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Ono M, Kuji N, Ueno K, Kojima J, Nishi H. The Long-Term Outcome of Children Conceived Through Assisted Reproductive Technology. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:583-590. [PMID: 37679558 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) led to the birth of 60,381 infants in 2020 in Japan. This number is set to increase as the future interest in ART is anticipated to rise. Couples receiving ART are monitoring the outcomes of these treatments to see whether any differences exist between babies conceived naturally and those conceived via ART. This study investigated the relationship between the long-term outcome of children born from ART with a focus on physical and psychomotor developments. A large volume of data concerning each relationship with ART was collected from various observational studies. Several findings indicate that, over time, the physical characteristics of babies born by ART, and those born naturally are comparable. However, some reports indicate that, until they reach school age, there may be a small difference in growth. ART and naturally conceived children do not vary in academic achievement or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Taken together, it is difficult to conclude with certainty that ART is the source of these differences since they may arise from the child's genetic factors or their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku (Tokyo), Japan.
| | - Naoaki Kuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku (Tokyo), Japan
| | - Keiko Ueno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku (Tokyo), Japan
| | - Junya Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku (Tokyo), Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku (Tokyo), Japan
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Health and Well-Being Outcomes of Adolescents Conceived Through In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1428-1438. [PMID: 33237512 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
What is the perception of health and well-being of adolescents from an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cohort? We conducted a survey, from September 2015 to June 2016, through self-completion questionnaires, on 487 singleton or twin ART-conceived 11- to 15-year-old adolescents, followed up since 1994, as part of an ART cohort. Collected data concerned perinatal characteristics, health indicators and perception, eating habits, behavior, and living standards. A total of 60.6% of the questionnaires were returned and could therefore be analyzed. This concerned 295 adolescents who were representative of the 788 remaining adolescents of our cohort, in terms of type of ART, maternal and perinatal characteristics, but not gender (sex ratio = 0.77). Overall, 15.3% reported chronic diseases, and only 13.3% of them considered that their chronic disease had an impact on their school life. Moreover, 94.2% of adolescents perceived that their health was "excellent" or "good"; 97.3% adolescents had normal weight or were underweight; onset of menstruation was 12 years old (± 1) for girls, age usually reported for puberty in girls; 51.9% declared having regular physical activity, boys more frequently than girls. Moreover, 70.6% of the boys had a sedentary behavior compared to 44.8% of the girls. A total of 73.5% of the adolescents were stressed at school, but school demand was considered high only in 12.2% of cases. Finally, 90% declared to have high life satisfaction. Overall, ART does not appear to have particular effect on the health indicators and behavior of adolescents who participated in the survey except for higher family affluence scale.
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Speech and language development of children born following assisted reproductive technologies. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110060. [PMID: 32361257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies which targeted communication skills of children born following assisted reproductive technologies have reported contradictory results. Concerning the increasing rates of children born in these technologies and the importance of some factors as risk factors like birth weight, gestational age, and the number of children per birth in these procedures, studying speech and language skills is critical. So, the current study aimed to investigate the speech and language capabilities of Persian speaking children born following these procedures. METHODS A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Babol city in 2016-2017 to investigate the receptive and expressive language and speech of Persian speaking children born in assisted reproductive technologies in the age range of 6-72 months. Parents of 78 children completed the Newsha Developmental Scale to assess language and speech skills. Then, the language and speech performance of the participants were compared in terms of gestational age, birth weight, number of children per birth, and sex in the current research and they are categorized as normal or having delay in language and speech development. RESULTS The participants had statistically significant difference for the receptive language in terms of gestational age (χ2 (1) = 5.76, p = 0.01) and birth weight (χ2 (1) = 8.22, p = 0.004) but in terms of the number of children per birth (χ2 (1) = 7.11, p = 0.009) and sex (χ2 (1) = 0.037, p = 0.84) did not have statistically significant difference. The children did not show significant difference for the expressive language in terms of gestational age (χ2 (1) = 1.09, p = 0.29), birth weight (χ2 (1) = 0.34, p = 0.55), the number of children per birth (χ2 (1) = 1.58, p = 0.2), and sex (χ2 (1) = 0.037, p = 0.84). The participants of the present study did not have statistically significant difference in speech in terms of gestational age (χ2 (1) = 2.82, p = 0.09), the number of children per birth (χ2 (1) = 3.57, p = 0.06), and sex (χ2 (1) = 0.06, p = 0.79). They had significant difference in speech only in terms of birth weight (χ2 (1) = 4.13, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Based on the results of the administration of the Newsha Developmental Scale as a screening tool, it seems that some factors like sex and number of children per birth do not affect speech and language performance of children born following ART. Another factor including gestational age and birth weight had effects on some domains. It is essential to design longitudinal studies to follow the speech and language performance of this population.
