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Domaniku-Waraich A, Agca S, Toledo B, Sucuoglu M, Özen SD, Bilgic SN, Arabaci DH, Kashgari AE, Kir S. Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101498. [PMID: 38569555 PMCID: PMC11031427 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Progressive weakness and muscle loss are associated with multiple chronic conditions, including muscular dystrophy and cancer. Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by dramatic weight loss and fatigue, leads to reduced quality of life and poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in muscle atrophy; however, available anticytokine therapies failed to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy. OSM triggers cellular atrophy in primary myotubes using the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Identification of OSM targets by RNA sequencing reveals the induction of various muscle atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1. OSM overexpression in mice causes muscle wasting, whereas muscle-specific deletion of the OSM receptor (OSMR) and the neutralization of circulating OSM preserves muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicate that activated OSM/OSMR signaling drives muscle atrophy, and the therapeutic targeting of this pathway may be useful in preventing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Batu Toledo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Melis Sucuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Dilsad Hilal Arabaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Aynur Erkin Kashgari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye.
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2
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Gao S, Huang S, Zhang Y, Fang G, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Du J. The transcriptional regulator KLF15 is necessary for myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration by activating FKBP5. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105226. [PMID: 37673339 PMCID: PMC10622842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful muscle regeneration following injury is essential for functional homeostasis of skeletal muscles. Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a metabolic transcriptional regulator in the muscles. However, little is known regarding its function in muscle regeneration. Here, we examined microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which indicated downregulated KLF15 in muscles from patients with various muscle diseases. Additionally, we found that Klf15 knockout (Klf15KO) impaired muscle regeneration following injury in mice. Furthermore, KLF15 expression was robustly induced during myoblast differentiation. Myoblasts with KLF15 deficiency showed a marked reduction in their fusion capacity. Unbiased transcriptome analysis of muscles on day 7 postinjury revealed downregulated genes involved in cell differentiation and metabolic processes in Klf15KO muscles. The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a positive regulator of myoblast differentiation, was ranked as one of the most strongly downregulated genes in the Klf15KO group. A mechanistic search revealed that KLF15 binds directly to the promoter region of FKBP5 and activates FKBP5 expression. Local delivery of FKBP5 rescued the impaired muscle regeneration in Klf15KO mice. Our findings reveal a positive regulatory role of KLF15 in myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration by activating FKBP5 expression. KLF15 signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for muscle disorders associated with injuries or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Du
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Gilmore LA, Parry TL, Thomas GA, Khamoui AV. Skeletal muscle omics signatures in cancer cachexia: perspectives and opportunities. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:30-42. [PMID: 37139970 PMCID: PMC10157770 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer that occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer. Cachexia reflects the systemic consequences of cancer and prominently features unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Cachexia impairs cancer treatment tolerance, lowers quality of life, and contributes to cancer-related mortality. Effective treatments for cancer cachexia are lacking despite decades of research. High-throughput omics technologies are increasingly implemented in many fields including cancer cachexia to stimulate discovery of disease biology and inform therapy choice. In this paper, we present selected applications of omics technologies as tools to study skeletal muscle alterations in cancer cachexia. We discuss how comprehensive, omics-derived molecular profiles were used to discern muscle loss in cancer cachexia compared with other muscle-wasting conditions, to distinguish cancer cachexia from treatment-related muscle alterations, and to reveal severity-specific mechanisms during the progression of cancer cachexia from early toward severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Gwendolyn A Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
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4
