1
|
Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Maftei R, Scripcariu IS, Armeanu T, Stoian IL, Ilea C. A Narrative Review Discussing Vasectomy-Related Impact upon the Status of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers and Semen Microbiota. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072671. [PMID: 37048754 PMCID: PMC10095584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Male contraceptive approaches besides tubal sterilization involve vasectomy and represent the method of choice among midlife men in developing countries thanks to many advantages. However, the subsidiary consequences of this intervention are insufficiently explored since the involved mechanisms may offer insight into a much more complex picture. Methods: Thus, in this manuscript, we aimed to reunite all available data by searching three separate academic database(s) (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus) published in the past two decades by covering the interval 2000–2023 and using a predefined set of keywords and strings involving “oxidative stress” (OS), “inflammation”, and “semen microbiota” in combination with “humans”, “rats”, and “mice”. Results: By following all evidence that fits in the pre-, post-, and vasectomy reversal (VR) stages, we identified a total of n = 210 studies from which only n = 21 were finally included following two procedures of eligibility evaluation. Conclusions: The topic surrounding this intricate landscape has created debate since the current evidence is contradictory, limited, or does not exist. Starting from this consideration, we argue that further research is mandatory to decipher how a vasectomy might disturb homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Maftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Sadyie Scripcariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Theodora Armeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Liviana Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A 16 Year Overview of Vasectomy and Vasectomy Reversal in the United Kingdom. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100105. [PMID: 36275402 PMCID: PMC9563195 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2022.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no current research to explain the trends in vasectomy and vasectomy reversals in the United Kingdom, leaving little understanding of the social phenomena involved. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide an overview of vasectomy as a main method (or primary method) of contraception and vasectomy reversals among men in the United Kingdom aged >16 years. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive statistics were generated from the National Health Service's publicly accessible datasets from 2004/2005 to 2019/2020, including data from 1,621,105 men. RESULTS Although men are increasing their use of contraceptive services, the number of men having vasectomies and vasectomy reversals has decreased significantly. CONCLUSION The researchers propose that more rigorous techniques for capturing data are required to understand vasectomy in the United Kingdom. There is also an urgent need for research on vasectomy in the United Kingdom and globally, not only to explain the behavioral trends found in this study, but also to explain the global trend.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hervás I, Valls L, Rivera-Egea R, Juliá MG, Navarro-Gomezlechon A, Garrido N, Martínez-Jabaloyas JM. TESE-ICSI outcomes per couple in vasectomized males are negatively affected by time since the intervention, but not other comorbidities. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:708-717. [PMID: 34391685 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does time since vasectomy (as obstructive interval) and the presence of different male comorbidities adversely affect the likelihood of achieving a newborn for vasectomized males undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)? DESIGN This retrospective study included 364 couples with vasectomized males undergoing TESE-ICSI cycles with autologous oocytes at IVI Valencia. The main outcome was live birth rate (LBR). Subjects were divided according to the male risk factor evaluated into quartiles (obstructive interval, body mass index [BMI]) or groups (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia). The reproductive outcomes were calculated per embryo transfer, per ovarian stimulation completed, and per couple. RESULTS The average obstructive interval was 11.3 years. The LBR was 34.4% (95% CI 30.1-38.6) per embryo transfer, 27.8% (95% CI 24.1-31.5) per ovarian stimulation and 46.2% (95% CI 41.8-51.3) per couple. When considering obstructive interval, a significantly lower LBR per couple (P = 0.04) was found in the group with the longest obstruction time: Q1 42.1% (95% CI 33.5-50.7), Q2 49.1% (95% CI 36.1-62.1), Q3 56.3% (95% CI 46.7-65.9) and Q4 37.2% (95% CI 26.5-47.9) but the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) was not affected (P = 0.63). LBR per ovarian stimulation of males with hypertension was significantly lower (P = 0.04) than healthy males: 13.5% (95% CI 2.5-24.5) and 28.6% (95% CI 24.7-32.5), respectively. The group of diabetic vasectomized males had a significantly higher CLBR (P = 0.02). The remaining risk factors assessed (smoking, dyslipidaemia and a high BMI) did not affect LBR compared with their healthy counterparts. CONCLUSION Time since vasectomy appears to negatively influence the LBR when assessed per couple. The CLBR was not affected by the obstructive interval or the presence of other male comorbidities apart from diabetes, which had a significant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hervás
- IVI Foundation, The Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Lorena Valls
- Urology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | | | - María Gil Juliá
- IVI Foundation, The Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | | | - Nicolás Garrido
- IVI Foundation, The Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
| | - José María Martínez-Jabaloyas
- Andrology Unit, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia 46015, Spain; Department of Surgery, Valencia University, Valencia 46010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bochiński A, Sujenthiran A, Al-Hussini M, Fruhwirth GO, Shabbir M, Yap T. 18 F-FDG PET/CT use in functional assessment of the testes: A systematic review. Andrology 2021; 9:1410-1421. [PMID: 34019736 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study analysed previous studies employing positron emission tomography with co-registered computer tomography (PET/CT) in andrological patient evaluation and assessed the differences in 2-[18 F]F-fluoro-2'-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake between three groups: healthy testes, benign and malignant testicular pathology. METHODS Medline and Embase were systematically searched for studies involving FDG-PET/CT imaging of testes with results expressed as mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean ). A one-way ANOVA was used to compare SUVmean between three groups. All papers assessing andrological parameters were pooled to compare fertility data. RESULTS Seventeen studies, including three relating to fertility diagnosis, with a total of 830 patients, were included in the review. One-way ANOVA showed a statistical difference between mean values of tracer SUVmean in healthy and malignant testes (Dif. = -2.77, 95% CI = -4.32 to 1.21, p < 0.01) as well as benign and malignant (Dif. = -2.95, 95% CI = -4.33 to -1.21, p < 0.01) but no difference between healthy and benign (Dif. = 0.19, 95% CI = -0.96 to 1.33, p = 0.90). There is some evidence to suggest that FDG uptake and testicular volume are positively correlated to total sperm count, sperm concentration and sperm motility and that germ cells are likely to account for the majority of testicular FDG accumulation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that malignant testicular lesions demonstrate a significantly higher FDG uptake than benign testicular lesions or healthy testes. Some evidence also suggests that FDG-PET could visualise metabolic activity and thus spermatogenesis; however more studies are required to determine whether FDG-PET could also be used to diagnose infertility. Further studies should focus on correlating both sex hormone-serum levels and semen analysis results with imaging data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Bochiński
