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Burch FC, Nichi M, Mendes CM, Assumpção MEOD, Duarte JMB, Del Rio do Valle R. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa from black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) using egg yolk-based or soy lecithin-based extenders. Primates 2024:10.1007/s10329-024-01136-6. [PMID: 38761269 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-024-01136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
There are more than 200 species and subspecies of Neotropical Primates of which more than 40% are listed as threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Both in situ and ex situ conservation programs can benefit from the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, cryopreservation techniques for Alouatta caraya semen. Semen samples were collected from five adult males, analyzed, and frozen in either Test-egg yolk or Test-soy lecithin-based extenders containing either 3 or 4% glycerol. Frozen-thawed samples were analyzed at 10, 40, and 80 min post-thaw. Egg yolk-based extenders were overall better than soy lecithin-based extenders. There was no significant difference between 3 and 4% glycerol in any of the parameters analyzed, however, 4% glycerol in egg yolk-based extender produced more favorable results for total motility, intact plasma membrane, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation index. This study brought novel information on semen characteristics and cryopreservation aspects for A. caraya, which can help shape future experiments to improve the outcome of frozen-thawed sperm for this and other species of Neotropical primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Carvalho Burch
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Marcílio Nichi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Mota Mendes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M, Nagashima JB, Noonan MJ, Crosier AE, Songsasen N. Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Thaw Sperm Function in Red Wolves and Cheetahs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3733. [PMID: 32466321 PMCID: PMC7279450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is a valuable tool for ex situ wildlife conservation, allowing the re-infusion and dissemination of genetic material, even after death of the donor. However, the application of AI to species conservation is still limited, due mainly to the poor survival of cryopreserved sperm. Recent work demonstrated that oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) improved cat sperm motility and reduced premature acrosomal exocytosis. Here, we build on these findings by describing the protein content of dog and cat oEVs and investigating whether the incubation of cryopreserved red wolf and cheetah sperm with oEVs during thawing improves sperm function. Both red wolf and cheetah sperm thawed with dog and cat oEVs, respectively, had more intact acrosomes than the non-EV controls. Moreover, red wolf sperm thawed in the presence of dog oEVs better maintained sperm motility over time (>15%) though such an improvement was not observed in cheetah sperm. Our work demonstrates that dog and cat oEVs carry proteins important for sperm function and improve post-thaw motility and/or acrosome integrity of red wolf and cheetah sperm in vitro. The findings show how oEVs can be a valuable tool for improving the success of AI with cryopreserved sperm in threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Beth Nagashima
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA; (J.B.N.); (M.J.N.); (A.E.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Michael James Noonan
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA; (J.B.N.); (M.J.N.); (A.E.C.); (N.S.)
- The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Adrienne E. Crosier
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA; (J.B.N.); (M.J.N.); (A.E.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA; (J.B.N.); (M.J.N.); (A.E.C.); (N.S.)
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3
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Liu Y, Zhang F, Dai L. Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) as an indicator of sperm quality in humans. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13537. [PMID: 32100333 DOI: 10.1111/and.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm quality is important for in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of human infertility. The purpose of this study was to screen for biomarkers that could evaluate sperm quality. We analysed semen samples in 172 fertile males; multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of COX1 (17.5 ng/ml) in seminal plasma may represent a useful biomarker for sperm quality (area under the curve: 0.745; sensitivity: 0.808; specificity: 0.722). Analysis indicated that the values of parameters related to sperm quality changed significantly (p < .05) between COX1 level ≥ 17.5 ng/ml group and COX1 level < 17.5 ng/ml group. Further analysis of two consecutive semen samples (1-hr interval) from 48 subjects revealed that the first semen samples (COX1 levels ≥ 17.5 ng/ml) had a higher sperm concentration and a larger proportion of spermatozoa showing progressive motility, a lower rate of sperm DNA fragmentation and a lower proportion of spermatozoa undergoing the acrosome reaction spontaneously (p < .05); identical results were observed for the second semen samples. These data indicated that COX1 could be used as an indicator for sperm status and may be helpful for identifying better quality spermatozoa for artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