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Li F, Zhang Y, Li R, Li Y, Ding S, Zhou J, Huang T, Chen C, Lu B, Yu W, Boltze J, Li P, Wan J. Neuronal Serpina3n is an endogenous protector against blood brain barrier damage following cerebral ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:241-257. [PMID: 36457151 PMCID: PMC9903218 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke results in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, during which the reciprocal interaction between ischemic neurons and components of the BBB appears to play a critical role. However, the underlying mechanisms for BBB protection remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that Serpina3n, a serine protease inhibitor, was significantly upregulated in the ischemic brain, predominantly in ischemic neurons from 6 hours to 3 days after stroke. Using neuron-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV), intranasal delivery of recombinant protein, and immune-deficient Rag1-/- mice, we demonstrated that Serpina3n attenuated BBB disruption and immune cell infiltration following stroke by inhibiting the activity of granzyme B (GZMB) and neutrophil elastase (NE) secreted by T cells and neutrophils. Furthermore, we found that intranasal delivery of rSerpina3n significantly attenuated the neurologic deficits after stroke. In conclusion, Serpina3n is a novel ischemic neuron-derived proteinase inhibitor that counterbalances BBB disruption induced by peripheral T cell and neutrophil infiltration after ischemic stroke. These findings reveal a novel endogenous protective mechanism against BBB damage with Serpina3n being a potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghao Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianpo Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchen Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqing Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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McCourt JL, Stearns-Reider KM, Mamsa H, Kannan P, Afsharinia MH, Shu C, Gibbs EM, Shin KM, Kurmangaliyev YZ, Schmitt LR, Hansen KC, Crosbie RH. Multi-omics analysis of sarcospan overexpression in mdx skeletal muscle reveals compensatory remodeling of cytoskeleton-matrix interactions that promote mechanotransduction pathways. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36609344 PMCID: PMC9817407 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a critical adhesion complex of the muscle cell membrane, providing a mechanical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cortical cytoskeleton that stabilizes the sarcolemma during repeated muscle contractions. One integral component of the DGC is the transmembrane protein, sarcospan (SSPN). Overexpression of SSPN in the skeletal muscle of mdx mice (murine model of DMD) restores muscle fiber attachment to the ECM in part through an associated increase in utrophin and integrin adhesion complexes at the cell membrane, protecting the muscle from contraction-induced injury. In this study, we utilized transcriptomic and ECM protein-optimized proteomics data sets from wild-type, mdx, and mdx transgenic (mdxTG) skeletal muscle tissues to identify pathways and proteins driving the compensatory action of SSPN overexpression. METHODS The tibialis anterior and quadriceps muscles were isolated from wild-type, mdx, and mdxTG mice and subjected to bulk RNA-Seq and global proteomics analysis using methods to enhance capture of ECM proteins. Data sets were further analyzed through the ingenuity pathway analysis (QIAGEN) and integrative gene set enrichment to identify candidate networks, signaling pathways, and upstream regulators. RESULTS Through our multi-omics approach, we identified 3 classes of differentially expressed genes and proteins in mdxTG muscle, including those that were (1) unrestored (significantly different from wild type, but not from mdx), (2) restored (significantly different from mdx, but not from wild type), and (3) compensatory (significantly different from both wild type and mdx). We identified signaling pathways that may contribute to the rescue phenotype, most notably cytoskeleton and ECM organization pathways. ECM-optimized proteomics revealed an increased abundance of collagens II, V, and XI, along with β-spectrin in mdxTG samples. Using ingenuity pathway analysis, we identified upstream regulators that are computationally predicted to drive compensatory changes, revealing a possible mechanism of SSPN rescue through a rewiring of cell-ECM bidirectional communication. We found that SSPN overexpression results in upregulation of key signaling molecules associated with regulation of cytoskeleton organization and mechanotransduction, including Yap1, Sox9, Rho, RAC, and Wnt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SSPN overexpression rescues dystrophin deficiency partially through mechanotransduction signaling cascades mediated through components of the ECM and the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L. McCourt
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kristen M. Stearns-Reider
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Hafsa Mamsa
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Afsharinia
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Cynthia Shu
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Gibbs
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kara M. Shin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yerbol Z. Kurmangaliyev
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lauren R. Schmitt
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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6
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Wang Y, Lu J, Liu Y. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113380. [PMID: 36362166 PMCID: PMC9657523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries occur frequently in daily life and exercise. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration is critical for accelerating the repair and regeneration of muscle. Therefore, this article reviews knowledge on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. The process of regeneration is similar in different mouse strains and is inhibited by aging, obesity, and diabetes. Exercise, microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation, and mechanical loading improve regeneration. The mechanisms of regeneration are complex and strain-dependent, and changes in functional proteins involved in the processes of necrotic fiber debris clearance, M1 to M2 macrophage conversion, SC activation, myoblast proliferation, differentiation and fusion, and fibrosis and calcification influence the final outcome of the regenerative activity.