- School of Bioscience Education, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Majed Shabbir
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tet Yap
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopes LS, Baccaglini W, von Muhlen B, Placco Araujo Glina F, Albertini Daiuto S, Linck Pazeto C, Glina S. Does acquired obstructive azoospermia have less impact than congenital azoospermia on ICSI results? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14096. [PMID: 33982319 DOI: 10.1111/and.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An electronic-based search was performed with MEDLINE bases through PubMed, Cochrane through Central, and Embase until August 2020 for the purpose of evaluating the impact of the aetiology of obstructive azoospermia on ICSI cycles. In the final analysis, there were 15 cohort studies included, comparing a group of patients with acquired azoospermia and others due to congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens submitted to ICSI. Those 15 articles within 4,480 couples were analysed, and similar fertilisation rate (65.1% vs. 65.3%; p = .38), pregnancy rate per cycle (40.0% vs. 43.1%; p = .06) and live birth rate (29.6% vs. 30.0%;p = .76) were found between groups. Comparing specifically post-vasectomy azoospermia and congenital groups, both presented a similar fertilisation rate (62.4% vs. 53.4%, respectively; OR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.79, 1.54; p = .56; I2 = 89%) and pregnancy rate per cycle (39.4% vs. 35.6%, respectively; OR 1.26; 95% CI, 0.96, 1.66; p = .09; I2 = 0%). However, a higher live birth rate was identified in the congenital group compared to vasectomy group (28.4% × 19.5%; OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11, 2.15; p = .01; I2 = 0%). The reasons for that are unclear and factors such as couple age and sperm DNA fragmentation should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Willy Baccaglini
- Department of Urology, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Bruno von Muhlen
- Department of Urology, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sidney Glina
- Department of Urology, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil.,Projeto Alfa, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang F, Li J, Dong L, Tan K, Huang X, Zhang P, Liu X, Chang D, Yu X. Review of Vasectomy Complications and Safety Concerns. World J Mens Health 2020; 39:406-418. [PMID: 32777870 PMCID: PMC8255399 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasectomy is a simple, safe, effective, and economical method used worldwide for long-term male contraception. As a surgical operation, it has short-term and long-term complications such as hematoma formation, infection, sterilization failure, sperm granulomas, short-term postoperative pain (nodal pain, scrotal pain, and ejaculation pain), and chronic pain syndrome. Whether it increases the risk of autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, testicular cancer, or prostate cancer is still controversial. Changes in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone after vasectomy have also been studied, as well as the relation between vasectomy and sexual function. Sperm quality decreases very slowly after vasectomy, and vasovasostomy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection could help a couple achieve a pregnancy if they change their minds at any point. We include a follow-up strategy and suggestions for follow-up care at the end of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peihai Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhang Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Degui Chang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xujun Yu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopes LS, Cury VN, Cha JD, Lampa Junior VM, Marques JL, Mizrahi FE, Figueiredo FWDS, Barbosa CP, Glina S. Do assisted reproduction outcomes differ according to aetiology of obstructive azoospermia? Andrologia 2019; 52:e13425. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Seligra Lopes
- Department of Urology Faculdade de Medicina do ABC Santo André Brazil
- Instituto Idéia Fértil de Saúde Reprodutiva Santo André Brazil
| | | | | | - Valdir Martins Lampa Junior
- Department of Urology Faculdade de Medicina do ABC Santo André Brazil
- Instituto Idéia Fértil de Saúde Reprodutiva Santo André Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Instituto Idéia Fértil de Saúde Reprodutiva Santo André Brazil
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Population Genetics Faculdade de Medicina do ABC Santo André Brazil
| | - Sidney Glina
- Department of Urology Faculdade de Medicina do ABC Santo André Brazil
- Projeto Alfa São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nassiri N, English M, Lashkari N, Wei J, Samplaski MK. Reproductive Urologist and Gynecologist Involvement in Postvasectomy Sperm Retrieval Procedures at American Fertility Clinics. Urology 2019; 133:116-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Borges E, Braga DPDAF, Iaconelli A, Setti AS. The obstructive interval predicts pregnancy rates in post-vasectomy patients undergoing ICSI with surgical sperm retrieval. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Ansari A, Badar A, Lohiya N. Safety evaluation through genotoxicity and apoptotic markers following RISUG® induced contraception and its reversal in male rabbits. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Datta AK, Nayini K, Eapen A, Barlow S, Lockwood G. Can we predict the chance of successful epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration following vasectomy? HUM FERTIL 2016; 19:120-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2016.1191681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Bocca S, Moussavi V, Brugh V, Morshedi M, Stadtmauer L, Oehninger S. ICSI outcomes in men undergoing TESE for azoospermia and impact of maternal age. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27198124 DOI: 10.1111/and.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study compared clinical outcomes in men with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia after ICSI following testicular sperm extraction and the influence of maternal age. Fertilisation rates, embryo quality, pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates and live birth rates were evaluated. Men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) had significantly higher rates of diploid fertilisation and clinical pregnancy than men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), but miscarriage rates and live birth rates were not significantly different. The higher rates of fertilisation, embryo quality and clinical pregnancy in men with OA were statistically significant when their female partners were <35 years but results were similar in both groups when female partners ≥35 years. Although the OA group had better overall quality embryos than the NOA group when maternal age was <35 years, embryologists can select the morphologically better embryos for transfer, eliminating the effect of embryo quality differences present in these two groups. Understanding more about factors that affect TESE/ICSI outcomes will not only help us predict patients' outcomes but it can help us educate and better counsel our patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bocca
