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Mahey R, Rajput M, Dada R, Kalaivani M, Gupta M, Cheluvaraju R, Malhotra N, Saini M, Bhatt A, Kumar M, Singh N, Bhatla N. Prevalence of FSH-R Asn680Ser and Ala307Thr receptor polymorphism and their correlation with ART outcomes among infertile Indian-Asian women-a prospective cohort study. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:365-372. [PMID: 38664537 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
The present prospective cohort study evaluated the prevalence of FSH-R receptor Asn680Ser and Ala307Thr among infertile Indian women and the correlation of these polymorphisms with ART outcomes. Total 804 infertile and 209 fertile controls were enrolled for FSH-R analysis. Correlation of different genotypes with ovarian reserve markers, IVF parameters, and cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) was done among women undergoing IVF. In fertile controls, at 680 position GG (Ser/Ser) was the most common genotype; but among infertile women, all the genotypes were equally distributed. There was no significant difference in ovarian response parameters, oocyte yield, and CLBR among the three genotype groups. Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) was highest in women with AA or AG type at both positions. On categorisation of unexpected poor responders according to POSEIDON stratification; GG genotype at both positions had the lowest risk ratio of low-oocyte yield in ART cycles, but these differences were not statistically significant. This is the largest study from Indian ethnicity showing GG (Ser/Ser) genotype is most common among fertile women. The effect of FSH-R genotypes is very marginal on IVF parameters and is not reflected in CLBR. More prospective data may be required on the correlation of these genotypes with genuine EFS, thus stratifying the next cycles with self or donor oocytes. Routine genetic testing of FSH-R polymorphism should not be done except in a research setting. As both 680 and 307 positions are in linkage disequilibrium, only 680 position analysis may be done in a research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Mahey
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Monika Rajput
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Deptt of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Gupta
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohitha Cheluvaraju
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Bhatt
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Deptt of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Deptt of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Long C, Benny P, Yap J, Lee J, Huang Z. A Systematic Review of Genetics and Reproductive Health Outcomes: Asian Perspective. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:309-319. [PMID: 37524971 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last four decades, advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have offered hope to individuals with fertility problems to conceive. However, a closer examination of the clinical outcomes of ART shows a stark contrast in Asian women compared to Caucasians, with majority of studies reporting lower reproductive success among Asian women. We performed a systematic review to elucidate the genes associated with ART clinical outcomes, with a focus on Asian ethnicities. We completed a database search to identify all studies associated with reproductive outcomes in women of different ethnic backgrounds. Following PRISMA, 128 studies were analyzed. Pathway analysis of gene sets was done using Cytoscapev3.4.0. We observed that age at menarche (AAM) was correlated with the timing of the first pregnancy, with Hawaiians having the lowest age (22.2 years) and Japanese the highest age (25.0 years). LIN28 mutations were associated with AAM and prevalent in both Chinese and American populations. FMR1 was most associated with ovarian reserve. Network analysis highlighted a close association between FMR1, FSHR, ESR1, BMP15, and INHA, through biological functions affecting menstrual cycle and hypothalamic-pituitary axis and therefore ovarian follicle development. Leveraging these findings, we propose the development of a personalized, ethnic-specific biomarker panel which would enhance patient stratification to address every woman's unique reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Level 12 NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Paula Benny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Level 12 NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre of Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeannie Yap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Level 12 NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jovin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Level 12 NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre of Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Level 12 NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre of Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Uncu G, Aslan K, Cakir C, Avci B, Kasapoglu I, Alviggi C. Do we overlook predictive factors in Poseidon 1 patients? A retrospective analysis co-evaluating antral follicle counts & diameters. