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Geng Y, Long X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, You G, Guo W, Zhuang G, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Yuan Z, Zan J. FTO-targeted siRNA delivery by MSC-derived exosomes synergistically alleviates dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's disease via m6A-dependent regulation of ATM mRNA. J Transl Med 2023; 21:652. [PMID: 37737187 PMCID: PMC10515429 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum of brain, seriously threatens human health, and is still lack of effective treatment. Dysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in PD pathogenesis. However, how m6A modification regulates dopaminergic neuronal death in PD remains elusive. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) have been shown to be effective for treating central nervous disorders. We thus propose that the m6A demethylase FTO-targeted siRNAs (si-FTO) may be encapsulated in MSC-Exo (Exo-siFTO) as a synergistic therapy against dopaminergic neuronal death in PD. METHODS In this study, the effect of m6A demethylase FTO on dopaminergic neuronal death was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro using a MPTP-treated mice model and a MPP + -induced MN9D cellular model, respectively. The mechanism through which FTO influences dopaminergic neuronal death in PD was investigated with qRT-PCR, western blot, immumohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. The therapeutic roles of MSC-Exo containing si-FTO were examined in PD models in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The total m6A level was significantly decreased and FTO expression was increased in PD models in vivo and in vitro. FTO was found to promote the expression of cellular death-related factor ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) via m6A-dependent stabilization of ATM mRNA in dopaminergic neurons. Knockdown of FTO by si-FTO concomitantly suppressed upregulation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) and downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and alleviated neuronal death in PD models. Moreover, MSC-Exo were utilized to successfully deliver si-FTO to the striatum of animal brain, resulting in the significant suppression of α-Syn expression and dopaminergic neuronal death, and recovery of TH expression in the brain of PD mice. CONCLUSIONS MSC-Exo delivery of si-FTO synergistically alleviates dopaminergic neuronal death in PD via m6A-dependent regulation of ATM mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Geng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Long
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoxing You
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gaoming Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510130, China.
| | - Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Zhengqiang Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jie Zan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Qi R, Sammler E, Gonzalez-Hunt CP, Barraza I, Pena N, Rouanet JP, Naaldijk Y, Goodson S, Fuzzati M, Blandini F, Erickson KI, Weinstein AM, Lutz MW, Kwok JB, Halliday GM, Dzamko N, Padmanabhan S, Alcalay RN, Waters C, Hogarth P, Simuni T, Smith D, Marras C, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, West AB, Shiva S, Hilfiker S, Sanders LH. A blood-based marker of mitochondrial DNA damage in Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo1557. [PMID: 37647388 PMCID: PMC11135133 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and neuroprotective or disease-modifying interventions remain elusive. High-throughput markers aimed at stratifying patients on the basis of shared etiology are required to ensure the success of disease-modifying therapies in clinical trials. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of PD. Previously, we found brain region-specific accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in PD neuronal culture and animal models, as well as in human PD postmortem brain tissue. To investigate mtDNA damage as a potential blood-based marker for PD, we describe herein a PCR-based assay (Mito DNADX) that allows for the accurate real-time quantification of mtDNA damage in a scalable platform. We found that mtDNA damage was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from patients with idiopathic PD and those harboring the PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation in comparison with age-matched controls. In addition, mtDNA damage was elevated in non-disease-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers, demonstrating that mtDNA damage can occur irrespective of a PD diagnosis. We further established that Lrrk2 G2019S knock-in mice displayed increased mtDNA damage, whereas Lrrk2 knockout mice showed fewer mtDNA lesions in the ventral midbrain, compared with wild-type control mice. Furthermore, a small-molecule kinase inhibitor of LRRK2 mitigated mtDNA damage in a rotenone PD rat midbrain neuron model and in idiopathic PD patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines. Quantifying mtDNA damage using the Mito DNADX assay may have utility as a candidate marker of PD and for measuring the pharmacodynamic response to LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qi