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - V Moussavi
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - V Brugh
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - M Morshedi
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - L Stadtmauer
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - S Oehninger
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaffee BK, Beck AP, Owston MA, Kumar S, Baze WB, Magden ER, Dick EJ, Lammey M, Abee CR. Spontaneous Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Captive Chimpanzees. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:425-35. [PMID: 26823448 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815620654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have served as an important model for studies of reproductive diseases and aging-related disorders in humans. However, limited information is available about spontaneously occurring reproductive tract lesions in aging chimpanzees. In this article, the authors present histopathologic descriptions of lesions identified in the reproductive tract, including the mammary gland, of 33 female and 34 male aged chimpanzees from 3 captive populations. The most common findings in female chimpanzees were ovarian atrophy, uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and endometrial atrophy. The most common findings in male chimpanzees were seminiferous tubule degeneration and lymphocytic infiltrates in the prostate gland. Other less common lesions included an ovarian granulosa cell tumor, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, an endometrial polyp, uterine artery hypertrophy and mineralization, atrophic vaginitis, mammary gland inflammation, prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, dilated seminal vesicles, a sperm granuloma, and lymphocytic infiltrates in the epididymis. The findings in this study closely mimic changes described in the reproductive tract of aged humans, with the exception of a lack of malignant changes observed in the mammary gland and prostate gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Chaffee
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - A P Beck
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - M A Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S Kumar
- National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - W B Baze
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - E R Magden
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - E J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Lammey
- Alamogordo Primate Facility, Alamogordo, NM, USA
| | - C R Abee
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alpcan S, Başar H, Aydos TR, Kul O, Kısa Ü, Başar MM. Apoptosis in testicular tissue of rats after vasectomy: evaluation of eNOS, iNOS immunoreactivities and the effects of ozone therapy. Turk J Urol 2015; 40:199-206. [PMID: 26328178 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2014.76892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and apoptotic index in rat testicular tissue, as well as serum and seminal plasma sex hormone levels after vasectomy, and the effect of ozone therapy (OT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were used (n=6 per group). Control (G1), sham for 4 weeks (G2) or 6 weeks (G3), orchiectomy at the 4(th) (G4) or 6(th) (G5) week after left vasectomy, orchiectomy at the 4(th) (G6) or 6(th) (G7) week after bilateral vasectomy, orchiectomy after 6 weeks OT following left (G8) or bilateral (G9) vasectomy, orchiectomy after 6 weeks OT (G10). RESULTS In the left testes, while there were increases in eNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity and apoptotic indexes in G4 and G5, no changes were observed in contralateral testis. These values increased in G6 and G7, while OT inhibited these parameters in the left testis of G8 and both testes of G9. Sex hormone levels did not show any changes after vasectomy and ozone therapy. CONCLUSION While OT was found to be protective against some parameters mentioned above under stress conditions, it seemed to cause some harmful effects when used in healthy conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Alpcan
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Halil Başar
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Tolga Reşat Aydos
- Department of Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kul
- Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Üçler Kısa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Murad Mehmet Başar
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hessel M, de Vries M, D'Hauwers KWM, Fleischer K, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA, Braat DDM, Ramos L. Cytological evaluation of spermatogenesis: a novel and simple diagnostic method to assess spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia using testicular sperm extraction specimens. Andrology 2015; 3:481-90. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hessel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - M. de Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - K. W. M. D'Hauwers
- Department of Urology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - K. Fleischer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | | | - D. D. M. Braat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - L. Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
DeRosa R, Lustik MB, Stackhouse DA, McMann LP. Impact of the 2012 American Urological Association Vasectomy Guidelines on Postvasectomy Outcomes in a Military Population. Urology 2015; 85:505-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
17
|
