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Sui C, Liao Z, Bai J, Hu D, Yue J, Yang S. Current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:471. [PMID: 37899459 PMCID: PMC10614333 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity has been widely understood as the capacity of the endometrium to receive implantable embryos. The establishment of endometrial receptivity involves multiple biological processes including decidualization, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and oxidative metabolism. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer-membrane nanosized vesicles mediating cell-to-cell communication. Recently, EVs and their cargo have been proven as functional factors in the establishment of endometrial receptivity. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the alteration of endometrium/embryo-derived EVs during the receptive phase and retrospected the current findings which revealed the pivotal role and potential mechanism of EVs to promote successful implantation. Furthermore, we highlight the potentiality and limitations of EVs being translated into clinical applications such as biomarkers of endometrial receptivity or reproductive therapeutic mediators, and point out the direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Siriwardena D, Boroviak TE. Evolutionary divergence of embryo implantation in primates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210256. [PMID: 36252209 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of the conceptus into the uterus is absolutely essential for successful embryo development. In humans, our understanding of this process has remained rudimentary owing to the inaccessibility of early implantation stages. Non-human primates recapitulate many aspects of human embryo development and provide crucial insights into trophoblast development, uterine receptivity and embryo invasion. Moreover, primate species exhibit a variety of implantation strategies and differ in embryo invasion depths. This review examines conservation and divergence of the key processes required for embryo implantation in different primates and in comparison with the canonical rodent model. We discuss trophectoderm compartmentalization, endometrial remodelling and embryo adhesion and invasion. Finally, we propose that studying the mechanism controlling invasion depth between different primate species may provide new insights and treatment strategies for placentation disorders in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Siriwardena
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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3
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Mishra A, Ashary N, Sharma R, Modi D. Extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and disorders of the endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13360. [PMID: 33064348 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of the embryo is a rate-limiting step for a successful pregnancy, and it requires an intricate crosstalk between the embryo and the endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed, nano-sized structures produced by cells to mediate cell to cell communication and modulate a diverse set of biological processes. Herein, we review the involvement of EVs in the process of embryo implantation and endometrial diseases. EVs have been isolated from uterine fluid, cultured endometrial epithelial/stromal cells and trophectodermal cells. The endometrial epithelial and stromal/decidual cell-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized bythe trophoblast cells, and they regulate a diverse set of genes involved in adhesion, invasion and migration. Conversely, the embryo-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized by epithelial and immune cells of the endometrium for biosensing and immunomodulation required for successful implantation. EVs have also been shown to play a role in infertility, recurrent implantation failure, endometriosis, endometritis and endometrial cancer. Further research should set a stage for EVs as non-invasive "liquid biopsy" tools for assessment of endometrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mishra
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nancy Ashary
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Sharma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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4
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Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Carrillo M, Li C, Nathanielsz P, Maguire C, Maher J, Dick E, Hubbard G, Stanek J. A first case of hepatocellular carcinoma in the baboon (Papio spp.) placenta. J Med Primatol 2018; 48:68-73. [PMID: 30246873 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the placenta of healthy baboon (Papio spp.). Grossly, the fetal, maternal, and placental tissues were unremarkable. Histologically, the placenta contained an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated, infiltrative, solidly cellular neoplasm composed of cells that resembled hepatocytes. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for Ae1/Ae3, Arginase -1, glutamine synthetase, and CD10, and negative for ER, vascular markers (CD31 and D240), S100, glypican, C-reactive protein, FABP, desmin, and beta-catenin; INI1 positivity was similar to non-neoplastic tissues. The case likely represents a unique subtype of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maira Carrillo