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38169411 PMCID: PMC10759700 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unexpected impaired ovarian response pertains to an insufficient reaction to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. This deficient reaction is identified by a reduced count of mature follicles and retrieved oocytes during an IVF cycle, potentially diminishing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy. This research seeks to examine whether the characteristics of antral follicles can serve as predictive indicators for the unexpected impaired ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. The electronic database of the ART (assisted reproductive technologies) center was screened between the years 2012-2022. Infertile women under 35 years, with normal ovarian reserve [anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) > 1.2 ng/ml, antral follicle count (AFC) > 5] who underwent their first controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycle were selected. Women with < 9 oocytes retrieved (group 1 of the Poseidon classification) constituted the group A, whereas those with ≥ 9 oocytes severed as control (normo-responders) one (group B). Demographic, anthropometric and hormonal variables together with COS parameters of the two groups were compared. RESULTS The number of patients with < 9 oocytes (group A) was 404, and those with ≥ 9 oocytes were 602 (group B). The mean age of the group A was significantly higher (30.1 + 2.9 vs. 29.4 + 2.9, p = 0.01). Group A displayed lower AMH and AFC [with interquartile ranges (IQR); AMH 1.6 ng/ml (1-2.6) vs. 3.5 ng/ml (2.2-5.4) p < 0.01, AFC 8 (6-12) vs. 12 (9-17), p < 0.01]. The number of small antral follicles (2-5 mm) of the group A was significantly lower [6 (4-8) vs. 8 (6-12) p < 0.01), while the larger follicles (5-10 mm) remained similar [3 (1-5) vs. 3(1-6) p = 0.3] between the groups. CONCLUSION The propensity of low ovarian reserve and higher age are the main risk factors for the impaired ovarian response. The proportion of the small antral follicles may be a predictive factor for ovarian response to prevent unexpected poor results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Uncu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Kiper Aslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cihan Cakir
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Histology and Embryology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Avci
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Histology and Embryology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Isil Kasapoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Bianco B, Loureiro FA, Trevisan CM, Christofolini DM, Laganà AS, Barbosa CP. Implication of FSHB rs10835638 variant in endometriosis in Brazilian women. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eAO0483. [PMID: 37909652 PMCID: PMC10586852 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta gene rs10835638 variant (c.-211G>T) may have detrimental effects on fertility and protective effects against endometriosis. A case-control analysis was performed, aiming to investigate the possible relationship between this variant and the development and/or progression of endometriosis. METHODS This study included 326 women with endometriosis and 482 controls without endometriosis, both confirmed by inspection of the pelvic cavity during surgery. Genotyping was performed using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Genotype and allele frequencies and genetic models were compared between the groups. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of the rs10835638 variant did not differ between women with and those without endometriosis. Subdividing the endometriosis group into fertile and infertile groups did not result in a significant difference in these frequencies. However, the subgroup with minimal/mild endometriosis had a higher frequency of the GT genotype than the Control Group, regardless of fertility. The T allele was significantly more common in women with minimal/mild endometriosis than in the Control Group in the recessive model. CONCLUSION The T allele is associated with the development of minimal/mild endometriosis in Brazilian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianco
- Centro Universitário FMABCSanto AndréSPBrazil Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Altheman Loureiro
- Centro Universitário FMABCSanto AndréSPBrazil Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Centro Universitário FMABCSanto AndréSPBrazil Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS “Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli”Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS “Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli”, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Centro Universitário FMABCSanto AndréSPBrazil Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Shi Y, Miao BY, Ai XX, Cao P, Gao J, Xu Y, Yang Q, Fei J, Zhang Q, Mai QY, Wen YX, Qu YL, Zhou CQ, Xu YW. Identification of common genetic polymorphisms associated with down-regulated gonadotropin levels in an exome-wide association study. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:671-681. [PMID: 37001689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether common genetic polymorphisms are associated with gonadotropin levels after down-regulation with daily gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and whether the polymorphisms of candidate variants influence the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins. DESIGN Genetic association study. SETTING University-affiliated in vitro fertilization center. PATIENTS Subjects enrolled in an exploratory exome-wide association study (n = 862), a replication exome-wide association study (n = 86), and a classifier validation study (n = 148) were recruited from September 2016 to October 2018, September 2019 to September 2020, and January 2021 to December 2021, respectively. The included patients were aged ≤40 years and had a basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≤12 IU/L. INTERVENTIONS All participants received a luteal phase down-regulation long protocol. Genome DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes. For the exploratory and replication cohorts, exome sequencing was conducted on a HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification technique and next-generation sequencing also were performed in the exploratory and replication cohorts. For the samples of the validation cohort, Sanger sequencing was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was the gonadotropin levels after down-regulation, and the secondary endpoints were hormone levels and follicle diameters during stimulation, the total dose of FSH, duration of FSH stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, and clinical pregnancy rate. RESULTS In the exploratory cohort, we identified that FSHB rs6169 (P=2.71 × 10-24) and its single-nucleotide polymorphisms in high linkage disequilibrium were associated with the down-regulated FSH level. The same locus was confirmed in the replication cohort. Women carrying the C allele of FSHB rs6169 exhibited higher average estradiol level during stimulation (P=6.82 × 10-5), shorter duration of stimulation, and less amount of exogenous FSH (Pduration=0.0002; Pdose=0.0024). In the independent validation set, adding rs6169 genotypes into the prediction model for FSH level after down-regulation enhanced the area under the curve from 0.560 to 0.712 in a logistic regression model, and increased prediction accuracy by 41.05% when a support vector machine classifier was applied. CONCLUSION The C allele of FSHB rs6169 is a susceptibility site for the relatively high level of FSH after down-regulation, which may be associated with increased ovarian FSH sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben-Yu Miao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Xiong Ai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of the South Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Qing-Yun Mai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Xing Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Lin Qu
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Can-Quan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Alviggi C, Longobardi S, Papaleo E, Santi D, Alfano S, Vanni VS, Campitiello MR, De Rosa P, Strina I, Huhtaniemi I, Pursiheimo JP, D'Hooghe T, Humaidan P, Conforti A. Genetic Variants of Gonadotropins and Their Receptors Could Influence Controlled Ovarian Stimulation: IVF Data from a Prospective Multicenter Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1269. [PMID: 37372449 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific polymorphisms might influence controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Data regarding possible interactions of these polymorphisms are still scanty. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms of gonadotropins and their receptors in women undergoing ART. METHODS A total of 94 normogonadotropic patients from three public ART units were enrolled. Patients underwent a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) long down-regulation protocol with a starting dose of 150 IU of recombinant follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) daily. Eight polymorphisms were genotyped. RESULTS A total of 94 women (mean age 30.71 ± 2.61) were recruited. Fewer fertilized and mature oocytes were retrieved in homozygous carriers of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) 291 (T/T) than in heterozygous C/T carriers (p = 0.035 and p = 0.05, respectively). In FSH receptor (FSHR) rs6165 and FSHR rs6166 carriers, the ratio between total gonadotropin consumption and number of oocytes retrieved differed significantly among three genotypes (p = 0.050), and the ratio was lower in homozygous A/A carriers than in homozygous G/G and heterozygous carriers. Women who co-expressed allele G in FSHR-29 rs1394205 and FSHR rs6166 and allele C LHCGR 291 rs12470652 are characterized by an increased ratio between total FSH dosage and number of oocytes collected after ovarian stimulation (risk ratio: 5.44, CI 95%: 3.18-7.71, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that specific polymorphisms affect the response to ovarian stimulation. Despite this finding, more robust studies are required to establish the clinical utility of genotype analysis before ovarian stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Alfano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Campitiello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, ASL Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Rosa
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Strina
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Humaidan
- Fertility Clinic at Skive Regional Hospital, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
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7