Seppan P, Krishnaswamy K. Long-term study of vasectomy in Macaca radiata--histological and ultrasonographic analysis of testis and duct system. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:151-60. [PMID: 24593799 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.896957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the long-term effect of vasectomy using the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) as a primate animal model. Animals weighing around 6 to 8 kg were randomly chosen for bilateral, unilateral vasectomy and sham-control. The postoperative periods of six months and two years were considered as short and long-term, respectively. Sperm were collected and subjected to analysis before euthanasia. The testes and epididymides were excised from euthanized animals then embedded in paraffin. Normal histological changes were observed in sham-operated animals and short-term contralateral testes. In contrast, marked alterations were observed in the testes and epididymides of both short and long-term groups. Seminiferous epithelium was thinned out showing marked depletion of germ cells in long-term; only a thin layer of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and fewer spermatocytes were seen. Exfoliation of germ cells and the occurrence of multinucleated giant cells were common features in these tubules. The epididymal tubular lumens were greatly dilated with accumulated spermatozoa in short and long-term animals; significant defects were observed in the epithelium of the long-term animals. Microscopic spermatic granulomas were noticed in epididymides and the vas deferens. Large granulomas were seen in long-term vasectomized monkeys, frequently compressing the surrounding structures. These granulomas could be visualized in ultrasound, however, only at the late stage of its occurrence. Sperm collected from the unilateral vasectomized animals showed a poor motility score in the capillary mucus penetration test (CMPT). Results indicate that the changes observed after vasectomy might be due to pressure initially, whereas in the long-term the damage was supplemented by autoimmune attack. With immunoglobulin (IgG) deposition in contra-lateral unoperated testis of unilateral vasectomized animals it also showed degenerative changes and a concomitant drop in sperm quality. Although, granulomatous reactions were observed in the epididymis and vas deferens but testes were spared from such reactions even in the long-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Seppan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Chennai , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Contraception allows within a heterosexual couple to have a more fulfilling as possible sexuality while protecting against the occurrence of unintended pregnancy. In a majority of couples, contraception is assumed by women. Currently, male contraceptive methods most commonly used are the male condom and vasectomy. Many other strategies, including hormonal contraceptive regimens, have been proposed and evaluated. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the various current and future male contraceptive methods.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu C, Ding X, Li H, Zhu C, Xiong C. Genome-wide promoter methylation profile of human testis and epididymis: identified from cell-free seminal DNA. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:288. [PMID: 23622456 PMCID: PMC3653781 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation analysis is useful for investigation of male fertility in mammals, whereas the reliance on tissues limits the research on human. We have previously found the presence of high concentration of cell-free seminal DNA (cfsDNA) in human semen. We proposed that some testis and epididymis-specific methylated promoters could be detected in human cfsDNA, and thus hold promise as noninvasive epigenetic biomarkers for male infertility, of which most cases are caused by defects in testicular sperm production or epididymal sperm maturation. Results The ejaculate of successfully vasectomized men does not contain any secretion from testis and epididymis. Here we compared genome-wide promoter methylation profiles in cfsDNA between health donors and post-vasectomy men. Promoters of 367 testis and epididymis-specific hypomethylated genes and 134 hypermethylated genes were identified. Subsequent validation by Methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation and MethyLight analysis confirmed the result of promoter microarray. Gene Ontology analysis revealed many genes involved in male reproduction. Conclusion We detected the testis and epididymis-specific methylated promoters in human cfsDNA, which may be used for noninvasive epigenetic biomarkers for the study and diagnosis of male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wu
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Vries M, Ramos L, Lacroix R, D'Hauwers K, Hendriks J, Kremer J, van der Vlag J, de Boer P. Chromatin remodelling initiation in spermatids: differences among human males. Andrology 2013; 1:421-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - L. Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - R. Lacroix
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - K. D'Hauwers
- Department of Urology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - J.C.M. Hendriks
- Department for Health Evidence; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - J.A.M. Kremer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - J. van der Vlag
- Nephrology Research Laboratory; Department of Nephrology; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - P. de Boer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miyaoka R, Esteves SC. Predictive factors for sperm retrieval and sperm injection outcomes in obstructive azoospermia: do etiology, retrieval techniques and gamete source play a role? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68 Suppl 1:111-9. [PMID: 23503960 PMCID: PMC3583159 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive azoospermia is a relatively common male infertility condition. The main etiologies of obstructive azoospermia include congenital, surgical-derived, traumatic and post-infectious cases. Although seminal tract reconstruction is a cost-effective treatment in most cases, this approach may not be feasible or desired in some cases. In such cases, assisted reproduction techniques offer a method for achieving pregnancy, notably via sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This process requires several considerations and decisions to be made, including the cause and duration of obstruction, which sperm retrieval technique to use, and whether to use fresh or frozen-thawed sperm. We present a review of obstructive azoospermia and assisted reproduction techniques, highlighting the most relevant aspects of the decision-making process for use in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miyaoka
- Referral Center for Male Reproduction, ANDROFERT - Andrology & Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Vries M, Ramos L, de Boer P. Immunofluorescent characterization of meiotic recombination in human males with variable spermatogenesis. Andrology 2012; 1:262-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; 6500 HB; The Netherlands
| | - L. Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; 6500 HB; The Netherlands
