost flight capabilities. Our results provide a powerful genomic resource for future research, and paint a comprehensive picture of global expression changes in an actively migrating insect, identifying key genomic components involved in this important life‐history strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Doyle
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Jimenez-Guri
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Will L S Hawkes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Massy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Mantica
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Permanyer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Hermoso Pulido
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Baril
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom.,Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Karl R Wotton
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
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5
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Tzou FY, Wen JK, Yeh JY, Huang SY, Chen GC, Chan CC. Drosophila as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases and digestive tract. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:339-360. [PMID: 34874101 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytosolic components and damaged organelles. Disruption of autophagic flux has been shown to induce or facilitate neurodegeneration and accumulation of autophagic vesicles is overt in neurodegenerative diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila has been used as a model system to identify new factors that regulate physiology and disease. Here we provide a historical perspective of how the fly models have offered mechanistic evidence to understand the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, and polyglutamine disorders. Autophagy also plays a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting organism health. The gastrointestinal tract regulates organism health by modulating food intake, energy balance, and immunity. Growing evidence is strengthening the link between autophagy and digestive tract health in recent years. Here, we also discuss how the fly models have advanced the understanding of digestive physiology regulated by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yang Tzou
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kun Wen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Tian X. Enhancing mask activity in dopaminergic neurons extends lifespan in flies. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13493. [PMID: 34626525 PMCID: PMC8590106 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) are essential modulators for brain functions involving memory formation, reward processing, and decision‐making. Here I demonstrate a novel and important function of the DANs in regulating aging and longevity. Overexpressing the putative scaffolding protein Mask in two small groups of DANs in flies can significantly extend the lifespan in flies and sustain adult locomotor and fecundity at old ages. This Mask‐induced beneficial effect requires dopaminergic transmission but cannot be recapitulated by elevating dopamine production alone in the DANs. Independent activation of Gαs in the same two groups of DANs via the drug‐inducible DREADD system also extends fly lifespan, further indicating the connection of specific DANs to aging control. The Mask‐induced lifespan extension appears to depend on the function of Mask to regulate microtubule (MT) stability. A structure–function analysis demonstrated that the ankyrin repeats domain in the Mask protein is both necessary for regulating MT stability (when expressed in muscles and motor neurons) and sufficient to prolong longevity (when expressed in the two groups of DANs). Furthermore, DAN‐specific overexpression of Unc‐104 or knockdown of p150Glued, two independent interventions previously shown to impact MT dynamics, also extends lifespan in flies. Together, these data demonstrated a novel DANs‐dependent mechanism that, upon the tuning of their MT dynamics, modulates systemic aging and longevity in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana USA
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7
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Martinez D, Zhu M, Guidry JJ, Majeste N, Mao H, Yanofsky ST, Tian X, Wu C. Mask, the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein, affects microtubule stability. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272264. [PMID: 34553767 PMCID: PMC8572007 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of microtubule (MT) stability and dynamics is vital for essential cellular processes, including axonal transportation and synaptic growth and remodeling in neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein Mask negatively affects MT stability in both larval muscles and motor neurons. In larval muscles, loss-of-function of mask increases MT polymer length, and in motor neurons, loss of mask function results in overexpansion of the presynaptic terminal at the larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). mask genetically interacts with stathmin (stai), a neuronal modulator of MT stability, in the regulation of axon transportation and synaptic terminal stability. Our structure–function analysis of Mask revealed that its ankyrin repeats domain-containing N-terminal portion is sufficient to mediate Mask's impact on MT stability. Furthermore, we discovered that Mask negatively regulates the abundance of the MT-associated protein Jupiter in motor neuron axons, and that neuronal knocking down of Jupiter partially suppresses mask loss-of-function phenotypes at the larval NMJs. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Mask is a novel regulator for MT stability, and such a role of Mask requires normal function of Jupiter. Summary: Mask is a novel regulator of MT stability in Drosophila. Mask shows prominent interplay with two important modulators of MT, Tau and Stathmin (Stai), whose mutations are related to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martinez