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Esther Sammler
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Claudia P. Gonzalez-Hunt
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivana Barraza
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas Pena
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Rouanet
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Steven Goodson
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marie Fuzzati
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Andrea M. Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael W. Lutz
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John B. Kwok
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Shalini Padmanabhan
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10120, USA
| | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Penelope Hogarth
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Danielle Smith
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Laurie H. Sanders
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Kania E, Long JS, McEwan DG, Welkenhuyzen K, La Rovere R, Luyten T, Halpin J, Lobbestael E, Baekelandt V, Bultynck G, Ryan KM, Parys JB. LRRK2 phosphorylation status and kinase activity regulate (macro)autophagy in a Rab8a/Rab10-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:436. [PMID: 37454104 PMCID: PMC10349885 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), with growing importance also for Crohn's disease and cancer. LRRK2 is a large and complex protein possessing both GTPase and kinase activity. Moreover, LRRK2 activity and function can be influenced by its phosphorylation status. In this regard, many LRRK2 PD-associated mutants display decreased phosphorylation of the constitutive phosphorylation cluster S910/S935/S955/S973, but the role of these changes in phosphorylation status with respect to LRRK2 physiological functions remains unknown. Here, we propose that the S910/S935/S955/S973 phosphorylation sites act as key regulators of LRRK2-mediated autophagy under both basal and starvation conditions. We show that quadruple LRRK2 phosphomutant cells (4xSA; S910A/S935A/S955A/S973A) have impaired lysosomal functionality and fail to induce and proceed with autophagy during starvation. In contrast, treatment with the specific LRRK2 kinase inhibitors MLi-2 (100 nM) or PF-06447475 (150 nM), which also led to decreased LRRK2 phosphorylation of S910/S935/S955/S973, did not affect autophagy. In explanation, we demonstrate that the autophagy impairment due to the 4xSA LRRK2 phospho-dead mutant is driven by its enhanced LRRK2 kinase activity. We show mechanistically that this involves increased phosphorylation of LRRK2 downstream targets Rab8a and Rab10, as the autophagy impairment in 4xSA LRRK2 cells is counteracted by expression of phosphorylation-deficient mutants T72A Rab8a and T73A Rab10. Similarly, reduced autophagy and decreased LRRK2 phosphorylation at the constitutive sites were observed in cells expressing the pathological R1441C LRRK2 PD mutant, which also displays increased kinase activity. These data underscore the relation between LRRK2 phosphorylation at its constitutive sites and the importance of increased LRRK2 kinase activity in autophagy regulation and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kania
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaclyn S Long
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David G McEwan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsten Welkenhuyzen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita La Rovere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John Halpin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg B1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg B1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Wang ZX, Li YL, Pu JL, Zhang BR. DNA Damage-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076313. [PMID: 37047285 PMCID: PMC10093980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease around the world; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear so far. Recent advances have shown that DNA damage and repair deficiency play an important role in the pathophysiology of PD. There is growing evidence suggesting that DNA damage is involved in the propagation of cellular damage in PD, leading to neuropathology under different conditions. Here, we reviewed the current work on DNA damage repair in PD. First, we outlined the evidence and causes of DNA damage in PD. Second, we described the potential pathways by which DNA damage mediates neurotoxicity in PD and discussed the precise mechanisms that drive these processes by DNA damage. In addition, we looked ahead to the potential interventions targeting DNA damage and repair. Finally, based on the current status of research, key problems that need to be addressed in future research were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-Li Pu
- Correspondence: (J.-L.P.); (B.-R.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-87784752 (J.-L.P. & B.-R.Z.)
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-L.P.); (B.-R.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-87784752 (J.-L.P. & B.-R.Z.)