| | - P. de Boer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; 6500 HB; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Vries M, Ramos L, Housein Z, De Boer P. Chromatin remodelling initiation during human spermiogenesis. Biol Open 2012; 1:446-57. [PMID: 23213436 PMCID: PMC3507207 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last phase of spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, haploid round spermatids metamorphose towards spermatozoa. Extensive cytoplasmic reduction and chromatin remodelling together allow a dramatic decrease of cellular, notably nuclear volume. DNA packing by a nucleosome based chromatin structure is largely replaced by a protamine based one. At the cytoplasmic level among others the acrosome and perinuclear theca (PNT) are formed. In this study we describe the onset of chromatin remodelling to occur concomitantly with acrosome and PNT development. In spread human round spermatid nuclei, we show development of a DAPI-intense doughnut-like structure co-localizing with the acrosomal sac and sub acrosomal PNT. At this structure we observe the first gradual decrease of nucleosomes and several histones. Histone post-translational modifications linked to chromatin remodelling such as H4K8ac and H4K16ac also delineate the doughnut, that is furthermore marked by H3K9me2. During the capping phase of acrosome development, the size of the doughnut-like chromatin domain increases, and this area often is marked by uniform nucleosome loss and the first appearance of transition protein 2 and protamine 1. In the acrosome phase at nuclear elongation, chromatin remodelling follows the downward movement of the marginal ring of the acrosome. Our results indicate that acrosome development and chromatin remodelling are interacting processes. In the discussion we relate chromatin remodelling to the available data on the nuclear envelope and the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex of spermatids, suggesting a signalling route for triggering chromatin remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke De Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Vries M, Vosters S, Merkx G, D'Hauwers K, Wansink DG, Ramos L, de Boer P. Human male meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31485. [PMID: 22355370 PMCID: PMC3280304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian male gametogenesis the sex chromosomes are distinctive in both gene activity and epigenetic strategy. At first meiotic prophase the heteromorphic X and Y chromosomes are placed in a separate chromatin domain called the XY body. In this process, X,Y chromatin becomes highly phosphorylated at S139 of H2AX leading to the repression of gonosomal genes, a process known as meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), which has been studied best in mice. Post-meiotically this repression is largely maintained. Disturbance of MSCI in mice leads to harmful X,Y gene expression, eventuating in spermatocyte death and sperm heterogeneity. Sperm heterogeneity is a characteristic of the human male. For this reason we were interested in the efficiency of MSCI in human primary spermatocytes. We investigated MSCI in pachytene spermatocytes of seven probands: four infertile men and three fertile controls, using direct and indirect in situ methods. A considerable degree of variation in the degree of MSCI was detected, both between and within probands. Moreover, in post-meiotic stages this variation was observed as well, indicating survival of spermatocytes with incompletely inactivated sex chromosomes. Furthermore, we investigated the presence of H3K9me3 posttranslational modifications on the X and Y chromatin. Contrary to constitutive centromeric heterochromatin, this heterochromatin marker did not specifically accumulate on the XY body, with the exception of the heterochromatic part of the Y chromosome. This may reflect the lower degree of MSCI in man compared to mouse. These results point at relaxation of MSCI, which can be explained by genetic changes in sex chromosome composition during evolution and candidates as a mechanism behind human sperm heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke de Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Vosters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Merkx
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathleen D'Hauwers
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Derick G. Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Boer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
(18)F-FDG Uptake of Human Testis on PET/CT: Correlation with Age, Sex Hormones, and Vasectomy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 45:291-8. [PMID: 24900020 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-011-0108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate glucose metabolism of normal human testis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT and to assess possible correlations among age, the serum levels of sex hormones, and vasectomy. METHODS (18)F-FDG PET/CT was performed in 66 normal healthy men (50.8 ± 13.6 years, range 22-81), and mean standard uptake values (SUV) of (18)F-FDG in testis and adductor muscle were measured. Testis-muscle SUV ratios (T/M ratios) were calculated. Serum levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, and of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. We searched for correlations between T/M ratios and age and the serum concentrations of sex hormones. (18)F-FDG PET/CT was also performed in 32 vasectomized men (55.7 ± 7.8 years, range 38-71) and 52 nonvasectomized men (55.4 ± 11.6 years, range 37-72). Mean SUVs of testis and adductor muscle were measured, and T/M ratios were calculated. RESULTS A significant age-related decline was found in T/M ratio (r = -0.509, p < 0.0001). Serum levels of total testosterone and free testosterone were also found to be positively correlated with T/M ratio (r = 0.427, p = 0.0003; r = 0.435, p = 0.0003, respectively). The mean SUV and T/M ratio of vasectomized men were significantly lower than those of nonvasectomized men (p < 0.0378 and p = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Glucose metabolism in the testis in an adult population was found to be correlated with age, serum sex hormone level, and vasectomy history. These results indicate that testicular (18)F-FDG uptake may have attributed to testicular function and testicular histology. Our findings may have important implications for the interpretation of testicular (18)F-FDG uptake in the normal adult population.
Collapse
|
26
|
Minor A, Chow V, Ma S. Aberrant DNA methylation at imprinted genes in testicular sperm retrieved from men with obstructive azoospermia and undergoing vasectomy reversal. Reproduction 2011; 141:749-57. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Male factor infertility has been associated with abnormal DNA methylation at imprinted genes. Little information is available on the status of imprinting in the sperm of men with azoospermia, including the association between aberrant imprinting and obstructive azoospermia (OA) or non-OA (NOA). Analysis of DNA methylation at imprinted genes in the sperm of men undergoing vasectomy reversal would aid determination of whether aberrant imprinting is associated with obstruction. Testicular sperm was retrieved from testicular biopsies obtained from men with azoospermia (N=18), including OA (N=10), NOA (N=5), and unknown pathology (N=3), and from men undergoing vasectomy reversal (N=17). Sperm was also obtained from proven fertile men (N=9). DNA methylation was investigated at multiple CpG sites within the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of three imprinted genes,H19,IG-GTL2andMEST, using bisulphite sequencing. Unique clones representative of single cells were analyzed. We found a significant decrease in DNA methylation at theH19DMR in testicular sperm of azoospermic men compared with proven fertile men. The decrease was also significant between OA and proven fertile men, and between men undergoing vasectomy reversal and proven fertile men, suggesting that aberrant DNA methylation may be associated with obstruction. Changes in DNA methylation atIG-GTL2andMESTDMRs among groups were not significant. Our data suggest that imprinting abnormalities may be associated with obstruction and may occur in response to changes in testicular environment and not only spermatogenesis failure, as previously reported. Methylation at theH19DMR was particularly prone to modification in testicular sperm.