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Yang X, Yang L. Current understanding of the genomic abnormities in premature ovarian failure: chance for early diagnosis and management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1194865. [PMID: 37332766 PMCID: PMC10274511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an insidious cause of female infertility and a devastating condition for women. POF also has a strong familial and heterogeneous genetic background. Management of POF is complicated by the variable etiology and presentation, which are generally characterized by abnormal hormone levels, gene instability and ovarian dysgenesis. To date, abnormal regulation associated with POF has been found in a small number of genes, including autosomal and sex chromosomal genes in folliculogenesis, granulosa cells, and oocytes. Due to the complex genomic contributions, ascertaining the exact causative mechanisms has been challenging in POF, and many pathogenic genomic characteristics have yet to be elucidated. However, emerging research has provided new insights into genomic variation in POF as well as novel etiological factors, pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic intervention approaches. Meanwhile, scattered studies of transcriptional regulation revealed that ovarian cell function also depends on specific biomarker gene expression, which can influence protein activities, thus causing POF. In this review, we summarized the latest research and issues related to the genomic basis for POF and focused on insights gained from their biological effects and pathogenic mechanisms in POF. The present integrated studies of genomic variants, gene expression and related protein abnormalities were structured to establish the role of etiological genes associated with POF. In addition, we describe the design of some ongoing clinical trials that may suggest safe, feasible and effective approaches to improve the diagnosis and therapy of POF, such as Filgrastim, goserelin, resveratrol, natural plant antitoxin, Kuntai capsule et al. Understanding the candidate genomic characteristics in POF is beneficial for the early diagnosis of POF and provides appropriate methods for prevention and drug treatment. Additional efforts to clarify the POF genetic background are necessary and are beneficial for researchers and clinicians regarding genetic counseling and clinical practice. Taken together, recent genomic explorations have shown great potential to elucidate POF management in women and are stepping from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Drakopoulos P, Khalaf Y, Esteves SC, Polyzos NP, Sunkara SK, Shapiro D, Rizk B, Ye H, Costello M, Koloda Y, Salle B, Lispi M, D'Hooghe T, La Marca A. Treatment algorithms for high responders: What we can learn from randomized controlled trials, real-world data and models. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 86:102301. [PMID: 36646567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A high ovarian response to conventional ovarian stimulation (OS) is characterized by an increased number of follicles and/or oocytes compared with a normal response (10-15 oocytes retrieved). According to current definitions, a high response can be diagnosed before oocyte pick-up when >18-20 follicles ≥11-12 mm are observed on the day of ovulation triggering; high response can be diagnosed after oocyte pick-up when >18-20 oocytes have been retrieved. Women with a high response are also at high risk of early ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS)/or late OHSS after fresh embryo transfers. Women at risk of high response can be diagnosed before stimulation based on several indices, including ovarian reserve markers (anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH] and antral follicle count [AFC], with cutoff values indicative of a high response in patients with PCOS of >3.4 ng/mL for AMH and >24 for AFC). Owing to the high proportion of high responders who are at the risk of developing OHSS (up to 30%), this educational article provides a framework for the identification and management of patients who fall into this category. The risk of high response can be greatly reduced through appropriate management, such as individualized choice of the gonadotropin starting dose, dose adjustment based on hormonal and ultrasound monitoring during OS, the choice of down-regulation protocol and ovulation trigger, and the choice between fresh or elective frozen embryo transfer. Appropriate management strategies still need to be defined for women who are predicted to have a high response and those who have an unexpected high response after starting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Drakopoulos
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Yakoub Khalaf
- Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil; Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaos P Polyzos
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent (UZ Gent), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sesh K Sunkara
- Department of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Botros Rizk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Hong Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing, China; Reproductive and Genetic Institute, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, No. 64 Jin Tang Street, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Michael Costello
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW and Royal Hospital for Women and Monash IVF, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yulia Koloda
- Center of Reproduction "Life Line", Moscow, Russia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bruno Salle
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin Du Petit Revoyet, Oullins, France; INSERM Unité, 1208, 18 Avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France