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7
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West PK, Viengkhou B, Campbell IL, Hofer MJ. Microglia shield the murine brain from damage mediated by the cytokines IL-6 and IFN-α. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1036799. [PMID: 36389783 PMCID: PMC9650248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained production of elevated levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 or interferon (IFN)-α in the central nervous system (CNS) is detrimental and directly contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders or cerebral interferonopathies, respectively. Using transgenic mice with CNS-targeted production of IL-6 (GFAP-IL6) or IFN-α (GFAP-IFN), we have recently demonstrated that microglia are prominent target and effector cells and mount stimulus-specific responses to these cytokines. In order to further clarify the phenotype and function of these cells, we treated GFAP-IL6 and GFAP-IFN mice with the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia. We examined their ability to recover from acute microglia depletion, as well as the impact of chronic microglia depletion on the progression of disease. Following acute depletion in the brains of GFAP-IL6 mice, microglia repopulation was enhanced, while in GFAP-IFN mice, microglia did not repopulate the brain. Furthermore, chronic CSF1R inhibition was detrimental to the brain of GFAP-IL6 and GFAP-IFN mice and gave rise to severe CNS calcification which strongly correlated with the absence of microglia. In addition, PLX5622-treated GFAP-IFN mice had markedly reduced survival. Our findings provide evidence for novel microglia functions to protect against IFN-α-mediated neurotoxicity and neuronal dysregulation, as well as restrain calcification as a result of both IL-6- and IFN-α-induced neuroinflammation. Taken together, we demonstrate that CSF1R inhibition may be an undesirable target for therapeutic treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases that are driven by elevated IL-6 and IFN-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Markus J. Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and the Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Khamoui AV, Tokmina-Roszyk D, Feresin RG, Fields GB, Visavadiya NP. Skeletal muscle proteome expression differentiates severity of cancer cachexia in mice and identifies loss of fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100157. [PMID: 35289490 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TMT-based quantitative proteomics was used to examine protein expression in skeletal muscle from mice with moderate and severe cancer cachexia to study mechanisms underlying varied cachexia severity. Weight loss of 10% (moderate) and 20% (severe) was induced by injection of colon-26 cancer cells in 10-week old Balb/c mice. In moderate cachexia, enriched pathways reflected fibrin formation, integrin/MAPK signaling, and innate immune system, suggesting an acute phase response and fibrosis. These pathways remained enriched in severe cachexia, however, energy-yielding pathways housed in mitochondria were prominent additions to the severe state. These enrichments suggest distinct muscle proteome expression patterns that differentiate cachexia severity. When analyzed with two other mouse models, eight differentially expressed targets were shared including Serpina3n, Sypl2, Idh3a, Acox1, Col6a1, Myoz3, Ugp2, and Slc41a3. Acox1 and Idh3a control lipid oxidation and NADH generation in the TCA cycle, respectively, and Col6a1 comprises part of type VI collagen with reported profibrotic functions, suggesting influential roles in cachexia. A potential target was identified in FXR1, an RNA-binding protein not previously implicated in cancer cachexia. FXR1 decreased in cachexia and related linearly with weight change and myofiber size. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms associated with cachexia severity and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Dorota Tokmina-Roszyk
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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9
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Amici DR, Pinal-Fernandez I, Christopher-Stine L, Mammen AL, Mendillo ML. A network of core and subtype-specific gene expression programs in myositis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:887-898. [PMID: 34499219 PMCID: PMC8555743 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myositis comprises a heterogeneous group of skeletal muscle disorders which converge on chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. Our understanding of myositis pathogenesis is limited, and many myositis patients lack effective therapies. Using muscle biopsy transcriptome profiles from 119 myositis patients (spanning major clinical and serological disease subtypes) and 20 normal controls, we generated a co-expression network of 8101 dynamically regulated transcripts. This network organized the myositis transcriptome into a map of gene expression modules representing interrelated biological processes and disease signatures. Universally myositis-upregulated network modules included muscle regeneration, specific cytokine signatures, the acute phase response, and neutrophil degranulation. Universally myositis-suppressed pathways included a specific subset of myofilaments, the mitochondrial envelope, and nuclear isoforms of the anti-apoptotic humanin protein. Myositis subtype-specific modules included type 1 interferon signaling and titin (dermatomyositis), RNA processing (antisynthetase syndrome), and vasculogenesis (inclusion body myositis). Importantly, therapies exist to target influential proteins in many myositis-dysregulated modules, and nearly all modules contained understudied proteins and non-coding RNAs - many of which were extraordinarily dysregulated in myositis and may represent novel therapeutic targets. Finally, we apply our network to patient classification, finding that a deep learning algorithm trained on patient-level network "images" successfully assigned patients to clinical groups and further into molecular subclusters. Altogether, we provide a global resource to probe and contextualize differential gene expression in myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Amici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- Muscle Disease Unit, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Christopher-Stine
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Mammen