Collapse
|
27
|
Al-Maghrebi M, Kehinde EO, Anim JT. Survivin downregulation is associated with vasectomy-induced spermatogenic damage and apoptosis. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:449-54. [PMID: 21757935 DOI: 10.1159/000324551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of the apoptotic genes survivin, Bax and Bcl-2 in vasectomized rabbits and to determine their relation with vasectomy-induced spermatogenic impairment and germ cell apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve adult rabbits (6-12 months old) were divided into three groups: sham control, unilateral vasectomy or bilateral vasectomy. Six months after vasectomy, testicular tissue was analyzed for germ cell apoptosis and DNA fragmentation by the TUNEL assay and gel electrophoresis, respectively. Spermatogenesis was assessed using the Johnsen score. The relative gene expression of survivin, Bax and Bcl-2 was measured using reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared to sham animals, a significant decrease in testicular survivin mRNA levels was measured in the two vasectomy animal groups (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by a significant increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the vasectomized animals (p < 0.05). In addition, these data showed positive correlation with enhanced apoptotic index, damage to spermatogenesis and DNA fragmentation after vasectomy. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that vasectomy-induced damage to spermatogenesis due to testicular apoptosis may be associated with survivin downregulation and Bax overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Al-Maghrebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Epididymovasostomy as the first-line treatment of obstructive azoospermia in young couples with normal spermatogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20:594-601. [PMID: 20219429 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the management of obstructive azoospermia (OA), microsurgery is often replaced by testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Testicular biopsy and microsurgical side-to-side epididymovasostomy were performed in 34 azoospermic men with OA mostly due to inflammation. Ductal system patency was recovered in 21 (63.6%) men and natural pregnancy achieved in 13 (38.2%) of couples. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that ductal system patency and pregnancy were influenced by male and female age and testicular histology. The chance of obtaining patency was three times higher when male age was <38 years and two times higher when normal spermatogenesis alone was found to be present compared with mixed lesions. The chance of achieving a pregnancy was three times higher when the female partner's age was <29 years or normal spermatogenesis alone was present. The pregnancy rates obtained after surgery were not statistically different from those obtained by TESE-ICSI, but when also considering multiple pregnancies, miscarriages and side effects, the results obtained with surgery are better than those obtained with TESE-ICSI.
Collapse
|
29
|
Development of a scrotal vasocutaneous fistula producing viable spermatozoa 9 years after vasectomy. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:929.e17-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Magli MC, Gianaroli L, Ferraretti AP, Gordts S, Fredericks V, Crippa A. Paternal contribution to aneuploidy in preimplantation embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:536-42. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Peng B, Wang YP, Shang Y, Guo Y, Yang ZW. Effect of vasectomy via inguinal canal on spermatogenesis in rabbits. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:486-93. [PMID: 18385911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail (via the inguinal canal) in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis. METHODS Twenty-nine normal male Japanese white rabbits (aged 4-6 months) were subjected to unilateral close-ended (conventional) or open-ended (the cut end of the juxta-epididymal vas deferens not ligated) vasectomy via the inguinal canal. Ten days and 3 months after operation, testes, epididymides and vasa deferentia were removed and methacrylate resin-embedded sections prepared. The histology of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens was examined under light microscope, and the volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were quantitatively studied using stereological methods. RESULTS Neither of the methods of vasectomy led to apparent damage to spermatogenesis on the vasectomized side in comparison with the contralateral sham-operated side, but the juxta-epididymal vas deferens on the vasectomized side was highly distended and contained numerous sperm 3 months after operation. CONCLUSION Vasectomy away from the cauda epididymis has no significant early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Peng
- Morphometric Research Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, and School Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marmar JL, Sharlip I, Goldstein M. Results of Vasovasostomy or Vasoepididymostomy After Failed Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspirations. J Urol 2008; 179:1506-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel L. Marmar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Ira Sharlip
- University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gouletsou PG, Galatos AD, Fthenakis GC. Clinical, ultrasonographic and pathological features following unilateral vasectomy in rams. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 103:52-68. [PMID: 17188437 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vasectomy on testes and related structures of animal species and men are largely disputable. These possible effects were studied in the ram, an established experimental animal model used to investigate genitalia pathophysiology. In each of five rams, vasectomy in the left spermatic cord was carried out; subsequently, the clinical and ultrasonographic features were monitored up to 12 months post-operatively. The rams were sequentially euthanatized 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-operatively; gross- and histo-pathological examination of their testes and related structures were carried out. Four of the five rams developed sperm granulomas at the proximal to the testis end of vas deferens or/and at the tail of the epididymis; these were palpable from the first and the third month after vasectomy, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings on the vasectomy side were increased size and echogenicity of the epididymal tail, as well as anechoic areas, representing sperm granulomas, visible in the epididymal tail 1 week after vasectomy and in the proximal to the testis end of vas deferens 4 weeks after vasectomy. Gross pathological findings were limited on the vasectomy side and included adhesions between the parietal and the visceral vaginal tunic, enlarged and firm epididymal tail and presence of sperm granulomas at