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
| | - Cun Li
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Nathanielsz
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Christopher Maguire
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
| | - James Maher
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
| | - Edward Dick
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gene Hubbard
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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5
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Ashary N, Tiwari A, Modi D. Embryo Implantation: War in Times of Love. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1188-1198. [PMID: 29319820 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to widespread belief, the implantation of an embryo for the initiation of pregnancy is like a battle, in that the embryo uses a variety of coercive tactics to force its acceptance by the endometrium. We propose that embryo implantation involves a three-step process: (1) identification of a receptive endometrium; (2) superimposition of a blastocyst-derived signature onto the receptive endometrium before implantation; and finally (3) breaching by the embryo and trophoblast invasion, culminating in decidualization and placentation. We review here the story that is beginning to emerge, focusing primarily on the cells that are in "combat" during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ashary
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
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6
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Proliferation and decidualization of endometrial stromal cells during embryo-attachment stage in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:605-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Su RW, Fazleabas AT. Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Human and Nonhuman Primates. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015; 216:189-213. [PMID: 26450500 PMCID: PMC5098399 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Implantation and the establishment of pregnancy are critical for the propagation of the species, but yet remain the limiting steps in human and primate reproduction. Successful implantation requires a competent blastocyst and a receptive endometrium during a specific window of time during the menstrual cycle to initiate the bilateral communication required for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. This chapter provides an overview of these processes and discusses the molecular mechanisms associated with implantation of the blastocyst and decidualization of the uterus in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Wei Su
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
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8
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Nimbkar-Joshi S, Katkam RR, Chaudhari UK, Jacob S, Manjramkar DD, Metkari SM, Hinduja I, Mangoli V, Desai S, Kholkute SD, Puri CP, Sachdeva G. Endometrial epithelial cell modifications in response to embryonic signals in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:289-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Blastocyst implantation is a process of interaction between embryo and the uterus. To understand this process, this review tries to summarize what blastocyst implantation essential factors (BIEFs) play what roles, as well as where in the uterus and at what stage of implantation process. Addition of more new data to this kind of compilation of information will help the development of diagnosis and treatment of infertility caused by implantation failure. The major, important cells of the endometrial cells that interact with invading blastocyst (trophoblast) are luminal epithelial cells, stromal cells (decidual cells) and resident immune cells. BIEFs regulate these cells to successfully maintain pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshinaga
- Reproductive Sciences Branch, Center for Population Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, MD 20892-7510, USA.
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10
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Nimbkar-Joshi S, Rosario G, Katkam R, Manjramkar D, Metkari S, Puri CP, Sachdeva G. Embryo-induced alterations in the molecular phenotype of primate endometrium. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 83:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Rosario GX, Katkam RR, Nimbkar-Joshi S, Modi DN, Manjramkar DD, Hinduja I, Zaveri K, Puri CP, Sachdeva G. Expression of endometrial protein kinase a during early pregnancy in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). Biol Reprod 2009; 81:1172-81. [PMID: 19684337 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.077339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo-induced signaling pathways are considered to be important for initiation and sustenance of pregnancy. However many of these pathways remain to be deciphered in primates. In the present study, differential display RT-PCR was used to identify genes or gene fragments that are differentially expressed in endometrium of bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) on Day 6 of pregnancy. Of several fragments found to be differentially expressed, a fragment of 567 base pair (named GG1) was characterized in detail. GG1 was