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Drenth Olivares M, Kuiper DB, Haadsma ML, Heineman KR, Heineman MJ, Hadders-Algra M. IVF procedures are not, but subfertility is associated with neurological condition of 9-year-old offspring. Early Hum Dev 2019; 129:38-44. [PMID: 30639464 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is not associated with neurological abnormalities in offspring's early childhood. Yet, it is unclear whether this is also true for school age. Neither do we know the role of parental subfertility in offspring's neurological development. The present study examined neurological condition at 9 years of 57 singletons born after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation IVF (COH-IVF), 46 singletons born after modified natural cycle IVF (MNC-IVF) and 66 singletons born to subfertile parents after natural conception (Sub-NC). To assess the effect of subfertility, the groups were pooled to form a subfertile group, and compared with a prospectively followed fertile reference group (n = 282). The sensitive Minor Neurological Dysfunction (MND) examination was used, resulting in the detailed Neurological Optimality Score (NOS) and the prevalence of the clinically relevant complex MND. Neurological condition of the three subfertile groups did not differ significantly: median NOS was 53 in each subfertile group and the prevalence of complex MND in the three subfertile groups was 30%, 37% and 36%, respectively. However, the NOS was lower and the prevalence of complex MND higher in children born to subfertile couples than in children of fertile couples (adjusted mean difference [95% CI]: -4.48 [-5.53 to -3.42]) and adjusted OR [95% CI]: 5.13 [2.60-10.16], respectively). We conclude that ovarian hyperstimulation, in vitro procedures, and the combination of both were not associated with a less favourable neurological outcome of 9-year-old singletons. However, the presence of parental subfertility was associated with less favourable neurological outcome of offspring at 9 years follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiel Drenth Olivares
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division Developmental Neurology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Derk B Kuiper
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division Developmental Neurology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike L Haadsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten R Heineman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division Developmental Neurology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands; SEIN: Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, location Zwolle, Dr Denekampweg 20, Zwolle 8025 BV, the Netherlands
| | - Maas Jan Heineman
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division Developmental Neurology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands.
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Catford SR, McLachlan RI, O'Bryan MK, Halliday JL. Long-term follow-up of ICSI-conceived offspring compared with spontaneously conceived offspring: a systematic review of health outcomes beyond the neonatal period. Andrology 2018; 6:635-653. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - R. I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - M. K. O'Bryan
- The School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - J. L. Halliday
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
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Pereira N, O’Neill C, Lu V, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD. The safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and long-term outcomes. Reproduction 2017; 154:F61-F70. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) approximately 25 years ago revolutionized the treatment of infertile couples. Today, ICSI remains an indispensable part of assisted reproductive treatments (ART) and has resulted in the birth of millions of babies. The 25th anniversary of ICSI marks a chronologic landmark in its evolving history. This landmark also serves as an opportunity to thoroughly appraise the safety of ICSI and analyze the long-term outcomes of ICSI-conceived children. In this review, we collate and analyze salient data accrued over the past 25 years pertaining to the long-term safety of ICSI and ICSI conceptions. We also evaluate the effects of ICSI on the perinatal outcomes, congenital malformation rates, cognitive development and reproductive health of ICSI-conceived neonates, children, adolescents and adults, respectively. In doing so, we also highlight the existence of potential confounders and biases that frequently obscure the interpretation of clinical follow-up studies.