the epididymal tail or/and at the proximal to the testis end of vas deferens; the granulomas contained creamy material. Histopathological changes were observed mainly in the epididymal tails, consisting of a central mass of spermatozoa, surrounded by a layer of macrophages, surrounded in turn by loose vascular connective tissue rich in lymphocytes and plasma cells. With the exception of signs of mild hypospermatogenesis observed in one ram euthanatized 9 months after surgery, and of a slight increase in seminiferous tubule diameter and in seminiferous epithelium height in the rams euthanatized 6 and 9 months after surgery, which are both findings of no clinical importance, no clinical, ultrasonographic, gross- or other histo-pathological changes were observed in the testicular parenchyma during a 12-month post-operative period. These results demonstrate that vasectomy has little if any detrimental effect on the morphologic characteristics of the spermatogenesis in rams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pagona G Gouletsou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ellis PJI, Furlong RA, Conner SJ, Kirkman-Brown J, Afnan M, Barratt C, Griffin DK, Affara NA. Coordinated transcriptional regulation patterns associated with infertility phenotypes in men. J Med Genet 2007; 44:498-508. [PMID: 17496197 PMCID: PMC2597934 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.049650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microarray gene-expression profiling is a powerful tool for global analysis of the transcriptional consequences of disease phenotypes. Understanding the genetic correlates of particular pathological states is important for more accurate diagnosis and screening of patients, and thus for suggesting appropriate avenues of treatment. As yet, there has been little research describing gene-expression profiling of infertile and subfertile men, and thus the underlying transcriptional events involved in loss of spermatogenesis remain unclear. Here we present the results of an initial screen of 33 patients with differing spermatogenic phenotypes. METHODS Oligonucleotide array expression profiling was performed on testis biopsies for 33 patients presenting for testicular sperm extraction. Significantly regulated genes were selected using a mixed model analysis of variance. Principle components analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to interpret the resulting dataset with reference to the patient history, clinical findings and histological composition of the biopsies. RESULTS Striking patterns of coordinated gene expression were found. The most significant contains multiple germ cell-specific genes and corresponds to the degree of successful spermatogenesis in each patient, whereas a second pattern corresponds to inflammatory activity within the testis. Smaller-scale patterns were also observed, relating to unique features of the individual biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J I Ellis
- Mammalian Molecular Genetics Group, University of Cambridge Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bromage SJ, Douglas J, Falconer DA, Lieberman BA, Payne SR. Factors affecting successful outcome from ICSI in men following previous vasectomy. World J Urol 2007; 25:519-24. [PMID: 17609963 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-007-0182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting reports as to whether the interval between vasectomy and surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) for intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is related to clinical pregnancy (CPR), and live birth (LBR), rates. This study aimed to evaluate factors that may influence the outcome of ICSI in males with secondary azoospermia due to previous vasectomy. We analysed the medical records of 198 azoospermic males following vasectomy who underwent percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and/or testicular sperm extraction (TeSE), between 1997 and 2005 by a single urologist, and whose sperm was subsequently frozen for use in an IVF treatment programme on their partner's behalf. Hundred and forty-four (73%) males had a positive PESA, and the remaining 54 (27%) had a positive TeSE. Forty-four percent of males with no clinical evidence of epididymal distension still had epididymal sperm retrieved successfully. Hundred and twenty-eight patients proceeded with ICSI, and a total of 237 cycles were performed. The CPR and LBR overall were 29 and 27%, respectively. Using logistic regression there was no association between time since vasectomy and CPR (P = 0.17) or LBR (P = 0.31). A history of an attempted reversal of vasectomy did not negatively affect retrieval rates or CPR and LBR. The success of SSR and the outcome of ICSI, using frozen sperm, are independent of male age and time since vasectomy. Epididymal sperm may be retrieved in over 40% of men in whom there is no clinical evidence of epididymal distension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bromage
- Department of Urology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
O'Neill DA, McVicar CM, McClure N, Maxwell P, Cooke I, Pogue KM, Lewis SEM. Reduced sperm yield from testicular biopsies of vasectomized men is due to increased apoptosis. Fertil Steril 2007; 87:834-41. [PMID: 17241627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare sperm yields, apoptotic indices, and sperm DNA fragmentation from vasectomized men and fertile men undergoing vasectomy. DESIGN Testicular biopsies from vasectomized (n = 26) and fertile men (n = 46), were milked to calculate sperm/gram and also formalin-fixed to determine the numbers of developing sperm and incidence and intensities of testicular FasL, Fas, Bax, and Bcl-2. Testicular sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the alkaline Comet assay. SETTING An ART unit. PATIENT(S) Twenty-six men attending for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 46 men attending for vasectomies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Spermatocyte, spermatid and sperm yields, Fas, FasL, and Bax staining. RESULT(S) Sperm yields from men vasectomized >5 years previously were markedly reduced compared to fertile men. Increased intensities of FasL and Bax staining were observed in the seminiferous tubules of vasectomy men. FasL positivity (percentage) also increased in Sertoli cells, and both FasL and Fas positivity (percentage) increased in primary spermatocytes and round spermatids of vasectomized men. Sperm DNA fragmentation, an end point marker of apoptosis, increased significantly in vasectomized men compared to fertile men. CONCLUSION(S) Reduced sperm yields after vasectomy are associated with increased apoptosis through the Fas-FasL and Bax pathways. Sperm after vasectomy displayed increased DNA fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A O'Neill