- Muscle Disease Unit, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Ishida M, Kawao N, Mizukami Y, Takafuji Y, Kaji H. Serpinb1a suppresses osteoclast formation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101004. [PMID: 33997318 PMCID: PMC8100536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serpinb1a, a serine protease inhibitor family protein, has been implicated in immunoregulation and several metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity; however, its roles in bone remain unknown. Therefore, we herein investigated the physiological functions of Serpinb1a in osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation using mouse cell lines. Serpinb1a overexpression markedly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)- and calcitonin receptor-positive multinucleated cells increased by receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in mouse preosteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it significantly decreased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), TRAP and cathepsin K in these cells. Regarding osteoblasts, Serpinb1a overexpression significantly reduced the mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin as well as ALP activity induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in mouse mesenchymal ST2 cells, although it did not alter osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Concerning the pathophysiological relevance of Serpinb1a, Serpinb1a mRNA levels were decreased in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice 4 weeks after bilateral sciatic nerve resection. In conclusion, we herein revealed for the first time that Serpinb1a inhibited osteoclast formation induced by RANKL in RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed BMP-2-induced ALP activity in ST2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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11
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Tran M, Wu J, Wang L, Shin DJ. A Potential Role for SerpinA3N in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:277-285. [PMID: 33436521 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used pain and fever reliever but is also the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver injury. The mechanism pertaining acetaminophen toxicity has been well documented, whereas mechanisms of hepatotoxicity are not well established. Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3N (SerpinA3N), a serine protease inhibitor, is synthesized in the liver but the role of SerpinA3N in relation to APAP-induced liver injury is not known. Wild-type and hepatocyte-specific SerpinA3N knockout (HKO) mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of PBS or APAP (400 mg/kg) for 12 hours, and markers of liver injury, cell death, and inflammation were assessed. SerpinA3N expression was highly induced in mice with APAP overdose. SerpinA3N HKO mice had diminished liver injury and necrosis as shown by lower alanine aminotransferase and interleukin-6 levels, accompanied by suppressed inflammatory cytokines and reduced neutrophil infiltration. The reduced oxidative stress was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme capabilities. Taken together, hepatocyte SerpinA3N deficiency reduced APAP-induced liver injury by ameliorating inflammation and modulating the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase-unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 signaling pathway. Our study provides novel insights into a potential role for SerpinA3N in APAP-induced liver injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our studies indicate that serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3N (SerpinA3N) may have a pathophysiological role in modulating acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. More specifically, mice with hepatic deletion of SerpinA3N suppressed inflammation and liver injury to reduce APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Controlling the inflammatory response offers possible approaches for novel therapeutics; therefore, understanding the pathophysiological role of SerpinA3N in inducing liver injury may add to the development of more efficacious treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.T., J.W., D.-J.S.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (L.W.)
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.T., J.W., D.-J.S.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (L.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.T., J.W., D.-J.S.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (L.W.)
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.T., J.W., D.-J.S.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (L.W.)
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12
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Marked Increased Production of Acute Phase Reactants by Skeletal Muscle during Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113221. [PMID: 33142864 PMCID: PMC7693727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Muscle wasting during cancer is recognized as an independent predictor of mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in the muscle secretome associated with cancer cachexia to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and to identify secreted proteins which may reflect this wasting process. Our study demonstrated that skeletal muscle is a source of several acute phase reactants during cancer cachexia that may hold the key to a cachexia-specific signature. Future work will have to determine whether some of these acute phase reactants contribute to and/or reflect the muscle atrophy caused by cancer, therefore representing potential therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of cancer cachexia. Abstract Loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer cachexia is recognized as a predictor of mortality. This study aimed to characterize the changes in the muscle secretome associated with cancer cachexia to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and to identify secreted proteins which may reflect this wasting process. The changes in the muscle proteome of the C26 model were investigated by label-free proteomic analysis followed by a bioinformatic analysis in order to identify potentially secreted proteins. Multiple reaction monitoring and Western blotting were used to verify the presence of candidate proteins in the circulation. Our results revealed a marked increased muscular production of several acute phase reactants (APR: Haptoglobin, Serine protease inhibitor A3N, Complement C3, Serum amyloid A-1 protein) which are released in the circulation during C26 cancer cachexia. This was confirmed in other models of cancer cachexia as well as in cancer patients. Glucocorticoids and proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for an increased production of APR by muscle cells. Finally, their muscular expressions are strongly positively correlated with body weight loss as well as the muscular induction of atrogens. Our study demonstrates therefore a marked increased production of APR by the muscle in cancer cachexia.