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Catford SR, McLachlan RI, O'Bryan MK, Halliday JL. Long-term follow-up of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection-conceived offspring compared with in vitro fertilization-conceived offspring: a systematic review of health outcomes beyond the neonatal period. Andrology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - R. I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Monash IVF Group Pty Ltd; Richmond Vic. Australia
| | - M. K. O'Bryan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Development and Stem Cell Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - J. L. Halliday
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
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Schendelaar P, La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Heineman MJ, Middelburg KJ, Seggers J, Van den Heuvel ER, Hadders-Algra M. Subfertility factors rather than assisted conception factors affect cognitive and behavioural development of 4-year-old singletons. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:752-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Punamäki RL, Tiitinen A, Lindblom J, Unkila-Kallio L, Flykt M, Vänskä M, Poikkeus P, Tulppala M. Mental health and developmental outcomes for children born after ART: a comparative prospective study on child gender and treatment type. Hum Reprod 2015; 31:100-7. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schendelaar P, Van den Heuvel ER, Heineman MJ, La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Middelburg KJ, Seggers J, Hadders-Algra M. Increased time to pregnancy is associated with less optimal neurological condition in 4-year-old singletons, in vitro fertilization itself is not. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2773-86. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abdel-Mannan O, Sutcliffe A. I was born following ART: how will I get on at school? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 19:245-9. [PMID: 24935910 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With an ever-expanding population of children born after in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), the widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has placed a great emphasis on the need to study their long-term outcomes. Indeed, there has been concern that mechanisms used in ART may have a detrimental effect on the neurocognitive development of these children. Reassuringly, most neurocognitive and motor development studies using various assessment scales have generally found no differences between intracytoplasmic sperm injection, IVF and naturally conceived children. Only a few studies have reported concerns. In terms of predictors of intelligence in children, ART appears to have a minimal effect in comparison to birth weight, gestational age, socio-economic status, and parental educational levels. Nevertheless, further research of higher methodological quality in children beyond pre-school age and on newer ART procedures is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Mannan
- General and Adolescent Paediatric Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | - Alastair Sutcliffe
- General and Adolescent Paediatric Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Shankaran S. Outcomes from infancy to adulthood after assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Berry KA, Baron IS, Weiss BA, Baker R, Ahronovich MD, Litman FR. In vitro fertilization and late preterm preschoolers' neuropsychological outcomes: the PETIT study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:356.e1-6. [PMID: 23816840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vitro fertilization (IVF) is considered a generally safe procedure, although associated with a higher incidence of preterm birth. The literature is inconsistent about the psychological impact of IVF, and we found no reports about outcome in late preterm (LPT) children. Our objective was to study neuropsychological and behavioral outcomes in a cohort of preschoolers born LPT between 2004 and 2007. STUDY DESIGN Participants were 397 LPT children (mean age, 3.8 years) conceived assisted by IVF (n = 105) or non-IVF (n = 292). Standardized performance-based tests of general conceptual ability (intelligence quotient), executive function, focused/selective attention, visual-spatial perception, visual-motor skill, manual dexterity, learning, and memory were administered. Parents completed behavioral and executive function questionnaires. RESULTS IVF group characteristics included older maternal age (P < .001), lower birthweight (P < .001), and higher maternal education (P < .001). No main-effect significant group differences were found for any variable after controlling for these variables. However, sex differences were demonstrated for the neuropsychological variables in copying (P > .001), nonverbal reasoning (P = .001), manual dexterity (P = .001), and inhibitory capacity (P = .006), all favoring girls. CONCLUSION Birth following IVF-assisted conception did not increase the risk of intellectual, neuropsychological, or behavioral deficit in LPT preschoolers. As shown in earlier gestational-age participants, girls have selective advantages. These findings should be reassuring for parents who conceive through IVF and deliver infants 1-3 weeks before term gestational age. Future study of these children at elementary school age may detect subtle impairments not yet apparent at age 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Berry
- Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, VA
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Vanden Meerschaut F, D'Haeseleer E, Gysels H, Thienpont Y, Dewitte G, Heindryckx B, Oostra A, Roeyers H, Van Lierde K, De Sutter P. Neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcome of children aged 3-10 years born following assisted oocyte activation. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 28:54-63. [PMID: 24125944 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Assisted oocyte activation (AOA) using a calcium ionophore has been used for more than a decade following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) fertilization failure. However, since AOA does not mimic precisely the physiological fertilization process, concerns exist about its use in human assisted reproduction. This study assessed the neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcome of children aged ≥ 3 years who had been born following AOA in our centre. Twenty-one children participated in the study (81% response rate; mean age 63.6 ± 21.07 months). Neonatal data were collected via questionnaires. Neurodevelopmental outcome was tested using the Reynell Developmental Language Scales or Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children III. Behaviour was scored by the Social Communication Questionnaire, the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Teachers Report Form. For all tests and questionnaires, the mean outcomes lay within the expected ranges. These are first data on the developmental outcome of AOA children. The high response rate and the robustness of the tests support the data, which are reassuring although still considered preliminary. Therefore, AOA should still be performed only in selected couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Vanden Meerschaut
