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Sciorio R, Tramontano L, Campos G, Greco PF, Mondrone G, Surbone A, Greco E, Talevi R, Pluchino N, Fleming S. Vitrification of human blastocysts for couples undergoing assisted reproduction: an updated review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1398049. [PMID: 38827525 PMCID: PMC11140474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1398049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years there has been a worldwide critical change in the field of assisted reproduction technology (ART), leading to the increased application of single blastocyst transfer, which is extremely important to avoid the risks of multiple pregnancy and associated complications for both mother and babies. Indeed, advancements in ART over the last few decades have been obtained thanks to several improvements, including ovarian stimulation, embryo culture conditions and, of course, progress in cryopreservation methods, especially with the application of vitrification. The ability to cryopreserve human embryos has improved significantly with vitrification compared to the initially adopted slow-freezing procedures. Since the introduction of vitrification, it has become the gold standard method to effectively cryopreserve human blastocysts. However, some new protocols are now being explored, such as the short warming procedure and even shorter exposure to the equilibration solution before vitrification, which seem to provide optimal results. Therefore, the main aim of the current narrative review, will be to illustrate the benefit of vitrification as an effective method to cryopreserve the human blastocyst and to illustrate new protocols and variations which in future may increase the performance of vitrification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman Mother Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Tramontano
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Campos
- Fertility Geisinger Medical Center, Women’s Health Fertility Clinic, Danville, PA, United States
- GIREXX Fertility Clinics, Girona-Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Surbone
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman Mother Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Greco
- Villa Mafalda, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Universita’ di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Pluchino
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman Mother Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven Fleming
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Makieva S, Sachs MK, Xie M, Velasco Gil A, El-Hadad S, Kalaitzopoulos DR, Dedes I, Stiller R, Leeners B. Reply: Double vitrification and warming do not compromise the chance of live birth-a potential invalid conclusion. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoad050. [PMID: 38204940 PMCID: PMC10776349 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Makieva
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maike Katja Sachs
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Velasco Gil
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samia El-Hadad
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Rafail Kalaitzopoulos
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Dedes
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Stiller
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nanassy L, Schoepper B, Schultze-Mosgau A, Depenbusch M, Eggersmann TK, Hiller RAF, Griesinger G. Double vitrification and warming does not compromise the chance of live birth-a potential invalid conclusion. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoad049. [PMID: 38204941 PMCID: PMC10776346 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Nanassy
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Beate Schoepper
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Askan Schultze-Mosgau
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marion Depenbusch
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Tanja K Eggersmann
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Roman A F Hiller
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Georg Griesinger
- Universitäres Kinderwunschzentrum Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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