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Proteomics Core Facility, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Niles Majeste
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sarah T Yanofsky
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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8
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Vos M, Klein C. The Importance of Drosophila melanogaster Research to UnCover Cellular Pathways Underlying Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:579. [PMID: 33800736 PMCID: PMC7998316 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an excellent model in these studies. In this review, we will discuss the different PD models in flies and key findings identified in flies in different affected pathways in PD. Several molecular changes have been identified, of which mitochondrial dysfunction and a defective endo-lysosomal pathway emerge to be the most relevant for PD pathogenesis. Studies in flies have significantly contributed to our knowledge of how disease genes affect and interact in these pathways enabling a better understanding of the disease etiology and providing possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD, some of which have already resulted in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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9
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Pareek G, Pallanck LJ. Inactivation of the mitochondrial protease Afg3l2 results in severely diminished respiratory chain activity and widespread defects in mitochondrial gene expression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009118. [PMID: 33075064 PMCID: PMC7595625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The m-AAA proteases play a critical role in the proteostasis of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins, and mutations in the genes encoding these proteases cause severe incurable neurological diseases. To further explore the biological role of the m-AAA proteases and the pathological consequences of their deficiency, we used a genetic approach in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to inactivate the ATPase family gene 3-like 2 (AFG3L2) gene, which encodes a critical component of the m-AAA proteases. We found that null alleles of Drosophila AFG3L2 die early in development, but partial inactivation of AFG3L2 using RNAi allowed survival to the late pupal and adult stages of development. Flies with partial inactivation of AFG3L2 exhibited behavioral defects, neurodegeneration, accumulation of unfolded mitochondrial proteins, and diminished respiratory chain (RC) activity. Further work revealed that the reduced RC activity was primarily a consequence of severely diminished mitochondrial transcription and translation. These defects were accompanied by activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mito-UPR) and autophagy. Overexpression of mito-UPR components partially rescued the AFG3L2-deficient phenotypes, indicating that protein aggregation partly accounts for the defects of AFG3L2-deficient animals. Our work suggests that strategies designed to activate mitochondrial stress pathways and mitochondrial gene expression could be therapeutic in the diseases caused by mutations in AFG3L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Pareek
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Leo J. Pallanck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Almeida BOD, Machado-Neto JA. Emerging functions for ANKHD1 in cancer-related signaling pathways and cellular processes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32635985 PMCID: PMC7473474 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.8.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ANKHD1 (ankyrin repeat and KH domain containing 1) is a large protein characterized by the presence of multiple ankyrin repeats and a K-homology domain. Ankyrin repeat domains consist of widely existing protein motifs in nature, they mediate protein-protein interactions and regulate fundamental biological processes, while the KH domain binds to RNA or ssDNA and is associated with transcriptional and translational regulation. In recent years, studies containing relevant information on ANKHD1 in cancer biology and its clinical relevance, as well as the increasing complexity of signaling networks in which this protein acts, have been reported. Among the signaling pathways of interest in oncology regulated by ANKHD1 are Hippo signaling, JAK/STAT, and STMN1. The scope of the present review is to survey the current knowledge and high-light future perspectives for ANKHD1 in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, exploring biological, functional, and clinical reports of this protein in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Oliveira de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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11