| | - Monica Lispi
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, USA
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and Clinica Eugin, Modena, Italy
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9
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Liu YL, Lee CI, Liu CH, Cheng EH, Yang SF, Tsai HY, Lee MS, Lee TH. Association between Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Gene Polymorphism and Clinical Outcomes among Young Women with Poor Ovarian Response to Assisted Reproductive Technology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030796. [PMID: 36769444 PMCID: PMC9917712 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Does the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene affect ovarian response in infertile young women? METHODS This was a case-control study recruiting 1744 infertile women between January 2014 to December 2015. The 1084 eligible patients were stratified into four groups using the POSEIDON criteria. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and LIF SNP genotypes were compared among the groups. The distributions of LIF and FSHR among younger and older patients were compared. Clinical outcomes were also compared. RESULTS The four groups of poor responders had different distributions of SNP in LIF. The prevalence of LIF genotypes among young poor ovarian responders differed from those of normal responders. Genetic model analyses in infertile young women revealed that the TG or GG genotype in the LIF resulted in fewer oocytes retrieved and fewer mature oocytes relative to the TT genotypes. In older women, the FSHR SNP genotype contributed to fewer numbers of mature oocytes. CONCLUSIONS LIF and FSHR SNP genotypes were associated with a statistically significant reduction in ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in younger and older women with an adequate ovarian reserve, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Liang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40602, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - En-Hui Cheng
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40602, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yu Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40602, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Surcel M, Doroftei B, Neamtiu IA, Muresan D, Caracostea G, Goidescu I, Staicu A, Nemeti G, Bloom MS, Zlatescu-Marton C. Impact of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Polymorphism on the Efficiency of Co-Treatment with Growth Hormone in a Group of Infertile Women from Romania. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102371. [PMID: 36292058 PMCID: PMC9600645 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
“Poor responders” (PR) are an important category of infertile women who experience a modest response to controlled ovarian stimulation. In this study, we evaluated response to growth hormone (GH) administration among PR patient subtypes stratified by follicle stimulation hormone receptor (FSHR) polymorphism (c.2039A > G p.Asn680Ser). We conducted a cohort study of 125 women with poor ovarian response, 58 of whom received GH in addition to the standard treatment, and 67 of whom received the standard treatment only. The Ala307Thr polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and the FSHR gene polymorphism was analyzed using a predesigned TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay (rs6166). A comparative analysis detected statistically significant differences in mean mature follicles (p = 0.0002), metaphase-II oocytes (p = 0.0005), progesterone levels (p = 0.0036), and IGF levels (follicle IGF1, p = 0.0004) between GH-treated and non-GH-treated participants with the FSHR (Ser/Ser) polymorphism. However, the differences were modest among participants with the other two FSHR polymorphisms (Ser/Asn and Asn/Asn). The subcategory of patients with the FSHR Asn680Ser (Ser/Ser) polymorphism showed a stronger response when GH was added to the IVF protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Surcel
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iulia Adina Neamtiu
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264432979; Fax: +40-264534404
| | - Daniel Muresan
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Caracostea
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulian Goidescu
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adelina Staicu
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Georgiana Nemeti
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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11
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Neves AR, Vuong NL, Blockeel C, Garcia S, Alviggi C, Spits C, Ma PQM, Ho MT, Tournaye H, Polyzos NP. The effect of polymorphisms in FSHR gene on late follicular phase progesterone and estradiol serum levels in predicted normoresponders. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2646-2654. [PMID: 36069495 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the presence of FSHR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect late follicular phase progesterone and estradiol serum levels in predicted normoresponders treated with rFSH? SUMMARY ANSWER The presence of FSHR SNPs (rs6165, rs6166, rs1394205) had no clinically significant impact on late follicular phase serum progesterone and estradiol levels in predicted normoresponders undergoing a GnRH antagonist protocol with a fixed daily dose of 150 IU rFSH. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have shown that late follicular phase serum progesterone and estradiol levels are significantly correlated with the magnitude of ovarian response. Several authors have proposed that individual variability in the response to ovarian stimulation (OS) could be explained by variants in FSHR. However, so far, the literature is scarce on the influence of this genetic variability on late follicular phase steroidogenic response. Our aim is to determine whether genetic variants in the FSHR gene could modulate late follicular phase serum progesterone and estradiol levels. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this multicenter multinational prospective study conducted from November 2016 to June 2019, 366 patients from Vietnam, Belgium and Spain (166 from Europe and 200 from Asia) underwent OS followed by oocyte retrieval in a GnRH antagonist protocol with a fixed daily dose of 150 IU rFSH. All patients were genotyped for 3 FSHR SNPs (rs6165, rs6166, rs1394205) and had a serum progesterone and estradiol measurement on the day of trigger. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Included patients were predicted normal responder women <38 years old undergoing their first or second OS cycle. The prevalence of late follicular phase progesterone elevation (PE), as well as mean serum progesterone and estradiol levels on the day of trigger were compared between the different FSHR SNPs genotypes. PE was defined as >1.50 ng/ml. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The overall prevalence of PE was 15.8% (n = 58). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of PE in Caucasian and Asian patients (17.5% versus 14.5%). Estradiol levels on the day of trigger and the number of retrieved oocytes were significantly higher in patients with PE (4779 ± 6236.2 versus 3261 ± 3974.5 pg/ml, P = 0.003, and 16.1 ± 8.02 versus 13.5 ± 6.66, P = 0.011, respectively). Genetic model analysis, adjusted for patient age, body mass index, number of retrieved oocytes and continent (Asia versus Europe), revealed a similar prevalence of PE in co-dominant, dominant and recessive models for variants FSHR rs6166, rs6165 and rs1394205. No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean late follicular phase progesterone serum levels according to the genotypes of FSHR rs6166 (P = 0.941), rs6165 (P = 0.637) and rs1394205 (P = 0.114) in the bivariate analysis. Also, no difference was found in the genetic model analysis regarding mean late follicular phase progesterone levels across the different genotypes. Genetic model analysis has also revealed no statistically significant difference regarding mean estradiol levels on the day of trigger in co-dominant, dominant and recessive models for variants FSHR rs6166, rs6165 and rs1394205. Haplotype analysis revealed a statistically significant lower estradiol level on the day of trigger for rs6166/rs6165 haplotypes GA, AA and GG when compared to AG (respectively, estimated mean difference (EMD) -441.46 pg/ml (95% CI -442.47; -440.45), EMD -673.46 pg/ml (95% CI -674.26; -672.67) and EMD -582.10 pg/ml (95% CI -584.92; -579.28)). No statistically significant differences were found regarding the prevalence of PE nor late follicular phase progesterone levels according to rs6166/rs6165 haplotypes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Results refer to a population of predicted normal responders treated with a normal/low fixed dose of 150 IU rFSH throughout the whole OS. Consequently, caution is needed before generalizing our results to all patient categories. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Based on our results, FSHR SNPs rs6165, rs6166 and rs1394205 do not have any clinically significant impact neither on late follicular phase serum progesterone nor on estradiol levels in predicted normal responders. These findings add to the controversy in the literature regarding the impact of individual genetic susceptibility in response to OS in this population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by an unrestricted grant by Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD, IISP56222). N.P.P. reports grants and/or personal fees from MSD, Merck Serono, Roche Diagnostics, Ferring International, Besins Healthcare, Gedeon Richter, Organon, Theramex and Institut Biochimique SA (IBSA). C.A. reports conference fees from Merck Serono, Medea and Event Planet. A.R.N., C.B., C.S., P.Q.M.M., H.T., C.B., N.L.V., M.T.H. and S.G. report no conflict of interests related to the content of this article. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03007043.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Neves
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,IVI-RMA Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N L Vuong
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,IVFMD and HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - C Blockeel
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Q M Ma
- IVFMD and HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M T Ho
- IVFMD and HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - H Tournaye
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproduction, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N P Polyzos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University (UZ Gent), Gent, Belgium
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12