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5
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Jayaraman H, Anandhapadman A, Ghone NV. In Vitro and In Vivo Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer Cells on Interaction with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:401-431. [PMID: 36087230 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of breast cancer cells (BCC) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) plays a vital role in influencing the gene expression in breast cancer cells and thereby its uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. The extent of MSC governing the BCC or the extent of BCC influencing the MSC is a complex process, and the interaction strongly depends upon conditions such as the presence or absence of other cell types and in vivo tumor microenvironment or simple in vitro conditions. Hence, understanding this interaction through gene expression profiling may provide key insights about potential genes which can be targeted for breast cancer treatment. In the current study, in vitro microarray dataset and in vivo RNA-seq dataset of BCC on interaction with the MSC were downloaded from NCBI GEO database and analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) term enrichment, and Reactome pathway analysis. To target the genes which have similar effect on both in vitro and in vivo, a comparative analysis was performed, 24 genes were commonly upregulated in both in vitro and in vivo datasets, while no common downregulated genes were observed. Out of which, 16 significant genes based upon fold change (logFC > 2) are identified for manipulating the interactions between MSC and BCC. Among them, 6 of the identified genes (FSTL1, LOX, SERPINE1, INHBA, FN1, and VEGFA) have already been reported to be upregulated in BCC on interaction with MSC by various studies. Further experiments need to be conducted to understand the role of remaining 10 identified genes (EFEMP1, IGFBP3, EDIL3, IFITM1, IGFBP4, ITGA5, SLC3A2, HRH1, PPP1R15A, and NNMT) in MSC-BCC interaction. In addition to the reported significant genes and its associated pathways, the expression of long non-coding RNA identified in this study may increase our understanding about the way MSC interacts with BCC and accelerate MSC-based treatment strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No. 1, Sriperumbudur Taluk, 602117, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwin Anandhapadman
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No. 1, Sriperumbudur Taluk, 602117, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalinkanth Veerabadran Ghone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ng AWT, Contino G, Killcoyne S, Devonshire G, Hsu R, Abbas S, Su J, Redmond AM, Weaver JMJ, Eldridge MD, Tavaré S, Edwards PAW, Fitzgerald RC. Rearrangement processes and structural variations show evidence of selection in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Commun Biol 2022; 5:335. [PMID: 35396535 PMCID: PMC8993906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) provides an ideal case study to characterize large-scale rearrangements. Using whole genome short-read sequencing of 383 cases, for which 214 had matched whole transcriptomes, we observed structural variations (SV) with a predominance of deletions, tandem duplications and inter-chromosome junctions that could be identified as LINE-1 mobile element (ME) insertions. Complex clusters of rearrangements resembling breakage-fusion-bridge cycles or extrachromosomal circular DNA accounted for 22% of complex SVs affecting known oncogenes. Counting SV events affecting known driver genes substantially increased the recurrence rates of these drivers. After excluding fragile sites, we identified 51 candidate new drivers in genomic regions disrupted by SVs, including ETV5, KAT6B and CLTC. RUNX1 was the most recurrently altered gene (24%), with many deletions inactivating the RUNT domain but preserved the reading frame, suggesting an altered protein product. These findings underscore the importance of identification of SV events in OAC with implications for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianmarco Contino
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Sarah Killcoyne
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ray Hsu
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sujath Abbas
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Su
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aisling M Redmond
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie M J Weaver
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew D Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A W Edwards
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Lee JYS, Ng JH, Saffari SE, Tan EK. Parkinson's disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of lifestyle habits, genetic variants, and gender. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2148-2173. [PMID: 35247252 PMCID: PMC8954974 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer has been debated. Gender and genetic influences on cancer development in PD is unclear. METHODS Using QUOROM guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on potential clinical and genetic factors influencing the PD and subsequent cancer relationship. English articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from 2010 to 30 August 2020 were considered for suitability. RESULTS Of 46 studies identified, fourteen satisfied the inclusion criteria and were further analysed. Unadjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were computed to determine the PD and cancer relationship. PD patients have decreased subsequent cancer risks (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.93), reduced risks of colon, rectal, and colorectal cancer (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63-0.94), lung cancer (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48-0.80), and increased brain cancer (R = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02-2.13) and melanoma risk (R = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.23-2.50). Compared to idiopathic PD, LRRK2-G2019S carriers had increased general cancer risks (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09-1.46), particularly brain (RR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.06-5.50), breast (RR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.19-5.58), colon (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.13-2.99), and haematological cancers (RR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.07-3.92). Female PD patients have decreased general cancer risks compared to male PD patients in this analysis (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-0.98). CONCLUSION PD patients have reduced risks of colon, rectal, colorectal cancer and lung cancers and increased risks of brain cancer and melanoma. LRRK2-G2019S carriers have increased cancer risks, particularly brain, breast, colon and blood cancers. Female gender was associated with reduced risks. The role of ethnicity, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits on PD patients' subsequent cancer risk should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yan Selene Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jing Han Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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8
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Tu H, Zhang ZW, Qiu L, Lin Y, Jiang M, Chia SY, Wei Y, Ng ASL, Reynolds R, Tan EK, Zeng L. Increased expression of pathological markers in Parkinson's disease dementia post-mortem brains compared to dementia with Lewy bodies. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:3. [PMID: 34983390 PMCID: PMC8725407 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are common age-related neurodegenerative diseases comprising Lewy body spectrum disorders associated with cortical and subcortical Lewy body pathology. Over 30% of PD patients develop PD dementia (PDD), which describes dementia arising in the context of established idiopathic PD. Furthermore, Lewy bodies frequently accompany the amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where they are observed in the amygdala of approximately 60% of sporadic and familial AD. While PDD and DLB share similar pathological substrates, they differ in the temporal onset of motor and cognitive symptoms; however, protein markers to distinguish them are still lacking. METHODS Here, we systematically studied a series of AD and PD pathogenesis markers, as well as mitochondria, mitophagy, and neuroinflammation-related indicators, in the substantia nigra (SN), temporal cortex (TC), and caudate and putamen (CP) regions of human post-mortem brain samples from individuals with PDD and DLB and condition-matched controls. RESULTS We found that p-APPT668 (TC), α-synuclein (CP), and LC3II (CP) are all increased while the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (CP) is decreased in both PDD and DLB compared to control. Also, the levels of Aβ42 and DD2R, IBA1, and p-LRRK2S935 are all elevated in PDD compared to control. Interestingly, protein levels of p-TauS199/202 in CP and DD2R, DRP1, and VPS35 in TC are all increased in PDD compared to DLB. CONCLUSIONS Together, our comprehensive and systematic study identified a set of signature proteins that will help to understand the pathology and etiology of PDD and DLB at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Tu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Lifeng Qiu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yuning Lin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Rd., Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Dongguan Campus, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Sook-Yoong Chia
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Rd., Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Adeline S L Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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9
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Li YL, Wang ZX, Ying CZ, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Decoding the Role of Familial Parkinson’s Disease-Related Genes in DNA Damage and Repair. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1405-1412. [PMID: 36186134 PMCID: PMC9466978 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Over the years, researchers have gained extensive knowledge about dopaminergic neuron degeneration from the perspective of the environmental and disease-causing genetic factors; however, there is still no disease-modifying therapy. Aging has long been recognized as a major risk factor for PD; however, little is known about how aging contributes to the disease development. Genome instability is the main driving force behind aging, and has been poorly studied in patients with PD. Here, we summarize the evidence for nuclear DNA damage in PD. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of nuclear DNA damage and repair in PD, especially from the perspective of familial PD-related mutant genes. Understanding the significance of DNA damage and repair may provide new potential intervention targets for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia-Li Pu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jia-Li Pu Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .