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Arakaki PR, Salgado PAB, Losano JDDA, Gonçalves DR, Valle RDRD, Pereira RJG, Nichi M. Semen cryopreservation in golden-headed lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysomelas. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23071. [PMID: 31788818 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild animal genetic resource banking (GRB) represents a valuable tool in conservation breeding programs, particularly in cases involving endangered species such as the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Thus, we aimed to assess a sperm freezing protocol for golden-headed lion tamarins using two different exenders: BotuBOV® (BB) and Test Yolk Buffer® (TYB). Ejaculates were collected by penile vibrostimulation from animals housed at São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil, and after immediate analysis, two aliquots were diluted in BB and TYB. Postthawing samples were evaluated for total and progressive motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, mitochondrial activity, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and sperm-egg-binding. No differences between BB and TYB were found for most seminal parameters, except for acrosome integrity and susceptibility to oxidative stress (in both cases BB showed higher values). However, in spite of these differences and regardless of the extender used, postthaw sperm motility and viability with the described protocol were encouraging (on average >50% and >80%, respectively), indicating that sperm cryopreservation may be a short-term measure for the conservation of golden-headed lion tamarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Rocha Arakaki
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Andrea Borges Salgado
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Applied Research Department, São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Diego de Agostini Losano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Applied Research Department, São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo José Garcia Pereira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Olexikova L, Miranda M, Kulikova B, Baláži A, Chrenek P. Cryodamage of plasma membrane and acrosome region in chicken sperm. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 48:33-39. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Olexikova
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, NPPC; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Marsia Miranda
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences; University of Molise; Campobasso Italy
| | - Barbora Kulikova
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, NPPC; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Baláži
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, NPPC; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, NPPC; Lužianky Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences; Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology; UTP University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
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6
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Ma W, Baumann C, Viveiros MM. Lack of protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) disrupts fertilization and embryonic development. Mol Reprod Dev 2015. [PMID: 26202826 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the function of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) during fertilization and embryonic development using gene-knockout (Prkcd(-/-)) mice. Fertility analysis revealed that Prkcd(-/-) mating pairs produce significantly fewer pups per litter than wild-type pairs (P < 0.05), and exhibit a high incidence of embryonic loss post-implantation. Both Prkcd(-/-) male as well as Prkcd(-/-) female mice mated to Prkcd(+/+) controls also showed reduced litter sizes, with a selective loss of Prkcd-null pups. Further analysis of the females demonstrated comparable in vitro fertilization outcomes between control and Prkcd(-/-) oocytes fertilized with wild-type sperm. Pregnant Prkcd(-/-) females, however, exhibited a reduced number of total implantations, suggesting a possible disruption in early embryo quality and/or implantation. In turn, male gamete analysis revealed that Prkcd(-/-) sperm demonstrated a decreased capacity to penetrate the zona pellucida (P < 0.05), necessary for successful fertilization. Moreover, we identified phosphorylated PKCδ as a component of the sperm acrosome, indicating a potential role for this kinase in acrosome exocytosis. Therefore, loss of PKCδ disrupts key reproductive functions in both males and females that limit fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
| | - Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
| | - Maria M Viveiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
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Lavara R, David I, Mocé E, Baselga M, Vicente J. Environmental and male variation factors of freezability in rabbit semen. Theriogenology 2013; 79:582-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Flores-Herrera H, Acuña-Hernández DG, Rivera-Rebolledo JA, González-Jiménez MA, Rodas-Martínez AZ, Swanson WF. Effect of increasing trypsin concentrations on seminal coagulum dissolution and sperm parameters in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Theriogenology 2012; 78:612-9. [PMID: 22538010 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seminal coagulum formation in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) interferes with the efficient recovery and evaluation of spermatozoa. The main objective was to assess the effect of increasing concentrations of trypsin on dissolution of seminal coagulum and spermatic parameters. Seminal coagulum was incubated at 37 °C without trypsin or in the presence of increasing trypsin concentrations (0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0%). For each sample, coagulum dissolution time was measured, and sperm concentration, viability, motility, and morphology were evaluated using light microscopy and/or transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Trypsin concentrations of 1.0% and 5.0% more rapidly liquefied seminal coagulum, averaging 32 and 21 min, respectively, compared with nontrypsinized