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185-1P4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Evelien D'Haeseleer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Speech and Language Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185-2P2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Gysels
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Research Group Developmental Disorders, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ylenia Thienpont
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Research Group Developmental Disorders, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Dewitte
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, De Pintelaan 185-2K5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185-1P4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Oostra
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, De Pintelaan 185-2K5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Research Group Developmental Disorders, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Speech and Language Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185-2P2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185-1P4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Bay B, Mortensen EL, Kesmodel US. Assisted reproduction and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:844-53. [PMID: 23810272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Children born after medically assisted reproduction vs. reference groups of spontaneously conceived children. INTERVENTION(S) Data were reviewed from worldwide published articles, without restrictions as to publication year or language. A total of 80 studies included between 31 and 2,446,044 children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Child neurodevelopmental outcomes categorized as cognitive, behavioral, emotional or psychomotor development, or diagnoses of mental disorders. RESULT(S) For infants, studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits, but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development. Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive, behavioral, socio-emotional, and psychomotor development. For children in middle childhood, development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls, although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age. Very few studies have assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes among teens, and the results are inconclusive. Studies investigating the risk of diagnoses of mental disorders are generally large, with long follow-up, but the results are inconsistent. CONCLUSION(S) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after fertility treatment is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Bay
- Section of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Halliday J. Outcomes for offspring of men having ICSI for male factor infertility. Asian J Androl 2011; 14:116-20. [PMID: 22157986 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using single sperm isolated from testicular tissue in men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, or using ejaculated sperm in those with poor semen quality, there have been concerns that this might have adverse effects on the offspring compared to conventional in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and natural conceptions. ICSI is done for reasons other than male factor infertility, and on the whole has not been shown to have any more negative effects than those seen with IVF. There have however, been very few studies of ICSI with a focus on, or large enough numbers to examine, the specific outcomes associated with male factor infertility. From the limited information available in relation to the source of the sperm and aetiology of infertility in the presence of ICSI, there appears to be no increased risk of congenital malformations. There is, however, a small increase in both de novo and inherited chromosome abnormalities. In terms of growth and neurodevelopment, there are very few studies, and so far, no adverse outcomes have been found in young children whose fathers have a sperm defect. The origin of the sperm used in ICSI does not have a major influence on the early life outcomes for the offspring, but transgenerational and epigenetic effects remain unknown. When the male factor infertility is known or thought to be due to a Y-chromosome deletion, this information should be given to the young male offspring at a time that will ensure his own reproductive health and plans are optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Halliday
- Public Health Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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Comparison of naturally conceived and IVF-DZ twins in the Netherlands Twin Registry: a developmental study. J Pregnancy 2011; 2011:517614. [PMID: 22132337 PMCID: PMC3216262 DOI: 10.1155/2011/517614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a large set of twin pairs, we compared twins born after IVF to naturally conceived twins with respect to birth characteristics, growth, attainment of motor milestones, and emotional and behavioral problems. Twin families were registered with the Netherlands Twin Register. We included 1534 dizygotic (DZ) twins born after IVF, 5315 naturally conceived (NC) DZ twins, and 1504 control NC DZ twins who were matched to the IVF twins based on maternal age, maternal educational level, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age, and offspring sex. Data were obtained by longitudinal surveys sent to fathers, mothers, and teachers at ages 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, and 12 years. Results showed no differences in growth, in attainment of motor milestones, and in behavioral development between IVF and matched NC twins. It can be concluded that for nearly all aspects, development in IVF and NC children is similar.