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10
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Cheung M, Kadariya Y, Sementino E, Hall MJ, Cozzi I, Ascoli V, Ohar JA, Testa JR. Novel LRRK2 mutations and other rare, non-BAP1-related candidate tumor predisposition gene variants in high-risk cancer families with mesothelioma and other tumors. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1750-1761. [PMID: 34008015 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is irrefutable evidence that germline BAP1 mutations contribute to malignant mesothelioma (MM) susceptibility. However, BAP1 mutations are not found in all cases with evidence of familial MM or in other high-risk cancer families affected by various cancers, including MM. The goal of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the frequency and types of germline gene variants occurring in 12 MM patients selected from a series of 141 asbestos-exposed MM patients with a family history of cancer but without a germline BAP1 mutation. WGS was also performed on 2 MM cases, a proband and sibling, from a previously reported family with multiple cases of MM without inheritance of a predisposing BAP1 mutation. Altogether, germline DNA sequencing variants were identified in 20 cancer-related genes in 10 of the 13 probands. Germline indel, splice site, and missense mutations and two large deletions were identified. Among the 13 MM index cases, 6 (46%) exhibited one or more predicted pathogenic mutations. Affected genes encode proteins involved in DNA repair (ATM, ATR, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, MLH3, MUTYH, POLE, POLE4, POLQ, XRCC1), chromatin modification (ARID1B, DNMT3A, JARID2, SETD1B) or other cellular pathways: LRRK2 (2 cases) and MSH4. Notably, somatic truncating mutation or deletions of LRRK2 were occasionally found in MMs in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and expression of LRRK2 was undetectable or downregulated in a majority of primary MMs and MM cell lines we examined, implying that loss of LRRK2 expression is a newly recognized tumor suppressor alteration in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael J Hall
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Ilaria Cozzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Ascoli
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Jill A Ohar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1054 USA
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11
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Chen L, Hou J, Zeng X, Guo Q, Deng M, Kloeber JA, Tu X, Zhao F, Wu Z, Huang J, Luo K, Kim W, Lou Z. LRRK2 inhibition potentiates PARP inhibitor cytotoxicity through inhibiting homologous recombination-mediated DNA double strand break repair. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e341. [PMID: 33784003 PMCID: PMC7908045 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors induce DNA lesions, the repair of which are highly dependent on homologous recombination (HR), and preferentially kill HR- deficient cancers. However, cancer cells have developed several mechanisms to transform HR and confer drug resistance to PARP inhibition. Therefore, there is a great clinical interest in exploring new therapies that induce HR deficiency (HRD), thereby sensitizing cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Here, we found that GSK2578215A, a high-selective and effective leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor, or LRRK2 depletion suppresses HR preventing the recruitment of RAD51 to DNA damage sites through disruption of the interaction of RAD51 and BRCA2. Moreover, LRRK2 inhibition or depletion increases the susceptibility of ovarian cancer cells to Olaparib in vitro and in vivo. In clinical specimens, LRRK2 high expression is high related with advanced clinical characteristics and poor survival of ovarian cancer patients. All these findings indicate ovarian cancers expressing high levels of LRRK2 are more resistant to treatment potentially through promoting HR. Furthermore, combination treatment with an LRRK2 and PARP inhibitor may be a novel strategy to improve the effectiveness of LRRK2 expression ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- Department of GynecologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Department of Oncology, Medical Scientist Training ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
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12
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Vanan S, Zeng X, Chia SY, Varnäs K, Jiang M, Zhang K, Saw WT, Padmanabhan P, Yu WP, Zhou ZD, Halldin C, Gulyás B, Tan EK, Zeng L. Altered striatal dopamine levels in Parkinson's disease VPS35 D620N mutant transgenic aged mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:164. [PMID: 33261640 PMCID: PMC7706192 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a major component of the retromer complex that mediates the retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Mutations such as D620N in the VPS35 gene have been identified in patients with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains poorly understood whether and how VPS35 deficiency or mutation contributes to PD pathogenesis; specifically, the studies that have examined VPS35 thus far have differed in results and methodologies. We generated a VPS35 D620N mouse model using a Rosa26-based transgene expression platform to allow expression in a spatial manner, so as to better address these discrepancies. Here, aged (20-months-old) mice were first subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, DAB staining analysis of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with the marker for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed. Next, HPLC was used to determine dopamine levels, along with levels of its two metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in the striatum. Western blotting was also performed to study the levels of key proteins associated with PD. Lastly, autoradiography (ARG) evaluation of [3H]FE-PE2I binding to the striatal dopamine transporter DAT was carried out. We found that VPS35 D620N Tg mice displayed a significantly higher dopamine level than NTg counterparts. All results were then compared with that of current VPS35 studies to shed light on the disease pathogenesis. Our model allows future studies to explicitly control spatial expression of the transgene which would generate a more reliable PD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarivin Vanan
