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Yang T, Yuan J, Peng Y, Pang J, Qiu Z, Chen S, Huang Y, Jiang Z, Fan Y, Liu J, Wang T, Zhou X, Qian S, Song J, Xu Y, Lu Q, Yin X. Metformin: A promising clinical therapeutical approach for BPH treatment via inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormones-induced prostatic epithelial cells proliferation. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:52-68. [PMID: 38352949 PMCID: PMC10859540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones, and metformin (Met) had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease. However, whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear. Here, our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell (PEC) proliferation, sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients. As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones, elevated dihydrotestosterone (DHT) had a significant positive relationship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients. Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein (YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD4) heterodimers. Met's anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 overexpression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells. Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jiale Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Shangxiu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222061, China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yilin Fan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jinfang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222061, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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cFLIP L Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:225-238. [PMID: 34767133 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is an essential regulator of apoptosis and plays a major role in regulating ERS. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of long isoform cFLIP (cFLIPL) on endogenous apoptosis and the mechanism of ERS in MIRI. METHODS The cFLIPL recombinant adenovirus vector was used to infect H9c2 cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. After infection for 72 h, ischemia was induced for 30 min, and reperfusion was then performed for 2 h to establish the MIRI model in SD rats. H9c2 cells were hypoxic for 4 h and then reoxygenated for 12 h to simulate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Model parameters were evaluated by assessing cardiomyocyte viability, cell death (apoptosis), and ERS-related protein expression. In addition, tunicamycin (TM), an ERS agonist, was also added to the medium for pretreatment. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) of cFLIPL and p38 MAPK protein was performed. RESULTS cFLIPL expression was decreased in I/R injury and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, and cFLIPL overexpression reduced myocardial infarction in vivo and increased the viability of H9c2 cells in vitro. I/R and H/R upregulated the protein expression of GRP78, IRE-1, and PERK to induce ERS and apoptosis. Interestingly, overexpression of cFLIPL significantly inhibited ERS and subsequent apoptosis, which was reversed by an agonist of ERS. Moreover, Co-IP showed that cFLIPL attenuated ERS and was associated with inhibiting the activation of p38 protein. CONCLUSION The expression of cFLIPL is significantly downregulated in MIRI, and it is accompanied by excessive ERS and apoptosis. Upregulated cFLIPL suppresses ERS to reduce myocardial apoptosis, which is associated with inhibiting the activity of p38 MAPK. Therefore, cFLIPL may be a potential intervention target for MIRI.
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