highly represented in endometrium of pregnant animals compared with that of nonpregnant animals. Sequencing analysis revealed homology of this fragment to exons 7, 8, 9, and 10 and surprisingly to intron 6 of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory type I alpha (tissue-specific extinguisher 1) (PRKAR1A). The increased expression of this fragment in gestational endometrium was confirmed by quantitative PCR studies. Two transcripts of 3.0 kilobase (kb) and 1.5 kb were detected in Northern blot probed with labeled GG1. Protein expressions of alpha regulatory (PRKAR1A) and alpha catalytic (PRKCA) subunits of PKA were also higher in gestational endometrium compared with that in nongestational endometrium. Further in vitro studies using human endometrial explants demonstrated regulation of PRKAR1A (or GG1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 or cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2) by estradiol. This is the first study to date on the differential expression of PKA in primate endometrium during early pregnancy and its in vitro regulation by estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracy Xavier Rosario
- Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Martins WDP, Ferriani RA, Nastri CO, Dos Reis RM, Mauad Filho F. Measurement of endometrial volume increase during the first week after embryo transfer by three-dimensional ultrasound to detect pregnancy: a preliminary study. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:883-5. [PMID: 17880947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial volume and thickness were measured in 20 women undergoing in vitro fertilization on the day before the embryo transfer and one week later by three-dimensional ultrasound. The endometrial volume increase was higher in the 8 pregnant women (0.70 cm(3) at least) than in the 12 nonpregnant women (0.21 cm(3) at most).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington de Paula Martins
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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13
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Rao CV, Lei ZM. The past, present and future of nongonadal LH/hCG actions in reproductive biology and medicine. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 269:2-8. [PMID: 17382462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 07/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The past and present published studies reaffirm that nongonadal LH and hCG actions are real and here to stay. These actions have led to a better understanding of the biology of the hormones and more importantly begin to pave the way for novel therapies in reproductive medicine and in other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Rao
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Martins WP, Ferriani RA, dos Reis RM, Nastri CO, Filho FM. Endometrial thickness and volume by three-dimensional ultrasound one week after embryo transfer to detect pregnancy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2007; 24:155-8. [PMID: 17342425 PMCID: PMC3455060 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine if the evaluation of endometrium one week after embryo transfer can predict pregnancy. METHODS Endometrial volume and thickness were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound in 40 patients one week after embryo transfer. These results were compared to serum pregnancy test performed one week later. RESULTS Eighteen patients have achieved pregnancy. A significant difference was found for endometrial volume: 6.49+/-1.97 mL versus 3.40+/-1.11 mL (pregnant versus not pregnant); and thickness: 11.15+/-2.75 mm versus 9.77+/-1.85 mm. The ROC curve was used to detect the best cutoff values: endometrial volume of 3.48 mL (sensitivity-100%, specificity-68.2%) and endometrial thickness of 10.3 mm (sensitivity-72.2%, specificity-77.3%). The area under curve was significant higher for endometrial volume (0.909 versus 0.745, p=0.027). No pregnancy was achieved in women who had an endometrial volume <3.8 mL (15 patients) or thickness <7.9 mm (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS The endometrial volume and thickness were significant higher in pregnant women and this difference was more prominent for endometrial volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Paula Martins
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-Brasil, São Paulo, Brasil.
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15
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Berndt S, Perrier d'Hauterive S, Blacher S, Péqueux C, Lorquet S, Munaut C, Applanat M, Hervé MA, Lamandé N, Corvol P, van den Brûle F, Frankenne F, Poutanen M, Huhtaniemi I, Geenen V, Noël A, Foidart JM. Angiogenic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin through LH receptor activation on endothelial and epithelial cells of the endometrium. FASEB J 2006; 20:2630-2. [PMID: 17065221 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-5885fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Successful embryo development requires an extensive endometrial angiogenesis in proximity of implantation site. The glycoprotein hCG is produced even before implantation by trophoblast in normal pregnancy. In this manuscript, we demonstrate an angiogenic effect of hCG in several in vivo (chick chorioallantoïc membrane, matrigel plug assay, aortic ring assay) and in vitro experimental models. In contrast, human