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Jwa SC, Ishihara O, Kuwahara A, Saito K, Saito H, Terada Y, Kobayashi Y, Maeda E. Social capital and use of assisted reproductive technology in young couples: Ecological study using application information for government subsidies in Japan. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100995. [PMID: 34950764 PMCID: PMC8671120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a globally established treatment; however, large disparities exist in ART use among young couples. We investigated regional-level factors associated with ART use in Japan. METHODS We calculated the use rate of ART using the number of women aged <35 years who applied for government subsidies in 2017; we divided that figure by the number of women aged 20-35 years in each prefecture. Prefectural-level average household income; social capital indicators including voting rate, volunteer rate, and move-in rate; and Gini coefficients as indicators of income inequality were linked to ART use, adjusting for prefectural size, the mean age of women at first marriage, number of ART facilities, and additional prefectural subsidies. RESULTS The rate of ART use (per 10,000 women) varied significantly from 22.0 to 58.8 across Japan's 47 prefectures. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the use rate increased by 0.048 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.007 to 0.088) for each 10,000-yen increase in average household income and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.65 to 2.3) for each 1% increase in volunteer rate. Conversely, the use rate decreased by 18.4 (95% CI, -28.6 to -8.1) for each 1% increase in the move-in rate. There was no significant association between ART use and income inequality. CONCLUSION Although we cannot infer causal relationships, the findings suggest that improving financial access and enhancing social capital may increase access to ART. Further research, particularly multilevel analysis using individual data, is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chik Jwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal, and Maternal Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Umegaoka Women's Clinic, 1-33-3, Umegaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-0022, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Jwa SC, Ishihara O, Kuwahara A, Saito K, Saito H, Terada Y, Kobayashi Y, Maeda E. Cumulative live birth rate according to the number of receiving governmental subsidies for assisted reproductive technology in Saitama Prefecture, Japan: A retrospective study using individual data for governmental subsidies. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:451-459. [PMID: 34646073 PMCID: PMC8499586 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in women receiving governmental subsidies for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. METHODS Women who applied for subsidies from Saitama Prefectural Government for the first time in 2016 were enrolled and followed up until the end of 2017. Treatment information, including live birth, was obtained from the Japanese ART registry by linking it with unique identification numbers for treatment. Patients' factors associated with having a live birth were investigated. RESULTS Of 1,072 women (2,513 applications), 495 (46.2%) had a live birth with 8 (1.6%) twin pregnancies. The CLBR over six subsidized cycles was 53.7% for women aged <40 years, and 17.2% over three subsidized cycles for women 40-42 years; highest among women <35 years (58.4%), followed by those aged 35-39 years (49.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed patient age as the only independent factor for having a live birth. CONCLUSIONS The CLBR of women receiving subsidies for ART was greatest in women aged <35 years. Effective policies for promoting ART among younger couples who seek infertility treatment are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chik Jwa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Osamu Ishihara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Comprehensive Reproductive MedicineGraduate SchoolTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public HealthAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
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Yang S, Zheng W, Yang C, Zu R, Ran S, Wu H, Mu M, Sun S, Zhang N, Thorne RF, Guan Y. Integrated Analysis of Hub Genes and MicroRNAs in Human Placental Tissues from In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774997. [PMID: 34867824 PMCID: PMC8632620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Supraphysiological hormone exposure, in vitro culture and embryo transfer throughout the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures may affect placental development. The present study aimed to identify differences in genomic expression profiles between IVF-ET and naturally conceived placentals and to use this as a basis for understanding the underlying effects of IVF-ET on placental function. METHODS Full-term human placental tissues were subjected to next-generation sequencing to determine differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and genes (DEGs) between uncomplicated IVF-ET assisted and naturally conceived pregnancies. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and transcription factor enrichment analysis were used for DEmiRs. MiRNA-mRNA interaction and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. In addition, hub genes were obtained by using the STRING database and Cytoscape. DEGs were analyzed using GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated through qRT-PCR. RESULTS Compared against natural pregnancies, 12 DEmiRs and 258 DEGs were identified in IVF-ET placental tissues. In a validation cohort, it was confirmed that hsa-miR-204-5p, hsa-miR-1269a, and hsa-miR-941 were downregulation, while hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-31-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p were upregulation in IVF-ET placentas. Functional analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in angiogenesis, pregnancy, PI3K-Akt and Ras signaling pathways. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network revealed the contribution of 10 miRNAs and 109 mRNAs while EGFR was the most highly connected gene among ten hub genes in the PPI network. CONCLUSION Even in uncomplicated IVF-ET pregnancies, differences exist in the placental transcriptome relative to natural pregnancies. Many of the differentially expressed genes in IVF-ET are involved in essential placental functions, and moreover, they provide a ready resource of molecular markers to assess the association between placental function and safety in IVF-ET offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruowen Zu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Ran
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingkun Mu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Simin Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichun Guan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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