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13
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Wang Y, Fan S, Yang M, Shi G, Hu S, Yin D, Zhang Y, Xu F. Evaluation of the mechanism of Danggui-Shaoyao-San in regulating the metabolome of nephrotic syndrome based on urinary metabonomics and bioinformatics approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113020. [PMID: 32592886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), a well-known classic Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for enhancing Qi (vital energy and spirit), invigorating blood circulation and promoting diuresis, has been widely used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Previously, we have reported some protective effects of DSS against NS, but the in-depth mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based urinary metabonomics coupled with bioinformatics method was employed to evaluate the mechanisms of DSS in treating NS from the perspective of metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat models of NS were established using adriamycin injection. The regulative effects of DSS on NS in rats were first assessed by non-targeted metabonomics, which was based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. A series of target prediction models were used to predict the target of components identified in DSS and potential metabolites in NS, combined with the experimental results of metabonomics, to construct the biological network. RESULTS A total of 16 potential metabolites were screened in NS, of which 13 were significantly regulated by DSS. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of DSS on NS was mainly involved in regulating the amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. The component-target-metabolites-pathway network revealed 29 targets associated with metabolites that were linked to 27 components of DSS. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the potential targets have various molecular functions (especially serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity) and biological process (such as positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation or autophosphorylation). CONCLUSIONS The regulation of disrupted metabolic pathways and the relative targets may be the mechanism for DSS in the treatment of NS. Notably, metabonomics coupled with bioinformatics would be useful to explore the mechanism of DSS against NS and provide better insights on DSS for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Shengnan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Mo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Siyao Hu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, PR China.
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, 230051, PR China.
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
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14
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Wang ZM, Liu C, Wang YY, Deng YS, He XC, Du HZ, Liu CM, Teng ZQ. SerpinA3N deficiency deteriorates impairments of learning and memory in mice following hippocampal stab injury. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:88. [PMID: 33014432 PMCID: PMC7501238 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a global leading cause of disability and death, which puts patients at high risk for developing dementia. Early intervention is believed as the key to minimize the development of brain damages that could aggravate the symptoms. Here, we report that the serine protease inhibitor SerpinA3N is upregulated in hippocampal neurons in the early stage of hippocampal stab injury (HSI), while its deficiency causes a greater degree of neuronal apoptosis and severer impairments of spatial learning and memory in mice after HSI. We further show that MMP2 is a key substrate of SerpinA3N, and MMP2 specific inhibitor (ARP100) can protect against neuronal apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction in mice after HSI. These findings demonstrate a critical role for SerpinA3N in neuroprotection, suggesting that SerpinA3N and MMP2 inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic agents for neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100408 Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100408 Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100408 Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Sen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100408 Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100408 Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100408 Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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15
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Hulmi JJ, Penna F, Pöllänen N, Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Euro L, Lautaoja JH, Ballarò R, Soliymani R, Baumann M, Ritvos O, Pirinen E, Lalowski M. Muscle NAD + depletion and Serpina3n as molecular determinants of murine cancer cachexia-the effects of blocking myostatin and activins. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101046. [PMID: 32599075 PMCID: PMC7364159 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer cachexia and muscle loss are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In preclinical animal models, blocking activin receptor (ACVR) ligands has improved survival and prevented muscle wasting in cancer cachexia without an effect on tumour growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify cancer cachexia and soluble ACVR (sACVR) administration-evoked changes in muscle proteome. Methods Healthy and C26 tumour-bearing (TB) mice were treated with recombinant sACVR. The sACVR or PBS control were administered either prior to the tumour formation or by continued administration before and after tumour formation. Muscles were analysed by quantitative proteomics with further examination of mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism. To complement the first prophylactic experiment, sACVR (or PBS) was injected as a treatment after tumour cell inoculation. Results Muscle proteomics in TB cachectic mice revealed downregulated signatures for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and increased acute phase response (APR). These were accompanied by muscle NAD+ deficiency, alterations in NAD+ biosynthesis including downregulation of nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (Nrk2), and decreased muscle protein synthesis. The disturbances in NAD+ metabolism and protein synthesis were rescued by treatment with sACVR. Across the whole proteome and APR, in particular, Serpina3n represented the most upregulated protein and the strongest predictor of cachexia. However, the increase in Serpina3n expression was associated with increased inflammation rather than decreased muscle mass and/or protein synthesis. Conclusions We present evidence implicating disturbed muscle mitochondrial OXPHOS proteome and NAD+ homeostasis in experimental cancer cachexia. Treatment of TB mice with a blocker of activin receptor ligands restores depleted muscle NAD+ and Nrk2, as well as decreased muscle protein synthesis. These results indicate putative new treatment therapies for cachexia and that although acute phase protein Serpina3n may serve as a predictor of cachexia, it more likely reflects a condition of elevated inflammation. Cachectic muscle proteome shows decreased OXPHOS and increased acute phase response. Cancer cachexia is characterized by lowered muscle Nrk2 expression and NAD+ levels. Blocking activin receptor 2B ligands rescues muscle NAD+ homeostasis in cachexia. Blocking activin receptor 2B ligands prevents affected protein synthesis in cachexia. Serpina3n predicts cachexia and cancer-induced APR independently from muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - F Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - N Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L Euro
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Soliymani
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Baumann
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lalowski
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Liu L, Broszczak DA, Broadbent JA, Singh DP, Steck R, Parker TJ, Peake JM. Comparative label-free mass spectrometric analysis of temporal changes in the skeletal muscle proteome after impact trauma in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E1022-E1037. [PMID: 32255681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00433.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics offers the opportunity to identify and quantify many proteins and to explore how they correlate and interact with each other in biological networks. This study aimed to characterize changes in the muscle proteome during the destruction, repair, and early-remodeling phases after impact trauma in male Wistar rats. Muscle tissue was collected from uninjured control rats and rats that were euthanized between 6 h and 14 days after impact injury. Muscle tissue was analyzed using unbiased, data-independent acquisition LC-MS/MS. We identified 770 reviewed proteins in the muscle tissue, 296 of which were differentially abundant between the control and injury groups (P ≤ 0.05). Around 50 proteins showed large differences (≥10-fold) or a distinct pattern of abundance after injury. These included proteins that have not been identified previously in injured muscle, such as ferritin light chain 1, fibrinogen γ-chain, fibrinogen β-chain, osteolectin, murinoglobulin-1, T-kininogen 2, calcium-regulated heat-stable protein 1, macrophage-capping protein, retinoid-inducible serine carboxypeptidase, ADP-ribosylation factor 4, Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein, and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 1. Some proteins increased between 6 h and 14 days, whereas other proteins increased in a more delayed pattern at 7 days after injury. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that various biological processes, including regulation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, regulation of wound healing, tissue regeneration, acute inflammatory response, and negative regulation of the immune effector process, were enriched in injured muscle tissue. This study advances the understanding of early muscle healing after muscle injury and lays a foundation for future mechanistic studies on interventions to treat muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Daniel P Singh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Queensland University of Technology, Medical Engineering Research Facility, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tony J Parker