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxia Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Sook Yoong Chia
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet PET Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Jiang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Ke Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Wuan Ting Saw
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, Biological Resource Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhou
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet PET Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet PET Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Center for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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13
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Sturchio A, Dwivedi AK, Vizcarra JA, Chirra M, Keeling EG, Mata IF, Kauffman MA, Pandey MK, Roviello G, Comi C, Versino M, Marsili L, Espay AJ. Genetic parkinsonisms and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:159-167. [PMID: 33151182 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genes associated with parkinsonism may also be implicated in carcinogenesis, but their interplay remains unclear. We systematically reviewed studies (PubMed 1967-2019) reporting gene variants associated with both parkinsonism and cancer. Somatic variants were examined in cancer samples, whereas germline variants were examined in cancer patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic (carriers) genetic parkinsonisms. Pooled proportions were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. Out of 9,967 eligible articles, 60 were included. Of the 28 genetic variants associated with parkinsonism, six were also associated with cancer. In cancer samples, SNCA was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal cancers, UCHL1 with breast cancer, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. In asymptomatic carriers, LRRK2 was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal and prostate cancers, PRKN with prostate and genitourinary tract cancers, GBA with sarcoma, and 22q11.2 deletion with leukemia. In symptomatic genetic parkinsonism, LRRK2 was associated with nonmelanoma skin cancers and breast cancers, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. Cancer was more often manifested in genetic parkinsonisms compared to asymptomatic carriers. These results suggest that intraindividual genetic contributions may modify the co-occurrence of cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sturchio
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Alok K Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth G Keeling
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcelo A Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
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14
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Parrilla Castellar ER, Plichta JK, Davis R, Gonzalez-Hunt C, Sanders LH. Somatic Mutations in LRRK2 Identify a Subset of Invasive Mammary Carcinomas Associated with High Mutation Burden. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2478-2482. [PMID: 32931768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common cause of familial Parkinson disease. Although LRRK2-related Parkinson disease patients have a heightened risk of certain nonskin cancers, including breast cancer, it is unknown whether LRRK2 somatic mutations occur and are associated with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of LRRK2 somatic mutations in breast cancer and the clinicopathologic features associated with LRRK2-mutated tumors. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer Project, somatic LRRK2 DNA sequence information was obtained for 93 cases, of which 17 cases (18%) with 18 mutations were identified. LRRK2-mutated mammary carcinomas are enriched with stop-gain, truncating mutations predicted to result in loss of function; missense mutations frequently targeted the GTPase and kinase domains. Tumors displayed predominantly high-grade morphology with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, resembling mitochondria-rich apocrine-like carcinomas. Exploration of the genomic landscape of LRRK2-mutated carcinomas yielded frequent TP53 deactivation and a remarkably high tumor mutation burden. More important, breast cancers with LRRK2 mutations are associated with reduced patient survival compared with The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer Project cohort. These findings, for the first time, show that somatic LRRK2 mutations occur frequently in breast cancer, and the high mutation burden seen in this subset of tumors suggests that LRRK2 mutations may herald benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer K Plichta
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard Davis
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Laurie H Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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15
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Georgescu MM, Nanda A, Li Y, Mobley BC, Faust PL, Raisanen JM, Olar A. Mutation Status and Epithelial Differentiation Stratify Recurrence Risk in Chordoid Meningioma-A Multicenter Study with High Prognostic Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E225. [PMID: 31963394 PMCID: PMC7016786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoid meningioma is a rare WHO grade II histologic variant. Its molecular alterations or their impact on patient risk stratification have not been fully explored. We performed a multicenter, clinical, histological, and genomic analysis of chordoid meningiomas from 30 patients (34 tumors), representing the largest integrated study to date. By NHERF1 microlumen immunohistochemical detection, three epithelial differentiation (ED) groups emerged: #1/fibroblastic-like, #2/epithelial-poorly-differentiated and #3/epithelial-well-differentiated. These ED groups correlated with tumor location and genetic profiling, with NF2 and chromatin remodeling gene mutations clustering in ED group #2, and TRAF7 mutations segregating in ED group #3. Mutations in LRP1B were found in the largest number of cases (36%) across ED groups #2 and #3. Pathogenic ATM and VHL germline mutations occurred in ED group #3 patients, conferring an aggressive or benign course, respectively. The recurrence rate significantly correlated with mutations in NF2, as single gene, and with mutations in chromatin remodeling and DNA damage response genes, as groups. The recurrence rate was very high in ED group #2, moderate in ED group #3, and absent in ED group #1. This study proposes guidelines for tumor recurrence risk stratification and practical considerations for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Magdalena Georgescu