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Polyzos NP, Ayoubi JM, Pirtea P. General infertility workup in times of high assisted reproductive technology efficacy. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:8-18. [PMID: 35725122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The assessments of oocyte quality and quantity and endocrine profile have traditionally been the cornerstone of the general workup of couples with infertility. Over the years, several clinical, hormonal, and functional biomarkers have been adopted to assess ovarian function and identify endocrine disorders before assisted reproductive technology. Furthermore, the genetic workup of patients has drastically changed, introducing novel markers. This not only allowed the prediction of response to ovarian stimulation but also contributed toward the development of a safer and more efficient management of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of the current and novel strategies adopted for the assessment of ovarian function and ovulatory and endocrine disorders in women planning to conceive. Furthermore, it aims to provide an insight in the role of novel genetic biomarkers and use of expanded carrier screening as part of preliminary workup of women with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P Polyzos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University (UZ Gent), Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jean Marc Ayoubi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch-Faculté de Medicine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), Suresnes, France
| | - Paul Pirtea
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch-Faculté de Medicine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), Suresnes, France
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13
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Rivero-Müller A, Huhtaniemi I. Genetic variants of gonadotrophins and their receptors: Impact on the diagnosis and management of the infertile patient. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 36:101596. [PMID: 34802912 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review is concerned with genetic variants of the genes encoding gonadotrophin subunits and their receptors, as well as their implications into the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. We first review briefly the basics of molecular biology and biochemistry of gonadotrophin and gonadotrophin receptor structure and function, then describe the phenotypic effects of polymorphisms and mutations of these genes, followed by diagnostic aspects. We will then summarise the information that inactivating gonadotrophin receptor mutations have provided about the controversial topic of extragonadal gonadotrophin action. Finally, we will close with the current and future therapeutic approaches on patients with gonadotrophin and their receptor mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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14
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Song D, Hong L, Zhang ZF, Xu JH, Zhang HQ, Huang XL, Du J. The FSHR G-29A variant is not associated with the ovarian response to exogenous FSH stimulation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13500. [PMID: 34558137 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A common genetic variant in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) 5'-untranslated region has been previously reported to influence FSHR gene expression. However, studies on the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of variants at positions -29 of the FSHR gene with the ovarian response to exogenous FSH stimulation in Chinese women. The genotypes of the FSHR gene were assayed using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Total RNA and protein was extracted from granulosa cells, and FSHR expression at the mRNA and protein levels was assessed using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Our data revealed that there was no association between the FSHR genotype at the -29 position and the outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation. The expression of FSHR, at both the mRNA and protein levels, was similar amongst the different FSHR genotypes assessed, but was significantly reduced in the low responders. These results indicate that the variants caused by mutations at position -29 are not associated with ovarian response, and the low ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation may be caused by decreased FSHR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Song
- Naval Medical University, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Qin Zhang
- Naval Medical University, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Liang Huang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Conforti A, Tüttelmann F, Alviggi C, Behre HM, Fischer R, Hu L, Polyzos NP, Chuderland D, Rama Raju GA, D’Hooghe T, Simoni M, Sunkara SK, Longobardi S. Effect of Genetic Variants of Gonadotropins and Their Receptors on Ovarian Stimulation Outcomes: A Delphi Consensus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:797365. [PMID: 35178027 PMCID: PMC8844496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.797365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Delphi consensus was conducted to evaluate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding gonadotropin and gonadotropin receptors on clinical ovarian stimulation outcomes following assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. METHODS Nine experts plus two Scientific Coordinators discussed