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Nosacka RL, Delitto AE, Delitto D, Patel R, Judge SM, Trevino JG, Judge AR. Distinct cachexia profiles in response to human pancreatic tumours in mouse limb and respiratory muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:820-837. [PMID: 32039571 PMCID: PMC7296265 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome that causes significant loss of skeletal muscle mass and significantly increases mortality in cancer patients. Currently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this disease so that effective therapies can be developed. The majority of pre-clinical studies evaluating skeletal muscle's response to cancer have focused on one or two pre-clinical models, and almost all have focused specifically on limb muscles. In the current study, we reveal key differences in the histology and transcriptomic signatures of a limb muscle and a respiratory muscle in orthotopic pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. METHODS To create four cohorts of PDX mice evaluated in this study, tumours resected from four pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients were portioned and attached to the pancreas of immunodeficient NSG mice. RESULTS Body weight, muscle mass, and fat mass were significantly decreased in each PDX line. Histological assessment of cryosections taken from the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm (DIA) revealed differential effects of tumour burden on their morphology. Subsequent genome-wide microarray analysis on TA and DIA also revealed key differences between their transcriptomes in response to cancer. Genes up-regulated in the DIA were enriched for extracellular matrix protein-encoding genes and genes related to the inflammatory response, while down-regulated genes were enriched for mitochondria related protein-encoding genes. Conversely, the TA showed up-regulation of canonical atrophy-associated pathways such as ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that distinct biological processes may account for wasting in different skeletal muscles in response to the same tumour burden. Further investigation into these differences will be critical for the future development of effective clinical strategies to counter cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Nosacka
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Andrea E Delitto
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Dan Delitto
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Rohan Patel
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sarah M Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Saba Aslam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Turner CT, Hiroyasu S, Granville DJ. Granzyme B as a therapeutic target for wound healing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:745-754. [PMID: 31461387 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1661380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Granzyme B is a serine protease traditionally understood as having a role in immune-mediated cytotoxicity. Over the past decade, this dogma has been challenged, with a new appreciation that granzyme B can exert alternative extracellular roles detrimental to wound closure and remodeling. Granzyme B is elevated in response to tissue injury, chronic inflammation and/or autoimmune skin diseases, resulting in impaired wound healing. Areas covered: This review provides a historical background of granzyme B and a description of how it is regulated. Details are provided on the role of granzyme B in apoptosis as well as newly identified extracellular roles, focusing on those affecting wound healing, including on inflammation, dermal-epidermal junction separation, re-epithelialization, scarring and fibrosis, and autoimmunity. Finally, the use of pharmacological granzyme B inhibitors as potential therapeutic options for wound treatment is discussed. Expert opinion: Endogenous extracellular granzyme B inhibitors have not been identified in human bio-fluids, thus in chronic wound environments granzyme B appears to remain uncontrolled and unregulated. In response, targeted granzyme B inhibitors have been developed for therapeutic applications in wounds. Animal studies trialing inhibitors of granzyme B show improved healing outcomes, and may therefore provide a novel therapeutic approach for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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20
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Dell'Italia LJ, Collawn JF, Ferrario CM. Multifunctional Role of Chymase in Acute and Chronic Tissue Injury and Remodeling. Circ Res 2019; 122:319-336. [PMID: 29348253 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chymase is the most efficient Ang II (angiotensin II)-forming enzyme in the human body and has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases that also implicate its many other protease actions. Largely thought to be the product of mast cells, the identification of other cellular sources including cardiac fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells demonstrates a more widely dispersed production and distribution system in various tissues. Furthermore, newly emerging evidence for its intracellular presence in cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells opens an entirely new compartment of chymase-mediated actions that were previously thought to be limited to the extracellular space. This review illustrates how these multiple chymase-mediated mechanisms of action can explain the residual risk in clinical trials of cardiovascular disease using conventional renin-angiotensin system blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Dell'Italia
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center (L.J.D.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine (L.J.D.), and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (J.F.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (C.M.F.).
| | - James F Collawn
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center (L.J.D.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine (L.J.D.), and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (J.F.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (C.M.F.)
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center (L.J.D.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine (L.J.D.), and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (J.F.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (C.M.F.)