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de Almeida BO, Machado-Neto JA. Emerging functions for ANKHD1 in cancer-related signaling pathways and cellular processes. BMB Rep 2020; 53:413-418. [PMID: 32635985 PMCID: PMC7473474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ANKHD1 (ankyrin repeat and KH domain containing 1) is a large protein characterized by the presence of multiple ankyrin repeats and a K-homology domain. Ankyrin repeat domains consist of widely existing protein motifs in nature, they mediate protein-protein interactions and regulate fundamental biological processes, while the KH domain binds to RNA or ssDNA and is associated with transcriptional and translational regulation. In recent years, studies containing relevant information on ANKHD1 in cancer biology and its clinical relevance, as well as the increasing complexity of signaling networks in which this protein acts, have been reported. Among the signaling pathways of interest in oncology regulated by ANKHD1 are Hippo signaling, JAK/STAT, and STMN1. The scope of the present review is to survey the current knowledge and highlight future perspectives for ANKHD1 in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, exploring biological, functional, and clinical reports of this protein in cancer. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(8): 413-418].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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12
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DeAngelis MW, McGhie EW, Coolon JD, Johnson RI. Mask, a component of the Hippo pathway, is required for Drosophila eye morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2020; 464:53-70. [PMID: 32464117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an important regulator of tissue size, but it also has a lesser-known role in tissue morphogenesis. Here we use the Drosophila pupal eye to explore the role of the Hippo effector Yki and its cofactor Mask in morphogenesis. We found that Mask is required for the correct distribution and accumulation of adherens junctions and appropriate organization of the cytoskeleton. Accordingly, disrupting mask expression led to severe mis-patterning and similar defects were observed when yki was reduced or in response to ectopic wts. Further, the patterning defects generated by reducing mask expression were modified by Hippo pathway activity. RNA-sequencing revealed a requirement for Mask for appropriate expression of numerous genes during eye morphogenesis. These included genes implicated in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, a comprehensive set of genes that promote cell survival, and numerous signal transduction genes. To validate our transcriptome analyses, we then considered two loci that were modified by Mask activity: FER and Vinc, which have established roles in regulating adhesion. Modulating the expression of either locus modified mask mis-patterning and adhesion phenotypes. Further, expression of FER and Vinc was modified by Yki. It is well-established that the Hippo pathway is responsive to changes in cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton, but our data indicate that Hippo signaling also regulates these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles W DeAngelis
- Wesleyan University Department of Biology, Middletown CT, 06457, USA.
| | - Emily W McGhie
- Wesleyan University Department of Biology, Middletown CT, 06457, USA.
| | - Joseph D Coolon
- Wesleyan University Department of Biology, Middletown CT, 06457, USA.
| | - Ruth I Johnson
- Wesleyan University Department of Biology, Middletown CT, 06457, USA.
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13
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Pirooznia SK, Yuan C, Khan MR, Karuppagounder SS, Wang L, Xiong Y, Kang SU, Lee Y, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. PARIS induced defects in mitochondrial biogenesis drive dopamine neuron loss under conditions of parkin or PINK1 deficiency. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32138754 PMCID: PMC7057660 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in PINK1 and parkin cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence placing PINK1 and parkin in common pathways regulating multiple aspects of mitochondrial quality control is burgeoning. However, compelling evidence to causatively link specific PINK1/parkin dependent mitochondrial pathways to dopamine neuron degeneration in PD is lacking. Although PINK1 and parkin are known to regulate mitophagy, emerging data suggest that defects in mitophagy are unlikely to be of pathological relevance. Mitochondrial functions of PINK1 and parkin are also tied to their proteasomal regulation of specific substrates. In this study, we examined how PINK1/parkin mediated regulation of the pathogenic substrate PARIS impacts dopaminergic mitochondrial network homeostasis and neuronal survival in Drosophila. METHODS The UAS-Gal4 system was employed for cell-type specific expression of the various transgenes. Effects on dopamine neuronal survival and function were assessed by anti-TH immunostaining and negative geotaxis assays. Mitochondrial effects were probed by quantitative analysis of mito-GFP labeled dopaminergic mitochondria, assessment of mitochondrial abundance in dopamine neurons isolated