placental lactogen (hPL) did not display angiogenic properties. LH/hCG receptor was detected in endothelial cells by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by Western blotting. In mice aortic ring assay, angiostimulation by hCG was abrogated by deletion of LH/hCG receptor (LuRKO mice). Use of recombinant hCG and anti-hCG antibody (Ab) further confirmed the specificity of this angiogenic activity. By using dibutyryl cAMP, adenylate cyclase, or protein kinase A inhibitors, we demonstrate that hCG-mediated angiogenesis involves adenylyl-cyclase-protein kinase A activation. Addition of hCG to endometrial epithelial epithelial cells, but not to cultured endothelial cells, stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF and hCG also displayed additive activities. Altogether, these data demonstrate that peritrophoblastic angiostimulation may result from a paracrine dialogue between trophoblast, epithelial, and endothelial cells through hCG and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Berndt
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Centre de recherche en cancérologie expérimentale, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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16
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de Paula Martins W, Ferriani RA, dos Reis RM, Nastri CO, Filho FM. Endometrial thickness and volume by three-dimensional ultrasound one week after embryo transfer to detect pregnancy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2006; 23:347-50. [PMID: 16953464 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-006-9059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine if the evaluation of endometrium one week after embryo transfer can predict pregnancy. METHODS Endometrial volume and thickness were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound in 40 patients one week after embryo transfer. These results were compared to serum pregnancy test performed one week later. RESULTS Twenty two patients have achieved pregnancy. A significant difference was found for endometrial volume: 6.49+/-1.97 mL vs. 3.40+/-1.11 mL (pregnant vs. not pregnant); and thickness: 11.15+/-2.75 mm vs. 9.77+/-1.85 mm. The ROC curve was used to detect the best cutoff values: endometrial volume of 3.48 mL (sensitivity-100%, specificity-68.2%) and endometrial thickness of 10.3 mm (sensitivity-72.2%, specificity-77.3%). The area under curve was significant higher for endometrial volume (0.909 vs. 0.745, P=0.027). No pregnancy was achieved in women who had an endometrial volume <3.8 mL (15 patients) or thickness < 7.9 mm (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS The endometrial volume and thickness were significant higher in pregnant women and this difference was more prominent for endometrial volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington de Paula Martins
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
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17
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Strakova Z, Mavrogianis P, Meng X, Hastings JM, Jackson KS, Cameo P, Brudney A, Knight O, Fazleabas AT. In vivo infusion of interleukin-1beta and chorionic gonadotropin induces endometrial changes that mimic early pregnancy events in the baboon. Endocrinology 2005; 146:4097-104. [PMID: 15932926 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and IL-1beta induce changes in the endometrium that are associated with the establishment of pregnancy. We investigated the synergistic effect of these two embryonic signals on endometrial function using a baboon model of simulated pregnancy. Recombinant hCG (30 IU/d) was infused between d 6 and 10 post ovulation (PO) to mimic blastocyst transit. On the expected day of implantation (d 10 PO), IL-1beta (12 ng/d) or IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra; 12 ng/d) was infused for an additional 5 d. Endometria were harvested on d 15 PO. Both hCG and hCG plus IL-1beta induced marked differences in the distribution of alpha-smooth muscle actin, proliferation marker Ki67, decidualization marker IGF-binding protein-1, and cyclooxygenase-1. The most marked effect of IL-1beta was the induction of IGF-binding protein-1 protein in stromal cells close to the apical surface, whereas cyclooxygenase-1 was down-regulated in the glandular epithelium. Protein arrays of uterine flushings showed significant suppression of death receptors, Fas and TNF receptor 1, in the hCG- with or without IL-1beta-treated groups, suggesting an inhibition of apoptosis. Additionally, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and IL-4 were suppressed in treated animals compared with controls. However, no differences were observed in cytokine profile between hCG-treated and hCG- plus IL-1beta-treated baboons. This study confirms that in preparation for pregnancy, the primate endometrium undergoes both morphological and functional changes, which are modulated by hCG and IL-1beta, that lead to the inhibition of apoptosis and the development of an immunotolerant environment. These changes suggest that infusion of IL-1beta at the time of implantation into the nonpregnant baboon treated with hCG synergizes with hCG and mimics the early endometrial events associated with the presence of an embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strakova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois, 820 South Wood Street (M/C 808), Chicago, Illinois 60612-7313, USA.