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Eckert JJ, Fleming TP. The effect of nutrition and environment on the preimplantation embryo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1576/toag.13.1.43.27640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schendelaar P, Middelburg KJ, Bos AF, Heineman MJ, Jongbloed-Pereboom M, Hadders-Algra M. The Groningen ART cohort study: the effects of ovarian hyperstimulation and the IVF laboratory procedures on neurological condition at 2 years. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:703-12. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Schwangerschaft und Geburt nach assistierter Reproduktion. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-010-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Zhu JL, Obel C, Basso O, Olsen J. Parental infertility and developmental coordination disorder in children. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:908-13. [PMID: 20139428 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been reported that children born after infertility treatment had a slight delay in early motor milestones. In this study, we examined whether children of infertile couples with or without infertility treatment had a higher risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS We used data on parental infertility and DCD among 23 167 singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002). Data on time to pregnancy (TTP) and infertility treatment were collected early in pregnancy. Data on DCD in children were collected using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, filled in by the mothers during follow-up when the children were 7 years old. We used the recommended cut-off for the age group to classify children. RESULTS Compared with children born of fertile couples, children conceived after a waiting TTP of longer than 12 months had a slightly higher risk of DCD [odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.77], but the estimated OR was not significant in children born after infertility treatment (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.86-1.66). None of the individual treatment procedures was significantly associated with a higher risk of DCD. Children of parents who had not planned their pregnancy showed no elevated risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are overall reassuring, although it is possible that low fecundity may be associated with a modestly increased risk of DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang Zhu
- The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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22
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Middelburg KJ, Haadsma ML, Heineman MJ, Bos AF, Hadders-Algra M. Ovarian hyperstimulation and the in vitro fertilization procedure do not influence early neuromotor development; a history of subfertility does. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:544-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Hashem MS, Mahmoud NA, Aboulghar HM, Omar AM, El Shamaa MF, Moustafa RS. Karyotyping and neurodevelopmental follow-up of intracytoplasmic sperm injection children up to 4years of age. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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van Dijk M, Poley MJ, Gischler SJ, Mazer P, Ijsselstijn H, Tibboel D, Latour JM. Parental satisfaction with follow-up services for children with major anatomical congenital anomalies. Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36:101-9. [PMID: 19719767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 1999 a multidisciplinary follow-up programme for parents and children with major anatomical congenital anomalies is in place in our hospital, run by a dedicated team. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the services of this team from a parental perspective. METHODS Parents completed a questionnaire including open and closed questions about satisfaction with the various professional disciplines involved in the follow-up, statements on usefulness of the follow-up services and suggestions for improvement. RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-nine surveys were sent out, of which 71% were returned. Non-responding parents included significantly more parents of non-Dutch origin (P= 0.038) and parents who never responded to invitations for follow-up examinations (P < 0.001). Parental satisfaction differed for the various disciplines. Eighty per cent of the parents were (very) satisfied with the social worker, compared with 92% with nurses. More than half of the parents agreed that the follow-up services give peace of mind. Almost a quarter of parents, however, considered the follow-up services as redundant. The children of these parents had significantly shorter intensive care unit stay (P= 0.02), were older at the time of the questionnaire (P= 0.04), of higher socio-economic status (P= 0.001) and less likely to be of non-Dutch origin (P= 0.008). Sixty-one per cent of the parents had contacted the 24-h helpline. Ninety per cent of the parents were satisfied with the intensive care unit, almost 80% with the general ward. CONCLUSION Overall, parents were satisfied with the services of the follow-up team. Some parents, however, saw room for improvement related to better communication, recognizability of the team and better planning and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Dijk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Middelburg KJ, Heineman MJ, Bos AF, Pereboom M, Fidler V, Hadders-Algra M. The Groningen ART cohort study: ovarian hyperstimulation and the in vitro procedure do not affect neurological outcome in infancy. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3119-26. [PMID: 19749193 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the growing number of children born following assisted reproduction technology, even subtle changes in the children's health and development are of importance to society at large. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the specific effects of ovarian hyperstimulation and the in vitro procedure on neurological outcome in 4-18-month-old children. METHODS In this prospective assessor-blinded cohort study, we included singletons born following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (COH-IVF; n = 68) or modified natural cycle-IVF/ICSI (MNC-IVF; n = 57) or naturally conceived singletons of subfertile couples (NC; n = 90). Children were assessed with standardized, age-specific and sensitive neurological assessments (TINE and Hempel assessment) at 4, 10 and 18 months. Neurological examination resulted in a neurological optimality score (NOS), a fluency score and a clinical neurological classification. Fluency of movements is easily affected by neurological dysfunction and is therefore a sensitive measure for minimal changes in neuromotor development. RESULTS The NOS and the fluency score were similar in COH-IVF, MNC-IVF and NC children. None of the children showed major neurological dysfunction and rates of minor neurological dysfunction at the three ages were not different between the three conception groups. CONCLUSIONS We found no effects of ovarian hyperstimulation or the in vitro procedure itself on neurological outcome in children aged 4-18 months. The findings of our study are reassuring, nevertheless it should be kept in mind that subtle neurodevelopmental disorders may emerge when children grow older. Continuation of follow-up in older and larger groups