by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and qRT-PCR analysis of dopaminergic factors that promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Statistical analyses employed two-tailed Student's T-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA as required and data considered significant when P < 0.05. RESULTS We show that defects in mitochondrial biogenesis drive adult onset progressive loss of dopamine neurons and motor deficits in Drosophila models of PINK1 or parkin insufficiency. Such defects result from PARIS dependent repression of dopaminergic PGC-1α and its downstream transcription factors NRF1 and TFAM that cooperatively promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Dopaminergic accumulation of human or Drosophila PARIS recapitulates these neurodegenerative phenotypes that are effectively reversed by PINK1, parkin or PGC-1α overexpression in vivo. To our knowledge, PARIS is the only co-substrate of PINK1 and parkin to specifically accumulate in the DA neurons and cause neurodegeneration and locomotor defects stemming from disrupted dopamine signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a highly conserved role for PINK1 and parkin in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and promoting mitochondrial health via the PARIS/ PGC-1α axis. The Drosophila models described here effectively recapitulate the cardinal PD phenotypes and thus will facilitate identification of novel regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis for physiologically relevant therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K. Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
| | - Changqing Yuan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
| | - Luan Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
| | - Yulan Xiong
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Sung Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Departments of Physiology, Baltimore, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 731, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Iowa City, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685 USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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14
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Brown JL, Perry RA, Shimkus KL, Shirazi-Fard Y, Brown LA, Hogan HA, Fluckey JD, Washington TA, Wiggs MP, Greene NP. Regulation of mitochondrial quality following repeated bouts of hindlimb unloading. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:264-274. [PMID: 31340136 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscle disuse impairs muscle quality and is associated with increased mortality. Little is known regarding additive effects of multiple bouts of disuse, which is a common occurrence in patients experiencing multiple surgeries. Mitochondrial quality is vital to muscle health and quality; however, to date mitochondrial quality control has not been investigated following multiple bouts of disuse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate mitochondrial quality controllers during multiple bouts of disuse by hindlimb unloading. Male rats (n ∼ 8/group) were assigned to the following groups: hindlimb unloading for 28 days, hindlimb unloading with 56 days of reloading, 2 bouts of hindlimb unloading separated by a recovery phase of 56 days of reloading, 2 bouts of hindlimb unloading and recovery after each disuse, or control animals with no unloading. At designated time points, tissues were collected for messenger RNA and protein analysis of mitochondrial quality. Measures of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha, decreased 30%-40% with unloading with no differences noted between unloading conditions. Measures of mitochondrial translation were 40%-50% lower in unloading conditions, with no differences noted between bouts of unloading. Measures of mitophagy were 40%-50% lower with reloading, with no differences noted between reloading conditions. In conclusion, disuse causes alterations in measures of mitochondrial quality; however, multiple bouts of disuse does not appear to have additive effects. Novelty Disuse atrophy causes multiple alterations to mitochondrial quality control. With sufficient recovery most detriments to mitochondrial quality control are fixed. In general, multiple bouts of disuse do not produce additive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Richard A Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kevin L Shimkus
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lemuel A Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Harry A Hogan
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - James D Fluckey
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Michael P Wiggs
- Integrated Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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15