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- NeuroMarkers Professional Limited Liability Company, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Bret C. Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Phyllis L. Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Jack M. Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Adriana Olar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina and Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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16
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Ysselstein D, Nguyen M, Young TJ, Severino A, Schwake M, Merchant K, Krainc D. LRRK2 kinase activity regulates lysosomal glucocerebrosidase in neurons derived from Parkinson's disease patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5570. [PMID: 31804465 PMCID: PMC6895201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LRRK2 and GBA1 are common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) and major efforts are underway to develop new therapeutics that target LRRK2 or glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Here we describe a mechanistic and therapeutic convergence of LRRK2 and GCase in neurons derived from patients with PD. We find that GCase activity was reduced in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from PD patients with LRRK2 mutations. Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity results in increased GCase activity in DA neurons with either LRRK2 or GBA1 mutations. This increase is sufficient to partially rescue accumulation of oxidized dopamine and alpha-synuclein in PD patient neurons. We have identified the LRRK2 substrate Rab10 as a key mediator of LRRK2 regulation of GCase activity. Together, these results suggest an important role of mutant LRRK2 as a negative regulator of lysosomal GCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ysselstein
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tiffany J Young
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alex Severino
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Simonova VV, Vetchinova AS, Novosadova EV, Khaspekov LG, Illarioshkin SN. Genome Editing and the Problem of Tetraploidy in Cell Modeling of the Genetic Form of Parkinsonism. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1040-1045. [PMID: 30472942 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalent form of familial parkinsonism is caused by mutations in the LRRK2 gene encoding for the mitochondrial protein kinase. In the review, we discuss possible causes of appearance of tetraploid cells in neuronal precursors obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with the LRRK2-associated form of parkinsonism after genome editing procedure. As LRRK2 protein participates in cell proliferation and maintenance of the nuclear envelope, spindle fibers, and cytoskeleton, mutations in the LRRK2 gene can affect protein functions and lead, via various mechanisms, to the mitotic machinery disintegration and chromosomal aberration. These abnormalities can appear at different stages of fibroblast reprogramming; therefore, editing of the LRRK2 nucleotide sequence should be done during or before the reprogramming stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Simonova
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | | | - E V Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - L G Khaspekov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Ye C, Ho DJ, Neri M, Yang C, Kulkarni T, Randhawa R, Henault M, Mostacci N, Farmer P, Renner S, Ihry R, Mansur L, Keller CG, McAllister G, Hild M, Jenkins J, Kaykas A. DRUG-seq for miniaturized high-throughput transcriptome profiling in drug discovery. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4307. [PMID: 30333485 PMCID: PMC6192987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report Digital RNA with pertUrbation of Genes (DRUG-seq), a high-throughput platform for drug discovery. Pharmaceutical discovery relies on high-throughput screening, yet current platforms have limited readouts. RNA-seq is a powerful tool to investigate drug effects using transcriptome changes as a proxy, yet standard library construction is costly. DRUG-seq captures transcriptional changes detected in standard RNA-seq at 1/100th the cost. In proof-of-concept experiments profiling 433 compounds across 8 doses, transcription profiles generated from DRUG-seq successfully grouped compounds into functional clusters by mechanism of actions (MoAs) based on their intended targets. Perturbation differences reflected in transcriptome changes were detected for compounds engaging the same target, demonstrating the value of using DRUG-seq for understanding on and off-target activities. We demonstrate DRUG-seq captures common mechanisms, as well as differences between compound treatment and CRISPR on the same target. DRUG-seq provides a powerful tool for comprehensive transcriptome readout in a high-throughput screening environment. RNA-seq is a powerful tool to investigate how drugs affect the transcriptome but library construction can be costly. Here the authors introduce DRUG-seq, an automated platform for high-throughput transcriptome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Ye
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel J Ho
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chian Yang
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tripti Kulkarni
- Scientific Computing, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ranjit Randhawa
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Martin Henault
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nadezda Mostacci
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Farmer
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Renner
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ihry
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leandra Mansur
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Gubser Keller
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory McAllister
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marc Hild
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Jenkins
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Informatics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ajamete Kaykas
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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