of children is therefore still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Middelburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology-CA85, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Zhu JL, Basso O, Obel C, Hvidtjørn D, Olsen J. Infertility, infertility treatment and psychomotor development: the Danish National Birth Cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2009; 23:98-106. [PMID: 19159396 PMCID: PMC2706001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Babies born of infertile couples, regardless of treatment, have a higher risk of preterm birth and low birthweight, conditions associated with delayed development. We examined developmental milestones in singletons as a function of parental infertility [time to pregnancy (TTP) > 12 months] and infertility treatment. From the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003), we identified 37 897 singletons born of fertile couples (TTP < or = 12 months), 4351 born of infertile couples conceiving naturally (TTP > 12 months), and 3309 born after infertility treatment. When the children were about 18 months old, mothers reported 12 developmental milestones by responding to structured questions. We defined a failure to achieve the assessed milestone or the minimal numbers of milestones in a summary (motor, or cognitive/language skills) as delay. Naturally conceived children born of infertile couples had a pattern of psychomotor development similar to that of children born of fertile couples, but increasing TTP correlated with a modest delay. When the analysis was restricted to infertile couples (treated and untreated), children born after treatment showed a slight delay in cognitive/language development (odds ratio 1.24, [95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.53]) for not meeting at least three out of six cognitive/language milestones); children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) had the highest estimated relative risk of delay for most milestones, especially motor milestones. These results suggest that a long TTP may be associated with a modest developmental delay. Infertility treatment, especially ICSI, may be associated with a slight delay for some of these early milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang Zhu
- The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Olga Basso
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. MD A3-05, PO Box 12233. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carsten Obel
- The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Perinatal Epidemiological Research Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, DK 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dorte Hvidtjørn
- NANEA, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Paludan-Müllers Vej 17, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA. Box 951772. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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Ludwig A, Katalinic A, Thyen U, Sutcliffe AG, Diedrich K, Ludwig M. Neuromotor development and mental health at 5.5 years of age of singletons born at term after intracytoplasmatic sperm injection ICSI: results of a prospective controlled single-blinded study in Germany. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Wagenaar K, van Weissenbruch M, Knol D, Cohen-Kettenis P, Delemarre-van de Waal H, Huisman J. Information processing, attention and visual-motor function of adolescents born after in vitro fertilization compared with spontaneous conception. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:913-21. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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29
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Basatemur E, Sutcliffe A. Follow-up of children born after ART. Placenta 2008; 29 Suppl B:135-40. [PMID: 18790325 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive therapies (ART), namely in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), have become widely used in the treatment of human infertility. Children conceived using ART represent a substantial proportion of the population. Follow-up of these children is necessary in order to evaluate the risks of infertility treatment upon subsequently conceived offspring. In recent years there has been considerable work in this field. This review summarises current evidence regarding the health of children conceived following ART, encompassing neonatal outcomes, the risk of congenital malformations, neurodevelopmental outcome, physical health, psychosocial well being, and the risk of cancer. The main risks for the future well being of ART children remain multiple pregnancies and low birth weight. Evidence regarding the outcome of singletons born at term following ART is generally reassuring. It is essential that follow-up of ART children continues as they progress through adolescence into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Basatemur
- Adolescent and General Paediatric Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 250 Euston Road, 6th Floor, London NW1 2PQ, UK
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30
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Abstract
Studies on children born as a result of IVF or ICSI present significant methodological differences and have been conducted on highly heterogeneous populations. Regarding perinatal data, there is a consensus of opinion on the increased risk of prematurity, growth retardation and perinatal mortality, even after maternal factors and the presence or absence of multiple pregnancies have been taken into account. There is no significant difference in the studies between ICSI and IVF, which are often not individualised. The results of birth defects following IVF treatment are contradictory in the literature. The risk of birth defects following ICSI can be caused by male infertility (chromosome abnormality rate, microdeletion of the Y chromosome, genetic fingerprint) or by the technique used (no selection of the fertilising spermatozoon, disturbance of the meiotic spindle, risk of introduction of foreign materials, risk of infection). Analysis of the literature is complicated because of methodological biases. Thus, according to the studies, the risks of defects following ICSI are identical or increased compared with those following IVF. In the long term, synthesis of the studies does not allow any certainty regarding the growth of children, their cognitive or psychomotor development, the risk of cancers or epigenetic diseases. The current data is more reassuring than worrying, but the good current studies on child development should be developed in terms of number, cohort size and monitoring period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Epelboin
- Hôpital Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 82, avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75674 Paris cedex, France
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31
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Fehlbildungen und Entwicklung nach assistierter Reproduktion. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-007-0200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Varghese AC, Goldberg E, Agarwal A. Current and future perspectives on intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a critical commentary. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15:719-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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