controls, with maintenance of greater sperm viability (70.8% and 72.5%, respectively). Coagulum treated with 1.0% trypsin and the liquid ejaculate fraction averaged higher sperm motility (40.1% and 55.6%, respectively) than control samples, and both 1.0% and 5.0% trypsin treatment allowed recovery of increased numbers of motile spermatozoa. There was greater sperm fragmentation at the head and midpiece level after treatment with 1.0% and 5.0% trypsin (55.8% and 55.9%); however, the percentage of normal morphology in structurally intact spermatozoa did not differ relative to controls. With transmission electronic microscopy imaging, there were similar percentages of spermatozoa with plasma membrane swelling in the midpiece and acrosomal regions in trypsin-treated samples and controls. In conclusion, trypsin treatment of spider monkey seminal coagulum exerted a concentration-dependent effect on dissolution time and various spermatic parameters. Higher trypsin concentrations caused more rapid liquefaction of coagulum and recovery of greater numbers of motile spermatozoa, but may adversely affect fragmentation of spermatozoa and could compromise sperm function and cryopreservation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Espinosa de los Reyes, México City, México
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9
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Lydka M, Piasecka M, Gaczarzewicz D, Koziorowski M, Bilinska B. Administration of Flutamide Alters Sperm Ultrastructure, Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity and its Stability, and Sperm Mitochondrial Oxidative Capability in the Boar: In Vivo and In Vitro Approach. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:635-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Yang S, Ping S, Si W, He X, Wang X, Lu Y, Ji S, Niu Y, Ji W. Optimization of ethylene glycol concentrations, freezing rates and holding times in liquid nitrogen vapor for cryopreservation of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) sperm. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:717-23. [PMID: 21228507 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol (EG) has been speculated to be the most appropriate penetrating cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of rhesus macaque sperm due to its higher permeability coefficient. The present study aimed to determine the optimal EG concentration, freezing rate and holding time in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) vapor for rhesus sperm cryopreservation. Among six tested EG concentrations (0, 0.18, 0.35, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 M), 0.7 M EG showed the most effective cryoprotection (P<0.05). Sperm frozen with 0.7 M EG at -183°C/min showed higher post-thaw motility than sperm frozen at -10, -67 or -435°C/min (P<0.05). Sperm frozen in LN(2) vapor at -183°C/min with 0.7 M EG and a holding time of 10 min showed higher post-thaw motility compared with a holding time of 5 or 15 min (P<0.05). The function of sperm cryopreserved at the optimized EG concentration, freezing rate and holding time was further evaluated by in vitro fertilization. Of the 36 oocytes collected from gonadotropin-stimulated rhesus macaques, 61.1% were fertilized, and 61.1, 44.4 and 36.1% of the oocytes developed to 2 cells, morulae and blastocysts, respectively. Our findings provide an alternative penetrating cryoprotectant and optimal protocol for genetic preservation purposes in this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Yang
- Laboratory of Moleculac Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, PR China
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11
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YANG S, PING S, JI S, LU Y, NIU Y, WANG H, JI W, SI W. The Positive Effects of Seminal Plasma During the Freezing Process on Cryosurvival of Sperm with Poor Freezability in the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta). J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:737-43. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-056n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Shimozawa N, Okada H, Hatori M, Yoshida T, Sankai T. Comparison of methods to stimulate ovarian follicular growth in cynomolgus and African green monkeys for collection of mature oocytes. Theriogenology 2007; 67:1143-9. [PMID: 17270266 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare various gonadotropin-based methods to stimulate ovarian follicular growth in female cynomolgus (n=16) and African green monkeys (n=8) for collection of mature oocytes. On the 1st day of menstruation, the monkeys were treated with 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate (a GnRH agonist). Starting 2-3 weeks later, ovarian follicular growth was stimulated as follows: (a) 25 IU/kg of human FSH (hFSH) in a glycerol solution given once daily for 9 d; (b) 200 IU of eCG given six times during a 9-d interval; (c) 75 IU/kg hFSH in a glycerol solution given three times (72 h intervals) during a 6-d interval. In addition, the monkeys were given 1200 or 4000 IU of hCG 36 h (Methods A and B) or 60 h (Method C) after the last gonadotropin treatment, and oocyte collection was attempted 36-38 h after hCG. Although there were no significant differences among methods in the number of oocytes collected, in cynomolgus monkeys, hFSH (Methods A and C) was better than eCG (Method B; 12 and 10 versus 7 mature oocytes, respectively), whereas in African green monkeys, eCG (Method B) was more effective than hFSH (Method A; 12 versus 7 mature oocytes). Furthermore, in cynomolgus monkeys, Method C was nearly as effective as Method A; using a glycerol solution as a solvent decreased the frequency of hFSH administration from nine to three times. In conclusion, in cynomolgus and African green monkeys, ovarian response depended on the species and on the individual, and in cynomolgus monkeys, hFSH in a glycerol solvent was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.