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SerThr-PhosphoProteome of Brain from Aged PINK1-KO+A53T-SNCA Mice Reveals pT1928-MAP1B and pS3781-ANK2 Deficits, as Hub between Autophagy and Synapse Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133284. [PMID: 31277379 PMCID: PMC6651490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be triggered by an autosomal dominant overdose of alpha-Synuclein (SNCA) as stressor or the autosomal recessive deficiency of PINK1 Serine/Threonine-phosphorylation activity as stress-response. We demonstrated the combination of PINK1-knockout with overexpression of SNCAA53T in double mutant (DM) mice to exacerbate locomotor deficits and to reduce lifespan. To survey posttranslational modifications of proteins underlying the pathology, brain hemispheres of old DM mice underwent quantitative label-free global proteomic mass spectrometry, focused on Ser/Thr-phosphorylations. As an exceptionally strong effect, we detected >300-fold reductions of phosphoThr1928 in MAP1B, a microtubule-associated protein, and a similar reduction of phosphoSer3781 in ANK2, an interactor of microtubules. MAP1B depletion is known to trigger perturbations of microtubular mitochondria trafficking, neurite extension, and synaptic function, so it was noteworthy that relevantly decreased phosphorylation was also detected for other microtubule and microfilament factors, namely MAP2S1801, MARK1S394, MAP1AT1794, KIF1AS1537, 4.1NS541, 4.1GS86, and ADD2S528. While the MAP1B heavy chain supports regeneration and growth cones, its light chain assists DAPK1-mediated autophagy. Interestingly, relevant phosphorylation decreases of DAPK2S299, VPS13DS2429, and VPS13CS2480 in the DM brain affected regulators of autophagy, which are implicated in PD. Overall, significant downregulations were enriched for PFAM C2 domains, other kinases, and synaptic transmission factors upon automated bioinformatics, while upregulations were not enriched for selective motifs or pathways. Validation experiments confirmed the change of LC3 processing as reflection of excessive autophagy in DM brain, and dependence of ANK2/MAP1B expression on PINK1 levels. Our new data provide independent confirmation in a mouse model with combined PARK1/PARK4/PARK6 pathology that MAP1B/ANK2 phosphorylation events are implicated in Parkinsonian neurodegeneration. These findings expand on previous observations in Drosophila melanogaster that the MAP1B ortholog futsch in the presynapse is a primary target of the PARK8 protein LRRK2, and on a report that MAP1B is a component of the pathological Lewy body aggregates in PD patient brains. Similarly, ANK2 gene locus variants are associated with the risk of PD, ANK2 interacts with PINK1/Parkin-target proteins such as MIRO1 or ATP1A2, and ANK2-derived peptides are potent inhibitors of autophagy.
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16
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Kitamata M, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Maruyama K, Suetsugu S. Membrane-Deformation Ability of ANKHD1 Is Involved in the Early Endosome Enlargement. iScience 2019; 17:101-118. [PMID: 31255983 PMCID: PMC6606961 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin-repeat domains (ARDs) are conserved in large numbers of proteins. ARDs are composed of various numbers of ankyrin repeats (ANKs). ARDs often adopt curved structures reminiscent of the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain, which is the dimeric scaffold for membrane tubulation. BAR domains sometimes have amphipathic helices for membrane tubulation and vesiculation. However, it is unclear whether ARD-containing proteins exhibit similar membrane deformation properties. We found that the ARD of ANK and KH domain-containing protein 1 (ANKHD1) dimerize and deform membranes into tubules and vesicles. Among 25 ANKs of ANKHD1, the first 15 ANKs can form a dimer and the latter 10 ANKs enable membrane tubulation and vesiculation through an adjacent amphipathic helix and a predicted curved structure with a positively charged surface, analogous to BAR domains. Knockdown and localization of ANKHD1 suggested its involvement in the negative regulation of early endosome enlargement owing to its membrane vesiculation. ANKHD1 is a large protein of 270 kDa, containing 25 ankyrin repeats ANKHD1 generates membrane tubules and vesicles by its ankyrin-repeat domain (ARD). The ARD has an amphipathic helix and a predicted curved structure, like BAR domains ANKHD1 negatively regulates early endosome enlargement by its vesiculation ability
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kitamata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
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17
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Fragiadaki M, Zeidler MP. Ankyrin repeat and single KH domain 1 (ANKHD1) drives renal cancer cell proliferation via binding to and altering a subset of miRNAs. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9570-9579. [PMID: 29695508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most common kidney cancer worldwide. Increased cell proliferation associated with abnormal microRNA (miRNA) regulation are hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Ankyrin repeat and single KH domain 1 (ANKHD1) is a highly conserved protein found to interact with core cancer pathways in Drosophila; however, its involvement in RCC is completely unexplored. Quantitative PCR studies coupled with large-scale genomics data sets demonstrated that ANKHD1 is significantly up-regulated in kidneys of RCC patients when compared with healthy controls. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ANKHD1 is an essential factor for RCC cell division. To understand the molecular mechanism(s) utilized by ANKHD1 to drive proliferation, we performed bioinformatics analyses that revealed that ANKHD1 contains a putative miRNA-binding motif. We screened 48 miRNAs with tumor-enhancing or -suppressing activities and found that ANKHD1 binds to and regulates three tumor-suppressing miRNAs (i.e. miR-29a, miR-205, and miR-196a). RNA-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that ANKHD1 physically interacts with its target miRNAs via a single K-homology domain, located in the C terminus of the protein. Functionally, we discovered that ANKHD1 positively drives ccRCC cell mitosis via binding to and suppressing mainly miR-29a and to a lesser degree via miR-196a/205, leading to up-regulation in proliferative genes such as CCDN1. Collectively, these data identify ANKHD1 as a new regulator of ccRCC proliferation via specific miRNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fragiadaki