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18
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Julian J, Enders AC, Fazleabas AT, Carson DD. Compartmental distinctions in uterine Muc-1 expression during early pregnancy in cynomolgous macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and baboon (Papio anubis). Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1493-503. [PMID: 15774539 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of the transmembrane mucin, Muc-1, is a molecular correlate of the acquisition of uterine receptivity to embryo adhesion in most species examined. In macaques, two distinct adhesion events occur at opposite sides of the uterus. Attachment to the secondary site is delayed relative to the primary site. The aim was to determine if Muc-1 is removed at secondary sites prior to trophoblast attachment. METHODS We examined Muc-1 expression in the uteri of cynomolgus macaque and baboon during early implantation by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Luminal epithelia were devoid of Muc-1 at all stages examined at both primary and secondary adhesion sites. Loss of Muc-1 in luminal epithelia was found to be maternally determined, accompanied membrane transformation in both macaque and baboon, and at secondary implantation sites, preceded trophoblast attachment. In contrast, glandular epithelia in pregnant macaques exhibited a temporal and compartmentalized gradient of Muc-1 loss confined to the implantation sites. Glandular epithelia in the pregnant baboon uterus were uniformly negative for Muc-1. CONCLUSIONS Restriction of the Muc-1 loss in glandular epithelia to conceptual cycles may reflect the fundamental distinctions among epithelia of the various uterine compartments and the differential modulation of Muc-1 that occurs within these compartments in conceptual and non-conceptual cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Kaspareit J, Friderichs-Gromoll S, Buse E, Habermann G, Vogel F. Spontaneous epithelial plaques in the uterus of a non-pregnant cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 56:9-12. [PMID: 15581270 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two epithelial plaques were observed in the uterus of a 4 years 8 month old non-pregnant cynomolgus monkey. Normally, epithelial plaques occur near the implantation site of primates during early pregnancy but can also be induced by various procedures. Both plaques consisted of clusters and nest of cells with large nuclei and a faintly basophilic cytoplasm. Marked cellular pleomorphism was seen, including cells with giant nuclei and binucleated cells. Further histological features were vacuolation, mitosis and PAS-positive granules in several cells and polymorphonuclear infiltration in the periphery of the plaque. This is the second description of a spontaneous epithelial plaque in a primate and the first in a cynomolgus monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kaspareit
- Department of Pathology, Covance Laboratories, Kesselfeld 29, D-48163 Münster, Germany.
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Rosario GX, Modi DN, Sachdeva G, Manjramkar DD, Puri CP. Morphological events in the primate endometrium in the presence of a preimplantation embryo, detected by the serum preimplantation factor bioassay. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:61-71. [PMID: 15576397 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal modulation of the endometrium towards receptivity is well established; however, the role of embryonic stimuli in modulation of the endometrium prior to implantation, especially in primates, is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the endometrial histology when the embryo was present in its vicinity prior to implantation. METHODS Preimplantation factor (PIF) bioassay was used as a tool to detect the presence of an embryo in the uterine lumen of mated bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) (n=9). The control group comprised seven non-mated animals. The specificity of the PIF bioassay for the presence of an embryo was tested by studies in pregnant humans and monkeys. The effects of embryonic stimuli on the endometrial morphology were analysed by routine haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of CD34, an endothelial cell marker, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker for blood vessel maturation, and prolactin, a marker of endometrial decidualization, were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS That PIF is embryo specific was established by its presence in sera of pregnant humans, monkeys and also in embryo culture media. Six mated bonnet monkeys were found to be PIF positive. Morphologically, the endometria from these PIF-positive animals showed the presence of the pre-epithelial plaque reaction, increased angiogenesis and stromal compaction. The significantly increased number of CD34- and alpha-SMA-positive blood vessels (P<0.05) in the endometria of PIF-positive animals indicated increased angiogenesis in response to embryonic stimuli. The endometrial expression of immunoreactive prolactin was also significantly increased (P<0.05) in the PIF-positive animals, indicating decidualization. CONCLUSIONS Using PIF as a marker to detect early pregnancy in bonnet monkeys, we have shown that the embryo induces a pre-epithelial plaque type of reaction, increased angiogenesis and decidual reaction in the endometrium prior to implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracy X Rosario
- Primate Biology Department and Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai-400012, Maharashtra, India
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