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Gueugneau M, d'Hose D, Barbé C, de Barsy M, Lause P, Maiter D, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Schaeffer L, Gangloff YG, Chambon C, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Béchet D, Thissen JP. Increased Serpina3n release into circulation during glucocorticoid-mediated muscle atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:929-946. [PMID: 29989354 PMCID: PMC6204594 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GC) play a major role in muscle atrophy. As skeletal muscle is a secretory organ, characterization of the muscle secretome elicited by muscle atrophy should allow to better understand the cellular mechanisms and to identify circulating biomarkers of this condition. Our project aimed to identify the changes in the muscle secretome associated with GC-induced muscle atrophy and susceptible to translate into circulation. METHODS We have identified the GC-induced changes in the secretome of C2 C12 muscle cells by proteomic analysis, and then, we have determined how these changes translate into the circulation of mice or human subjects exposed to high concentrations of GC. RESULTS This approach led us to identify Serpina3n as one of the most markedly secreted protein in response to GC. Our original in vitro results were confirmed in vivo by an increased expression of Serpina3n in skeletal muscle (3.9-fold; P < 0.01) and in the serum (two-fold; P < 0.01) of mice treated with GC. We also observed increased levels of the human orthologue Serpina3 in the serum of Cushing's syndrome patients compared with healthy controls matched for age and sex (n = 9/group, 2.5-fold; P < 0.01). An increase of Serpina3n was also demonstrated in muscle atrophy models mediated by GC such as cancer cachexia (four-fold; P < 0.01), sepsis (12.5-fold; P < 0.001), or diabetes (two-fold; P < 0.01). In contrast, levels of Serpina3n both in skeletal muscle and in the circulation were reduced in several models of muscle hypertrophy induced by myostatin inhibition (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a cluster of data suggests that the regulation of muscle Serpina3n involves mTOR, an essential determinant of the muscle cell size. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that Serpina3n may represent a circulating biomarker of muscle atrophy associated to GC and, broadly, a reflection of dynamic changes in muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gueugneau
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,INRA, UMR1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Donatienne d'Hose
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Barbé
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie de Barsy
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lause
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Maiter
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- INMG, CNRS, UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, LBMC, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yann-Gaël Gangloff
- INMG, CNRS, UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, LBMC, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéomique, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- INRA, UMR1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Béchet
- INRA, UMR1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Wang L, Jiang S, Xiao L, Chen L, Zhang Y, Tong J. Inhibition of granzyme B activity blocks inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide through regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in NK92 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:580-586. [PMID: 29749522 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease that is expressed in the lytic granules of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and which has been widely reported to serve a crucial role for target cell apoptosis. GrB may serve a non‑cytotoxic role in inflammation, but the evidence remains unclear. The present study aimed to establish an inflammatory cell model by using NK92 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate whether GrB was involved in the development of inflammation. The extracellular levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β) and GrB were examined by ELISA, and it was demonstrated that LPS treatment increased the extracellular levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and GrB, and these increased expression levels were inhibited by pretreatment with the GrB inhibitor serpin A3N (SA3N). The protein expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB), inhibitor of NF‑κB (IκBα) and GrB were examined by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that LPS stimulation increased the expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, NF‑κB and GrB, and decreased the expression of IκBα, and these changes were inhibited by SA3N, which indicated that inhibition of GrB activity may suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Therefore, it was suggested that GrB may be a potential pro‑inflammatory factor, and inhibition of GrB activity may aid the prevention of the development of inflammation by suppressing ER stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tong
- Aristogenesis Genetic Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
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23
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Guiraud S, Roblin D, Kay DE. The potential of utrophin modulators for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1438261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guiraud
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Davies. E. Kay
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tjondrokoesoemo A, Schips TG, Sargent MA, Vanhoutte D, Kanisicak O, Prasad V, Lin SCJ, Maillet M, Molkentin JD. Cathepsin S Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Muscular Dystrophy in Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9920-8. [PMID: 26966179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. Loss of dystrophin protein compromises the stability of the sarcolemma membrane surrounding each muscle cell fiber, leading to membrane ruptures and leakiness that induces myofiber necrosis, a subsequent inflammatory response, and progressive tissue fibrosis with loss of functional capacity. Cathepsin S (Ctss) is a cysteine protease that is actively secreted in areas of tissue injury and ongoing inflammation, where it participates in extracellular matrix remodeling and healing. Here we show significant induction of Ctss expression and proteolytic activity following acute muscle injury or in muscle from mdx mice, a model of DMD. To examine the functional ramifications associated with greater Ctss expression, the Ctss gene was deleted in the mdx genetic background, resulting in protection from muscular dystrophy pathogenesis that included reduced myofiber turnover and histopathology, reduced fibrosis, and improved running capacity. Mechanistically, deletion of the Ctss gene in the mdx background significantly increased myofiber sarcolemmal membrane stability with greater expression and membrane localization of utrophin, integrins, and β-dystroglycan, which anchor the membrane to the basal lamina and underlying cytoskeletal proteins. Consistent with these results, skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mice overexpressing Ctss showed increased myofiber necrosis, muscle histopathology, and a functional deficit reminiscent of muscular dystrophy. Hence, Ctss induction during muscular dystrophy is a pathologic event that partially underlies disease pathogenesis, and its inhibition might serve as a new therapeutic strategy in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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