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kleiman SE, Yogev L, Hauser R, Botchan A, Maymon BBS, Paz G, Yavetz H. Expression profile of AZF genes in testicular biopsies of azoospermic men. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:151-8. [PMID: 16936303 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Y-chromosome AZF regions include genes whose functions and specific roles in spermatogenesis have not been fully clarified. This study investigated the expression of several AZF (USP9Y, DDX3Y/DDX3Yt1, EIF1AY and PRY) and USP9X transcripts in testicular biopsies of 89 azoospermic men who had been classified by histology and cytology assessments. METHODS Expression was analysed by RT-PCR, and some biopsies were evaluated by multiplex RT-PCR. Quantitative PCR was performed in some biopsies to determine the ratio of the testis-specific transcript DDX3Yt1 to the total DDX3Y transcription. RESULTS The expression of USP9Y, USP9X and DDX3Y was found in all the specimens tested, whereas DDX3Yt1 expression was diminished or undetectable in several biopsies with impaired spermatogenesis. EIF1AY was detected in all except two of the specimens. Noteworthy, PRY expression was detected mainly in biopsies with germ cells, and this association was significant (P < 0.001). An identical expression profile was obtained by either single or multiplex RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PRY is usually expressed in germ cells, whereas the other transcripts are also expressed in testicular somatic cells. The absence of EIF1AY expression might sporadically contribute to azoospermia. The decreased ratio of DDX3Yt1/DDX3Y transcript in impaired spermatogenesis suggests that the DDX3Yt1 transcript is under-expressed in impaired spermatogenesis. The findings contribute to the search and selection of the most valuable gene markers potentially useful as additional tools for predicting complete spermatogenesis by multiplex expression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Kleiman
- Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
. MSM, . MA, . MS, . MH. The Effects of Sodium Arsenite on the Biochemical Factors in the Blood of Vasectomised Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2006.525.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Fertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18:344-53. [PMID: 16735837 DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000193023.28556.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Protamines are the major nuclear sperm proteins. The human sperm nucleus contains two types of protamine: protamine 1 (P1) encoded by a single-copy gene and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins (P2, P3 and P4), all also encoded by a single gene that is transcribed and translated into a precursor protein. The protamines were discovered more than a century ago, but their function is not yet fully understood. In fact, different hypotheses have been proposed: condensation of the sperm nucleus into a compact hydrodynamic shape, protection of the genetic message delivered by the spermatozoa, involvement in the processes maintaining the integrity and repair of DNA during or after the nucleohistone-nucleoprotamine transition and involvement in the epigenetic imprinting of the spermatozoa. Protamines are also one of the most variable proteins found in nature, with data supporting a positive Darwinian selection. Changes in the expression of P1 and P2 protamines have been found to be associated with infertility in man. Mutations in the protamine genes have also been found in some infertile patients. Transgenic mice defective in the expression of protamines also present several structural defects in the sperm nucleus and have variable degrees of infertility. There is also evidence that altered levels of protamines may result in an increased susceptibility to injury in the spermatozoan DNA causing infertility or poor outcomes in assisted reproduction. The present work reviews the articles published to date on the relationship between protamines and infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Oliva
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Genetics Unit, Department of Ciències Fisiològiques I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) allows the treatment of virtually every type of male infertility. Unlike in vitro fertilization (IVF), its success does not depend on sperm concentration, motility or morphology and most of the physical barriers to fertilisation are by-passes. Since ICSI does not require strongly motile sperm, its use has now been expanded to incorporate immature sperm from the testes and epididymides. Successful fertilisation, pregnancies and healthy babies have all been reported. However, concerns about the safety of ICSI remain due to its short clinical history and the lack of testing on animal models.
Male fertility potential for assisted reproduction by ICSI cannot be measured by conventional parameters. Sperm DNA integrity is increasingly recognised as a more useful indicator. Studies have shown that sperm with higher levels of DNA damage have lower fertilisation rates after IVF and ICSI. Sperm with DNA damage above a certain threshold are associated with a longer time to conceive in otherwise apparently fertile couples and a higher miscarriage rate. DNA damage has been shown to be associated with impaired embryo cleavage. Our group has shown that sperm DNA from testicular sperm is less fragmented than that from epididymal sperm and suggest its preferred use in ICSI.
In addition to nuclear (n) DNA we also assessed the quality of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from testicular sperm from men with obstructive azoospermia undergoing ICSI. We observed that couples achieving a pregnancy had both less mtDNA deletions and less nDNA fragmentation. We found inverse relationships between pregnancy and sperm mtDNA deletion numbers, size and nDNA fragmentation. No relationships were observed with fertilisation rates. With this knowledge, we designed an algorithm for the prediction of pregnancy based on the quality of sperm nDNA and mtDNA.
Each year 40,000 men have a vasectomy in the UK but every year 2500 request a reversal to begin a second family. For such men, vasectomy reversal has recently been replaced in part by testicular biopsy via fine-needle testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) performed at an outpatient clinic and subsequently used in ICSI. Since these were previously fertile men it has been assumed that they had ‘fertile’ sperm. However the assited conception success rates of these mens partners has not been assessed until recently. We have shown a significant reduction in the clinical pregnancy rates in the partners of men who had had a vasectomy ≥10yrs previously. There is also evidence to suggest that spermatogenesis is significantly impaired in vasectomised men. Marked decreases in spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa have been observed. We have found this to be associated with concomitant increases in apoptotic markers, such as Fas, FasL and Bax. The quality of the remaining sperm is also compromised. Sperm DNA from vasectomized men shows substantial damage which increases with time after surgery. This new use of ICSI will be discussed.
Collapse
|