and amended statements plus supporting references proposed by the Scientific Coordinators. The statements were distributed via an online survey to 36 experts, who voted on their level of agreement or disagreement with each statement. Consensus was reached if the proportion of participants agreeing or disagreeing with a statement was >66%. RESULTS Eleven statements were developed, of which two statements were merged. Overall, eight statements achieved consensus and two statements did not achieve consensus. The statements reaching consensus are summarized here. (1) SNP in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), rs6166 (c.2039A>G, p.Asn680Ser) (N=5 statements): Ser/Ser carriers have higher basal FSH levels than Asn/Asn carriers. Ser/Ser carriers require higher amounts of gonadotropin during ovarian stimulation than Asn/Asn carriers. Ser/Ser carriers produce fewer oocytes during ovarian stimulation than Asn/Asn or Asn/Ser carriers. There is mixed evidence supporting an association between this variant and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. (2) SNP of FSHR, rs6165 (c.919G>A, p.Thr307Ala) (N=1 statement): Few studies suggest Thr/Thr carriers require a shorter duration of gonadotropin stimulation than Thr/Ala or Ala/Ala carriers. (3) SNP of FSHR, rs1394205 (-29G>A) (N=1 statement): Limited data in specific ethnic groups suggest that A/A allele carriers may require higher amounts of gonadotropin during ovarian stimulation and produce fewer oocytes than G/G carriers. (4) SNP of FSH β-chain (FSHB), rs10835638 (-211G>T) (N=1 statement): There is contradictory evidence supporting an association between this variant and basal FSH levels or oocyte number. (5) SNPs of luteinizing hormone β-chain (LHB) and LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) genes (N=1 statement): these may influence ovarian stimulation outcomes and could represent potential future targets for pharmacogenomic research in ART, although data are still very limited. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi consensus provides clinical perspectives from a diverse international group of experts. The consensus supports a link between some variants in gonadotropin/gonadotropin receptor genes and ovarian stimulation outcomes; however, further research is needed to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Hermann M. Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Fischer
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liang Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nikolaos P. Polyzos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dana Chuderland
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Thomas D’Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Research Group Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ Systems, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sesh K. Sunkara
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Longobardi
- Global Clinical Development, Research and Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Salvatore Longobardi,
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16
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Bianco B, Loureiro FA, Trevisan CM, Peluso C, Christofolini DM, Montagna E, Laganà AS, Barbosa CP. Effects of FSHR and FSHB Variants on Hormonal Profile and Reproductive Outcomes of Infertile Women With Endometriosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:760616. [PMID: 34659133 PMCID: PMC8514996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.760616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) FSHB:c.-211G>T, FSHR:c.919G>A, and FSHR:c.2039G>A were reported to be associated with the variability in FSH and LH levels, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of FSHB:c.-211G>T, FSHR:c.919G>A, and FSHR:c.2039G>A variants, alone and combined, on the hormonal profile and reproduction outcomes of women with endometriosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed comprising 213 infertile Brazilian women with endometriosis who underwent IVF treatment. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan real-time PCR. Variables were compared according to the genotypes of each variant and genetic models, and the combined effects of the SNVs were evaluated using the multifactorial dimensionality reduction method. RESULTS FSHB:c.-211G>T affected LH levels in women with overall endometriosis and minimal/mild disease. FSHR:c.919G>A affected FSH levels in women with overall endometriosis and the number of oocytes retrieved in those with moderate/severe endometriosis. Moreover, the FSHR:c.2039G>A affected FSH levels in women with overall endometriosis, LH levels and total amount of rFSH in those with minimal/mild disease, and number of follicles and number of oocytes retrieved in those with moderate/severe endometriosis. No effect on hormone profile or reproductive outcomes was observed when the genotypes were combined. CONCLUSIONS Variants of the FSHB and FSHR genes separately interfered with the hormonal profiles and IVF outcomes of women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianco
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Department of Urology, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bianca Bianco,
| | - Flavia Altheman Loureiro
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carla Peluso
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Erik Montagna
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
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