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Bergeron A, Manjunath P. New insights towards understanding the mechanisms of sperm protection by egg yolk and milk. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:1338-44. [PMID: 16868925 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm preservation in extenders containing egg yolk (EY) and/or milk has been used for over half a century. However, the mechanism by which EY or milk protects sperm during storage remains elusive. Studies conducted over the past two decades in our laboratory have revealed that a family of lipid-binding proteins (BSP proteins) present in bull seminal plasma is detrimental to sperm preservation since these proteins induce cholesterol and phospholipid removal from the sperm membrane. Interestingly, these detrimental factors of seminal plasma interact with the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) present in EY. This interaction minimizes lipid removal from the sperm membrane, which positively influences sperm storage in liquid or frozen states. Based on several lines of evidence, we suggest that the sequestration of BSP proteins by LDL (BSP proteins: lipoprotein interaction) is the major mechanism of sperm protection by EY. Skimmed milk, which is devoid of lipoproteins, also protects sperm during storage. Several studies indicate that the active components involved in sperm protection by milk are casein micelles. Thus, it appears that the mechanism by which milk protects sperm involves a BSP protein: casein micelle interaction. In view of these new insights, novel strategies have been suggested to improve the efficiency of semen preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Bergeron
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Guy-Bernier Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Walters EM, Men H, Agca Y, Mullen SF, Critser ES, Critser JK. Osmotic tolerance of mouse spermatozoa from various genetic backgrounds: acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and maintenance of motility. Cryobiology 2005; 50:193-205. [PMID: 15843009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
All cells have an intrinsic biophysical property related to their ability to undergo osmotically driven volume changes. This project is of fundamental importance to our understanding of the basic cryobiology of mouse spermatozoa. The objectives of this study were to determine the osmotic tolerance limits for (1) motility, (2) acrosome integrity, and (3) membrane integrity of mouse spermatozoa from multiple genetic backgrounds including: C57BL/6, BALB/c, FVB, C3H, 129/SVS2 hsd B6C3F1, CB6F1, and ICR. The maintenance of acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity was not affected by genetic background (p=0.13), however, there was an interaction between genetic background and osmolality. In addition, acrosome and plasma membrane integrity was highly correlated within each strain (p<0.01). In contrast to acrosome and plasma membrane integrity, the motility of spermatozoa from different genetic backgrounds fell sharply on both sides of isosmolality, both with and without return to isosmotic conditions. Exposure to hyposmotic conditions caused morphological changes in the spermatozoa, which inhibited motility. However, this morphological change was not reversible in all cases when returned to isosmotic conditions. The ability to maintain motility in an anisosmotic media was affected by genetic background, osmolality as well as the interaction between genetic background and osmolality (p<0.05). In conclusion, mice with different genetic backgrounds appear to have similar tolerance to osmotic changes in terms of sperm acrosome and plasma membrane integrity; however, the ability to maintain motility differs between genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Walters
- Comparative Medicine Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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15
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Agca Y, Mullen S, Liu J, Johnson-Ward J, Gould K, Chan A, Critser J. Osmotic tolerance and membrane permeability characteristics of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2005; 51:1-14. [PMID: 15922321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical characteristics of the plasma membrane, such as osmotic sensitivity and water and cryoprotectant permeability are important determinants of the function of spermatozoa after cryopreservation. A series of experiments was conducted with rhesus macaque spermatozoa at 23 degrees C to determine their: (1) cell volume and osmotically inactive fraction of the cell volume; (2) permeability coefficients for water and the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol; (3) tolerance to anisosmotic conditions; and (4) motility after a one step addition and removal of the four cryoprotectants. An electronic particle counter and computer aided semen analysis were used to determine the cell volume and permeability coefficients, and motility, respectively. Rhesus spermatozoa isosmotic cell volume was 27.7+/-3.0 microm3 (mean+/-SEM) with an osmotically inactive cell fraction of 51%. Hydraulic conductivity in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol was 1.09+/-0.30, 0.912+/-0.27, 1.53+/-0.53, and 1.94+/-0.47 microm/min/atm, respectively. Cryoprotectant permeability was 1.39+/-0.31, 2.21+/-0.32, 3.38+/-0.63, and 6.07+/-1.1 (x10(-3)cm/min), respectively. Rhesus sperm tolerated all hyposmotic exposures. However, greater than 70% motility loss was observed after exposure to solutions of 600 mOsm and higher. A one step addition and removal of all four cryoprotectants did not cause significant motility loss. These data suggest that rhesus sperm are tolerant to hyposmotic conditions, and ethylene glycol may be the most appropriate cryoprotectant for rhesus sperm cryopreservation, as it has the highest permeability coefficient of the tested cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuksel Agca
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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