- From the Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom and .,the Bateson Centre, Departments of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P Zeidler
- the Bateson Centre, Departments of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhu M, Zhang S, Tian X, Wu C. Mask mitigates MAPT- and FUS-induced degeneration by enhancing autophagy through lysosomal acidification. Autophagy 2017; 13:1924-1938. [PMID: 28806139 PMCID: PMC5788473 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1362524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular misfolded or damaged proteins is associated with both normal aging and late-onset degenerative diseases. Two cellular clearance mechanisms, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal pathway, work in concert to degrade harmful protein aggregates and maintain protein homeostasis. Here we show that Mask, an Ankyrin-repeat and KH-domain containing protein, plays a key role in promoting autophagy flux and mitigating degeneration caused by protein aggregation or impaired UPS function. In Drosophila eye models of human tauopathy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases, loss of Mask function enhanced, while gain of Mask function mitigated, eye degenerations induced by eye-specific expression of human pathogenic MAPT/TAU or FUS proteins. The fly larval muscle, a more accessible tissue, was then used to study the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo. We found that Mask modulates the global abundance of K48- and K63-ubiquitinated proteins by regulating autophagy-lysosome-mediated degradation, but not UPS function. Indeed, upregulation of Mask compensated the partial loss of UPS function. We further demonstrate that Mask promotes autophagic flux by enhancing lysosomal function, and that Mask is necessary and sufficient for promoting the expression levels of the proton-pumping vacuolar (V)-type ATPases in a TFEB-independent manner. Moreover, the beneficial effects conferred by Mask expression on the UPS dysfunction and neurodegenerative models depend on intact autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Our findings highlight the importance of lysosome acidification in cellular surveillance mechanisms and establish a model for exploring strategies to mitigate neurodegeneration by boosting lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhu
- a Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- b The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- a Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Chunlai Wu
- a Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
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19
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miR-285-Yki/Mask double-negative feedback loop mediates blood-brain barrier integrity in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2365-E2374. [PMID: 28265104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613233114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is highly conserved from Drosophila to mammals and plays a central role in maintaining organ size and tissue homeostasis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) physiologically isolates the brain from circulating blood or the hemolymph system, and its integrity is strictly maintained to perform sophisticated neuronal functions. Until now, the underlying mechanisms of subperineurial glia (SPG) growth and BBB maintenance during development are not clear. Here, we report an miR-285-Yorkie (Yki)/Multiple Ankyrin repeats Single KH domain (Mask) double-negative feedback loop that regulates SPG growth and BBB integrity. Flies with a loss of miR-285 have a defective BBB with increased SPG ploidy and disruptive septate junctions. Mechanistically, miR-285 directly targets the Yki cofactor Mask to suppress Yki activity and down-regulates the expression of its downstream target cyclin E, a key regulator of cell cycle. Disturbance of cyclin E expression in SPG causes abnormal endoreplication, which leads to aberrant DNA ploidy and defective septate junctions. Moreover, the expression of miR-285 is increased by knockdown of yki or mask and is decreased with yki overexpression, thus forming a double-negative feedback loop. This regulatory loop is crucial for sustaining an appropriate Yki/Mask activity and cyclin E level to maintain SPG ploidy and BBB integrity. Perturbation of this signaling loop, either by dysregulated miR-285 expression or Yki activity, causes irregular SPG ploidy and BBB disruption. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-285 promotes canonical Hippo pathway-mediated apoptosis independent of the p53 or JNK pathway. Collectively, these results reveal an exquisite regulatory mechanism for BBB maintenance through an miR-285-Yki/Mask regulatory circuit.
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